• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1073-1081
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• 2006

The development of foundation garment pattern on the typical adult women's body was carried out. By means of the flatted body surface shell, the foundation garment pattern was developed. And its fitting test also performed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The investigated Foundation basic pattern was made by the allowing the maximum bust size without any surplus since it was based on the tight-fitted model drawing technique. The investigated the completed pattern was designed in three parts of front and back body, including bust. 2. The result showed by overlapping the torso basic pattern foundation and body surface development selected from body almost the same except for the shift of dart position. 3. The result by overlapping basic pattern 3 existing basic patterns. On the basis of top-bust line showed that the setting up the volume of dart of bust and its waist affect the appearance of model. Especially, it was found that the above result was related to the bust and under bust line. 4. The result of the wearing test of 3 existing basic patterns and basic pattern of this study revealed that the mean values of whole items were higher than average in type P and type E. The fitting & position of under-bust line and extent of wrapping bust showed the high points in the current study and type of P. The result of evaluating the whole appearance in three points(front, side, back) showed different according to the every basic foundation garment pattern.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2012

This research studied how to develop tight upper sportswear from 3D scan data considering fabric stretch property. Subjects were five Korean men of average figure in their 20's. Scanning was done for ten postures via vitus smart/pro(Techmath LTD). Analyzing from 3D scan data, more than 70% of the upper body surface showed surface change rate under 20%. It was shoulder and under arm side part that showed most noticeable body surface change when moving. A parametric model with convex surface was generated and flattened onto the plane, resulting 2D pattern. The error rate occurring in the process of 3D to 2D conversion was 0.2% for outline and 0.13% for area, respectively. Thirteen kinds of stretchable fabrics in the market were collected for this study. Stretch property was in the range of 16.0~58.2% for wale direction; 23.1~78.4% for course. Based on wear trial test, four fabrics were chosen for making the 1st experimental garment and finally one fabric was chosen for the 2nd one, which was developed applying 4 kinds of crosswise reduction rate on 2D pattern: 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Through wear trial test and garment pressure measurement, experimental garment applied with 10% pattern reduction rate was evaluated as most comfortable and considerable.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 1984

As a series of studies to clarify clonorchicidal substances in body surface mucus of some freshwater fishes, the substance in the epidermal mucus of Cyprinus carpio was isolated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography and analysed for its chemical nature. Wormicidal trial was done in vitro, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: The mucus was extracted by ethyl ether and separated into 4 fractions by column chromatography using benzene as solvent. The second fraction with yellowish red colour among them showed the strongest clonorchicidal effect. The yellowish red fraction obtained by column chromatography was then fractionated into 6 spots by thin layer chromatography with petrol/ etherjchloroform (30/70, v/v), and the Rf. 0.714 spot among the 6 spots showed the strongest effect. The Rf. 0.714 spot was further fractionated into 6 spots by thin layer chromatography with benzene/acetone (90/10, vlv), and the Rf. 0.800 spot among the later 6 spots revealed the strongest effect. The Rf. 0.800 spot was chromatographed on column with benzene and 2 fractions were obtained. The second fraction of light brown colour represented the final purified fraction. By these Purification Procedures, clonorchicidal substance was Purified 15-fold with 0.035 yield from the mucus of C. carpio, and 10mg of the final fraction killed the cercaria in 26 min, the metacercaria in 115 min, and the adult in 443 min. Infra red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analysis of the purified substance revealed that the substance belongs to an ethyl ester of unsaturated fatty acid with 2 double bonds, 15 methylene groups and 1 methyl group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to classify the upper body of women into several kinds of somatotypes, using the method of Surgical Tape and making their shells. The subjects are 53 females 30 to 39 years-old. Fifty-three anthropometric data are measured per shell of bodysurface; six somatotype factors are obtained through principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax, Somatotype of women's upper body is achieved by cluster analysis, using the standardized factor score as an independent variable and the FASTCLUS of SAS by Kmeans. The results are as follows: 1. The number of the factors which explain the somatotype is six and those factors comprise 76.12 percent of total variance. Factor 1: related to the size of shape in the front of upper body Factor S: related to the size of shape in the back of upper body Factor 3: related to the type of the upper chest over the chest circumference line Factor 4: related to the length of·the upper body Factor 5: related to the part of the neck Factor 6: related to the type of the lower chest under the chest circumference line 2. Cluster analysis results in classification of upper body into five clusters. Cluster L: the length is the largest and the circumference is small. The part of waist is the largest and widest among surface areas. Cluster 2: Slender body line from chest to waist is characteristic. The length is longer. The part of upper and lower chest is larger among surface areas. Cluster S: the circumference is the smallest and armhole is small. The length and surface area are small. Cluster 4: the circumference and armhole is the largest. The length is the smallest. Cluster 5: the circumference is average and the length is a little long. The body line(silhouette) from chest to waist is curved slightly.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.577-585
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• 2007

