• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2011

Nondestructive surface imaging of elastic characteristic and mechanical property has been studied on nanoscale surface with ultrasonic AFM. Resonance frequency variation of cantilever is theoretically analyzed with respect to contact mechanics as well as experimentally measured. The contact resonance frequency is calculated theoretically using the spring-mass and Herzian model in accordance with the resonance frequency of UAFM cantilever measured experimentally. Consequently, the topography and amplitude images could be obtained successfully and the elastic characteristic at the nanoscale surface was evaluated qualitatively by amplitude signals.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2010

Vibro-contact of cantilever tip is studied with respect to contact mechanics and an elastic characteristic of nanoscale surface is imaged. The contact resonance frequency is calculated theoretically using the spring-mass and Herzian models, and the variation of resonance frequency of cantilever was analyzed when the cantilever was free and contact. The elasticity imaging was also achieved successfully using phase and amplitude signals obtained from the spheroidized steel specimens by prototype ultrasonic AFM.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

The ultrasonic atomic force microscope(UAFM) has been developed in order to enhance the characterization technology for nano-scale surface combining ultrasonic property to atomic force microscope. This UAFM technique enables elasticity imaging due to the physical properties on the heterogeneous surface in addition to the novel topography of surface height in the nano-surface layer. In this study, the prototype UAFM system was constructed and applied to several materials, silicon deposited wafer, spherodized cold heading steel, and carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimen. Clear elastic contrast was successfully obtained using this developed prototype UAFM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.505-506
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2012

This study presents the assessment results of adhesive properties on the interface between a silicon wafer and nano-scale polymer thin film pattern through UAFM images by using the contact resonance frequency of the cantilever. For the experiment, we varied surface treatment processes for the silicon wafer and fabricated a 300nm polymer thin film pattern through lithography. Images from the optical microscope were used to compare the produced test specimens for adhesive condition and the critical load value from the nano scratch test was used to verify the adhesive condition of the nano pattern. Each test specimen resulted in a $1{\mu}m{\times}1{\mu}m$ surface image and subsurface adhesive image. Adhesive condition was evaluated by image contrast differences on the interface according to the changing amplitudes and phases of contact resonance frequency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.398.2-398.2
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• 2014

유기태양전지는 낮은 공정 단가, 저온공정 및 기계적 유연성과 같은 다양한 장점을 지니고 있어서 실리콘 기반의 태양전지를 대체하기 위해서 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 유기태양전지는 실리콘 기반의 태양전지에 비해서 낮은 광전변환효율을가지고 있기 때문에 효율을 높이기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 중에서 엑시톤 분리 효율을 높이기 위한 방안으로 나노 구조가 많이 연구되고 있다. 하지만 나노 구조를 제작하기 위해서는 식각 과정을 거치거나, 금속 템플레이트를 사용하여 공정상 복잡하고 어려움을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 간단한 용액 공정을 이용하여 초음파 처리시간 변화에 따른 나노 구조를 가지는 광활성층을 제작하였다. 전자주게 물질인 P3HT를 혼합 용매에 녹여서 초음파 처리를 통해서 나노 구조를 제작하였고, 초음파 처리 시간에 따른 구조의 변화를 광류미네에센스 측정과 원자간 힘 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 나노 구조를 가지는 태양 전지는 엑시톤을 분리할 수 있는 전자주게와 전자받게의 계면이 증가함으로 엑시톤 분리 효율이 향상되는 장점을 가진다. 초음파 처리 사긴 변화에 따른 나노 구조 P3HT 층을 가진 태양전지의 전류밀도-전압 측정을 통해 효율의 변화를 비교하였다. 15분 동안 초음파 처리를 하였을 때, 가장 높은 효율을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 나노 구조를 가지지 않는 유기태양전지에 비해서 20% 정도 효율이 향상되는 결과를 볼 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.454-454
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• 2013

태양전지는 화석연료의 고갈로 인해 새로운 대체 에너지원으로 관심을 받고 있다. 유기태양전지는 무기물 태양전지와 비교하여 제작 단가가 낮은 경제성과 다양한 기판을 사용할 수 있는 다양한 응용성을 가지고 있기 때문에 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 실리콘 기반의 태양전지에 비해서 유기태양전지의 효율이 낮은 단점을 가지고 있기 때문에 효율을 높이기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 광활성층에서 생성되는 전자-홀 쌍을 효율적으로 분리하여 손실되는 전하를 줄여서 효율을 높이는 방법이 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초음파 처리 시간에 따라 나노구조를 가지는 고분자 광활성층의 표면거칠기가 변화하여 유기 태양전지의 전력변환 효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전자주게 물질인 P3HT를 용매에 녹여서 스핀코팅 한 후 초음파 처리를 하여 나노 구조를 형성하였고, 초음파 처리 시간에 따라서 형성한 나노 구조의 구조적 및 광학적 특성 변화를 광류미네센스와 원자힘 현미경 측정으로 관찰하였다. 전류밀도-전압 측정 결과는 초음파 처리 시간을 최적화하면 P3HT 나노 입자의 크기가 가장 작게 형성되어 계면 면적을 가장 크게 증가시켜 전자-홀 쌍을 효율적으로 분리하여 전력변환 효율이 증가하는 것을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2015

Ultrasonic atomic force microscopy (Ultrasonic-AFM) has been used to investigate the elastic property of the ultra-thin coating layer in a thin-film system. The modified Hertzian theory was applied to predict the contact resonance frequency through accurate theoretical analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the cantilever. We coat 200 nm thick Aluminum and Titanium thin films on the substrate using the DC Magnetron sputtering method. The amplitude and phase of the contact resonance frequency of a vibrating cantilever varies in response to the local stiffness constant. Ultrasonic-AFM images were obtained using the variations in the elastic property of the materials. The morphology of the surface was clearly observed in the Ultrasonic-AFM images, but was barely visible in the topography. This research demonstrates that Ultrasonic-AFM is a promising technique for visualizing the distribution of local stiffness in the nano-scale thin coatings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.478-484
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• 2014

Ultrasonic atomic force microscopy(Ultrasonic-AFM) can be used to obtain images of the elastic properties of a subsurface and to evaluate the elastic properties by measuring the contact resonance frequency. When a tip is in contact with the sample, it is necessary to understand the cantilever behavior and the tip-sample interaction for the quantitative and reliable analysis. Therefore, precise analysis models that can accurately simulate the tip-sample contact are required; these can serve as good references for predicting the contact resonance frequency. In this study, modal analyses of the first four modes were performed to calculate the contact resonance frequency by using a spring model, and the deformed shapes of the cantilever were visualized at each mode. We presented the contact characteristics of the cantilever with a variety of contact conditions by applying the contact area, contact material thickness, and material properties as the parameters for the FEM analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2013

This study demonstrates a novel hybrid surface polishing process combining non-traditional electrochemical polishing(ECP) with external artificial ultrasonic vibration. ECP, typical noncontact surface polishing process, has been used to improve surface quality without leaving any mechanical scratch marks formed by previous mechanical processes, which can polish work material by electrochemical dissolution between two electrodes surfaces. This research suggests vibration electrochemical polishing(VECP) assisted by ultrasonic vibration for enhancing electrochemical reaction and surface quality compared to the conventional ECP. The localized roughness of work material is measured by atomic force microscopy(AFM) for detailed information on surface. Besides roughness, overall surface quality, material removal rate(MRR), and productivity etc. are compared with conventional ECP.