• Title/Summary/Keyword: 최대 퍼짐

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Gel characteristics of Starch during Steeping of Potato (감자의 수침에 따른 전분 겔의 특성)

  • 정난희;김경애
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.598-603
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    • 2001
  • Gel characteristics of potato starches which were prepared by steeping potato at 10$\pm$ 1$\^{C}$ and 25$\^{C}$$\pm$1$\^{C}$ incubator for 11days were investigated. Results of the instrumental test of potato starch gels showed significantly different strength, hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness by steeping time. The light microscope and scanning electron microscope of starch gels showed three-dimensional network including macroporous structure by steeping. The syneresis of potato starch gel was decreased by steeping potato at 24 for 72 hours.

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Development of a High Resolution SPECT Detector with Depth-encoding Capability for Multi-energy Imaging: Monte Carlo Simulation (다중에너지 영상 획득을 위한 Depth-Encoding 고분해능 단일광자단층촬영 검출기 개발: 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션 연구)

  • Beak, Cheol-Ha;Hwang, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Seung-Jae;Chung, Yong-Hyun
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this work was to establish the methodology for event positioning by measuring depth of interaction (DOI) information and to evaluate the system sensitivity and spatial resolution of the new detector for I-125 and Tc-99m imaging. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo simulation tool, DETECT2000 and GATE were used to model the energy deposition and light distribution in the detector and to validate this approach. Our proposed detector module consists of a monolithic CsI(Tl) crystal with dimensions of $50.0{\times}50.0{\times}3.0\;mm^3$. The results of simulation demonstrated that the resolution is less than 1.5 mm for both I-125 and Tc-99m. The main advantage of the proposed detector module is that by using 3 mm thick CsI(Tl) with maximum-likelihood position-estimation (MLPE) method, high resolution I-125 imaging and high sensitivity Tc-99m imaging are possible. In this paper, we proved that our new detector to be a reliable design as a detector for a multi-energy SPECT.

Quality and Antioxidant Attributes of Cookies Supplemented with Cranberry Powder (크랜베리 분말을 첨가한 쿠키의 품질특성)

  • Choi, Ji Eun;Lee, Jun Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.132-135
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    • 2015
  • The feasibility of incorporating cranberry powder (CP) as a value-added food ingredient in cookies was investigated. The moisture content and spread ratio of cookies increased significantly with increasing levels of CP (p<0.05). Lightness and yellowness decreased, whereas redness increased significantly with higher amount of CP. The use of CP significantly decreased the hardness of cookies while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity was significantly elevated. The consumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of CP up to 4% had a favorable effect on the consumer preferences in most attributes. Based on the overall observations, cookies with 4% CP can take advantage of the functional properties of CP without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

반응표면분석에 의한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 변화

  • 이용욱;금준석;은종방
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.167.2-168
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    • 2003
  • 현대 사회는 서구적인 식생활의 변화로 인해 조리가 간편하고 조리 시간이 짧은 즉석식품과 영양 기호식품을 동시에 충족시켜주는 음식에 대한 소비가 늘고 있는 실정이다. 또한 최근 미곡의 공급량에 비해서 소비량이 해마다 감소하여 재고미의 증가를 볼 때, 쌀의 새로운 이용방법 모색이 절실히 요망된다. 따라서 쌀의 소비촉진과 현대사회의 소비형태를 접목시켜서 쇠고기와 야채를 이용한 즉석쌀죽을 개발하고자 하였다. 쇠고기, 야채 및 쌀가루를 이용한 soup mix의 최적 배합비를 설정하기 위하여 제조조건에 따라 다르게 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 변화를 조사하였다. 이때 야채의 배합비에 따른 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 모니터링 하고자 반응표면분석법 (response surface methodology, RSM)을 이용하였다. 요인변수(Xn)를 쌀의 양에 대한 버섯의 비율 (X$_1$), 당근의 비율 (X$_2$), 대파의 비율 (X$_3$)로 하여 중심합성계획에 따라 17실험구로 구분하여 조리실험을 실시하였고, 반응변수(Yn)는 soup mix를 이용하여 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 이화학적 특성인 색도의 L*값 (Y$_1$), a*값 (Y$_2$), b*값 (Y$_3$), 점도(Y$_4$), 퍼짐성 (Y$_{5}$), 고형분 함량(Y$_{6}$), PH (Y$_{7}$)으로 하였으며 관능적 특성인 색 (Y$_{8}$), 향 (Y$_{9}$), 점성 (Y$_{10}$), 맛 (Y$_{11}$), 전체적인 기호도 (Y$_{12}$)를 종속변수로 하여 회귀분석에 이용하였다. 회귀분석에 의한 모델식의 예측에는 SAS (statistical analysis system)program을 사용하였으며, 3차원 반응표면 분석법으로 해석하였다. 야채의 배합비에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 물리적 특성인 색도의 L*, a*, b* 값에 대한 반응표면 회귀식의 $R^2$은 각각 0.6098(p> 0.05), 0.8803 (p <0.05), 0.6781(p> 0.05)로서 b값에 있어서 그 유의성이 5%수준에서 인정되어 b값에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. L*값은 63-68사이로, a*값은 0.13에서 -0.89사이를 b*값은 2-5값 사이에서 변화하여 제조한 죽의 색이 옅은 황색임을 알 수 있었다. 고형분 함량, 퍼짐성과 pH에 대한 $R^2$은 각각 0.4280, 0.5433과 0.2406임을 볼 때 버섯, 당근, 대파의 비율에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 고형분 함량, 퍼짐성과 pH는 설정된 범위내에서 그 유의성이 인정되지 않아 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사 결과, 색과 향에 대한 반응표면 회귀식의 $R^2$은 각각0.6000과 0.7825이고 P-value는 각각 0.4290과 0.0942로서 5% 수준에서 유의한 상관성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 맛과 점성에 대한 $R^2$은 0.8717과 0.8068이고 P-value는 각각 0.0195 (p <0.05)와 0.0612로서 야채의 배합비에 따라 맛에 있어서 유의확률 5%수준에서 그 유의성이 인정되었으며, 전체적인 기호도에 대한 유의성은 $R^2$이 0.8463이고 P-value는 0.0344 (p <0.05)임을 볼 때, 설정된 범위내에서 야채의 배합비에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 맛과 기호도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 최대 임계점이 버섯의 첨가량은 0.99%, 당근의 첨가량은 0.97%, 대파의 첨가량은 0.59%에서 최적 반응표면을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 야채의 배합비에 따른 맛과 전체적인 기호도에 있어서 그 유의성이 5%수준에서 모두 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, soup mix 제조시 쌀가루 양에 대한 야채의 최적 배합비는 버섯, 당근, 대파에 있어서 각각 0.99, 0.97과 0.59%임을 알 수 있었다.