This research aimed for 20 latter man whose body shape of torso alters remarkably to develop nipper pattern of running type considered characteristic of body shape of 20 latter man to keep rather balanced body shape against middle age when body shape changes extremely. 1. running type nipper pattern design. Pattern of running, lining and nipper were designed by flattening surface shell. A basis line of running pattern is completed by applying reduction ratio after 3 times of modification & complement based on surface shell. Nipper pattern is designed with design line set by a plaster cast based on running pattern line. Lining pattern is designed with lining design line set by a plaster cast based on running type outside material and nipper pattern. 2. Functional evaluation of research and commercial nipper. Functional inspection through dress test was applied 5point evaluation method and the result of functional inspection on the sight of a wearer is that research nipper(running reduction ratio 15%, nipper reduction ratio 18%) averaged more 4.8point but commercial nipper averaged less 1.8point in the aspect of 20 items such as wear sensibility, motional function and external appearance aesthetic. Research running type nipper scored high in order of motional function, looks of side, back, front and whole and wear sensibility. Functional inspection in the point of view of an observer is that research nipper(running reduction ratio 15%, nipper reduction ratio 18%) averaged over 4.8point and commercial nipper averaged under 1.9point in 17 items of external appearance beauty. Research running type nipper marked high in order of looks of back, whole, front and side.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1983

Hypothermia is an essential preparatory procedure for cardiac surgery, which lows the metabolic rate and myocardial oxygen demand. However, hypothermia itself is a stress enough to change the tonus of sympathoadrenal system, especially the cardiovascular responses to the catecholamines. It is reported that the positive chronotropic and inotropic response of catecholamines is exaggerated during hypothermia because of decreased norepinephrine uptake at the junctional cleft or decreased catecholamine metabolism. On the other hand, there are evidences of diminished catecholamines responses in low temperature ana further, interconversion of adrenergic receptors is also suggested. Present investigation was planned to observe the cardiovascular changes and its responses to catecholamines during surface hypothermia in cat. Healthy mongrel cats, weighing $2{\sim}3\;kg$, anesthetized with secobarbital(30 mg/kg), were permitted to hypothermia by external cooling technic. Esophageal temperature, ECG (lead II), heart rate, left ventricular pressure with dP/dt, carotid artery pressure and left ventricular contractile force were monitored with Polygragh (Model 7, Grass), and the respiration was maintained with artificial respirator (V 5 KG, Narco). Followings are summarized results. 1) Surface cooling caused progressive decrease of body temperature and reached $l8.8{\pm}0.8^{\circ}C$ and $16.9{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$ in 120 and 150 min respectively, after immersion into ice water, and ventricular fibrillation was developed at $20.4{\pm}0.65^{\circ}C$. 2) Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial contractility were decreased after initial increase as the body temperature falls. 3) Systolic and diastolicdd P/dt of left ventricular pressure were decreased and that the decrement of diastolic dP/dt was more marked. 4) On ECG, ST depression, Twave inversion and prolongation of PR interval were prominent in hypothermia, and moreover, the prolongation of PR interval was marked just prior to the development of ventricular fibrillation. 5) The cardiovascular responses to catecholamines, especially to isoproterenol, were suppressed under hypothermia.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Purpose : In radiotherapy, various materials are used to located in treatment field unintentionally. It increases the dose delivered to the skin by interactions of the X-ray within the materials and occurs unwanted skin reaction.(due to the dose build-up effect) This aim of the this study is to measure the increase in skin dose when 13 materials are located in treatment field. Methods : Photon beam measurements were made using an plane-parallel chamber (Markus, PTW-Freiburg) in a polystyrene phantom. skin dose were measured using various overlaying 13 materials. a fixed geometry of a $10{\times}10cm$ field, a SSD=100cm and photon energy 4MV on Varian CLINAC 600C accelerator were used for all measurements. Results : There is an increase in skin dose for all materials($16.4{\sim}160.1\%$). As a percentage of maximum dose, the lowest skin dose were measured for the underwear with silk($43.2\%$) and the highest were measured for the 100m1 fluid-bag($96.6\%$) Conclusion : There is a significant increase in skin dose with 13 materials in the treatment field. a significant increase in skin dose can occur which could produce unwanted skin reaction. considerations for placement of 13 materials to be outside the treatment field whenever possible should be used to keep skin dose to a minimum level.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.975-988
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• 2012