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Effect of Sediment Size On Air Injection and Flowing Aspect of Groundwater Saturated Zone (대수층 토양입자크기에 따른 공기분사 흐름 양상)

  • 이준호;박갑성
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2003
  • Laboratory scale study for an air injection and flowing aspect of groundwater saturated zone was conducted for three sediment grains (AMG 0.34, 1.38, 3.89 mm diameter). Air flow for AMG (Average Modal diameter Grains) 0.34 mm diameter grain size provides indication of pattern of channelized air flow in saturated zone and expansion state in above saturated zone. Maximum area of influence is approximately l5.2%/$\textrm{m}^2$for AMG of 0.34 mm diameter. For AMG of 1.38 mm and 3.89 mm modal diameter grains, air flow are pervasive air flow, forming a symmetrical cone of influence around the injection point. Maximum areas affected are 37%/$\textrm{m}^2$for AMG 1.38 mm diameter and 30%/$\textrm{m}^2$for AMG 3.89 mm diameter. AMG 1.38 mm and 3.89 mm diameter grains show onset of collapse and approach to steady state in above saturated zone, respectively. In this study, optimal sites for in situ air sparging, may be grain diameters between about AMG 1.5-2.5 mm diameter.

Quality Changes of Retorted Samgyetang During Storage Depending on the Degassing Methods (탈기 포장 방법에 따른 레토르트 삼계탕의 저장 중 품질 변화)

  • Jang, Min Jun;Lee, Jin Ho;Lee, Keun Taik
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2013
  • This study investigated the quality changes of Samgyetang during storage, resulting from various degassing methods used at the packaging stage. Three different samples were prepared, one without any treatment (CON), a second with reduced head space volume by squeezing the pouch (RHS), and a third by flushing with nitrogen gas (NGF). These were retorted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 65 min under the F-value of approx. 8.0, and stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 9 months. The oxygen ratio in the head space and the dissolved oxygen content of NGF samples tended to be lower than those of other samples over the storage period. Compared to the CON, the acid values of NGF and RHS samples were lower than the CON from month 3 and 6 (p<0.05). During storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of NGF and RHS samples increased slowly compared to the CON. To delay quality deterioration and extend the shelf-life of Samgyetang products, the reduction of oxygen content in the head space of the retort pouch (preferably by flushing with nitrogen gas) is recommended, even though no significant differences in sensory evaluation were observed among the samples during 9 months of storage (p>0.05).

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Optimization of Cookie Preparation by Addition of Polygonum multiflorum Radix Powder using Response Surface Methodology (반응표면분석법을 이용한 하수오 가루를 첨가한 쿠키의 제조조건 최적화)

  • Yu, Hyeon Hee;Oh, Jong Chul
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.539-550
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratios of three different ingredients of Polygonum multiflorum Radix powder, butter, and sugar for the development of recipe for cookies with Polygonum multiflorum Radix powder. Response surface methodology based on a five level and three variables by central composite design was employed to obtain the best possible combination for the ratios of Polygonum multiflorum Radix powder ($X_1$), butter ($X_2$), and sugar ($X_3$). The analytical results of the physical and mechanical properties for each sample including color L (P<0.01), color a (P<0.01), color b (P<0.01), spread ratio (P<0.001), and hardness (P<0.001) showed significant differences. The sensory measurements were significantly different in color (P<0.05), appearance (P<0.05), texture (P<0.001), flavor (P<0.01), taste (P<0.01), and overall quality (P<0.001). The optimal compositional ratios were determined to be 4.00 g for the Polygonum multiflorum Radix powder, 75.42 g for the butter, and 45.67 g for the sugar.

The Quality Characteristics of Cookies Prepared with Agaricus blazei Murill (아가리쿠스 버섯 가루를 첨가한 쿠키의 최적화 연구)

  • Lee, Heejeong;Jeong, Hee Sun;Joo, Nami
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.175-184
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter in the preparation of cookies. The experimental design utilized herein was based on central composite design for response surface methodology, which included 10 experimental points, including 2 replicates for Agaricus blazei Murill and butter. The physical, mechanical, and sensory properties of the test were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final mixed product. The spread ratio increased significantly with an increase in Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter (p<0.05). The response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effect of Agaricus blazei Murill powder and butter on cookie moisture and color (L, a) (p<0.001). Sensory evaluation showed significant values for color (p<0.05), flavor (p<0.05), texture (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.01) in the predicted model. The optimum formulation by numerical and graphical methods was calculated as follows: Agaricus blazei Murill powder 3.63 g, butter 55.37 g.

Effects of Flux Activator on Wettability and Slump of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Paste (플럭스 활성제 종류에 따른 Sn-Ag-Cu 솔더 페이스트의 젖음성 및 슬럼프 특성 평가)

  • Kwon, Soonyong;Seo, Wonil;Ko, Yong-Ho;Lee, Hoo-Jeong;Yoo, Sehoon
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 2018
  • Effect of activators in flux on the printability and wettability of a solder paste was evaluated in this study. The activators in this study were dicarboxylic acids, which were oxalic acid (n = 0), malonic acid (n = 1), succinic acid (n = 2), glutaric acid (n = 3), adipic acid (n = 4), and pimelic acid (n = 5). When the solder pastes were observed with a SMT scope, solder with glutaric acid showed clean and shiny surface when it was melted. Slump ratio of the solder pastes was low when the carbon numbers of the dicarboxylic acid were 1-3. Spreadability was high when the carbon number was over 2. Zero cross time of wetting balance test was under 1 sec when the carbon number was over 3. When activator was oxalic acid or malonic acid, zero cross time was over 1 sec and maximum wetting force was low. Fluxes with the oxalic acid and malonic acid showed decomposition at the temperature close to melting point. Among the dicarboxylic acids, glutaric acid provided excellent slump, spreadability, and wettability.

Flow and Mixing Behavior at the Tidal Reach of Han River (한강 감조구간에서의 흐름 및 혼합거동)

  • Seo, Il Won;Song, Chang Geun;Lee, Myung Eun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.6B
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    • pp.731-741
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    • 2008
  • Previous studies on the numerical simulation at the tidal reach of Han River tend to restrict downstream boundary as Jeon-ryu station due to difficulties in gaining cross section data and tidal elevation values at Yu-do. But, in this study, geometries beyond the confluence of Gok-reung stream and Im-jin River are constructed based on the numerical sea map; tidal elevation at the downstream boundary, Yu-do is estimated by harmonic analysis of In-cheon tide gage station so that hydrodynamic and diffusion behavior have been analyzed. The domain ranging from Shin-gok submerged weir to Yu-do is selected (which is 36.8 km in length). RMA-2 and RAM4 developed by Il Won Seo (2008) are applied to simulate flow and diffusion behavior, respectively. Numerical results of flow characteristic are compared with the measured data at Jeon-ryu station. Simulation is carried out from June 23 to 25 in 2006 on the ground that hydrologic data is satisfactory and tidal difference is huge during that period. The result shows that reverse flow occurs 5 times according to the tidal elevation at Yu-do and the maximum reverse flow is observed up to Jang-hang IC, which is 32.9 km in length. Also analysis is focused on the process of generation and disappearance of reverse flow, the distribution of water surface elevation and velocity along the maximum velocity line, and the transport of nonconservative pollutant. Pollutant injected from Gul-po stream spreads widely across the river; however, the size of BOD cloud entering from Gok-reung stream is relatively small because water depth at the mid and left side becomes deeper and maximum velocity occurs along the right bank so that transverse mixing is completed quickly. Finally, mixing characteristic of horizontal salinity distribution is obtained by estimating the salinity input with analytical solution of 1D advection-dispersion equation.