Although the pattern development for tight-fitting clothing has been carried out using 3D data on humans, the pattern development using 3D scan data obtained for various postures still remains an interesting subject. In this study, we have developed the 2D pattern using the 3D human body reflecting standing and cycling postures. The 3D scan data of a subject was obtained using Cyberware. 2C-AN program(Triangle simplification and the Runge-Kutta method) was used in the system to reduce the 3D scan data points and to make segmented triangular patches in a plane from 3D data. As results, surface distance and area of each body part of standing and cycling postures were also provided for the future application of the functional clothing construction. The area of center piece on the front (c.front) decreased by $106.45cm^2$(-13.08%) and that of lateral piece(s.back) on the back increased by $144.96cm^2$(18.69%) in the patterns of cycling posture. The girth of neck and waist for the cycling posture increased by 0.88cm (3.92%) and 1.56cm(4.40%) respectively, and the that of thigh decreased by 1.01cm(-2.24%). The differences between the area in the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D scan data and that in the 3D scan surface data for standing and cycling postures were very small($-10.34cm^2$(-0.32%) and $-44.33cm^2$(-1.32%)).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.269-288
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• 2007

"표유부(標幽賦)"포라료침구경락적기본이론화자오유주침법(包羅了鍼灸經絡的基本理論和子午流注鍼法) 유주팔법등침구임상이론(流注八法等鍼灸臨床理論), 역우기송(易于기송), 통과대차(通過對此)"표유부(標幽賦)"급역대주석가대(及歷代注釋家對) "표유부(標幽賦)" 주석적연구(注釋的硏究). 금득출여하결론(今得出如下結論): 1. "표유부(標幽賦)"중출현적두한경적학술사상(中出現的竇漢卿的學術思想), 시재계승(是在계承)"내경(內經)"화(和)"난경(難經)"적침구학(的鍼灸學), 이론적기본상(理論的基本上), 진일보발전이성적(進一步發展而成的). 대후세침구학적발전산생료중요적영향(對後世鍼灸學的發展産生了重要的影響). 2. 유우폐경적경기유운문혈수출(由于肺經的經氣由雲門穴輸出), 연경락순행체표(沿經絡循行體表), 우시사운문혈구유료통경행기적주치작용(于是使雲門穴具有了通經行氣的主治作用), 고이불설'혈출중부'(故而不說'穴出中府'), 이제출'혈출운문'(而提出'穴出雲門'), 저시두한경재침구이론방면적독도지외(抵是竇漢卿在鍼灸理論方面的獨到之外). 3. 소우침구보사(소于鍼灸補瀉), 인위수지보사법적작용중우호흡보사(인위手指補瀉法的作用重于呼吸補瀉), 제시료순(提示了循), 문, 제(堤), 안(按), 탄(彈), 염, 차, 반(盤), 추, 내(內), 동(動), 요(搖), 조(爪), 절적십사종침자보사수법(切的十四종鍼刺보瀉手法). 4. 제출침자전요관찰확인침구유무이상손상(提出鍼刺前要觀察確인鍼具有无이常損상), 시침전요냉침온난(施鍼前要냉鍼온暖), 시침시요예방절침화피부근육적손상(施鍼時要預防折鍼和皮膚筋肉的損傷), 제출좌수당중이다안침혈(提出左手當重而多按鍼穴), 우수경이서서염전자입적수법(右手경而徐徐捻轉자入的手法), 인위사용쌍수진침위호(인위使用쌍手進鍼위好). 5. 호침가관통경락기혈운행적통로(毫鍼可관通經絡氣血運行的通路), 여오행상응(與五行相應), 인이가평오장지한열(因而可平五臟之寒熱), 가조육부지허실(可調六腑之虛實), 유견사부정지공(有견邪扶正之功), 재구침중응용최위광범(在九鍼中응用最위광泛). 6. 제출침자시요관찰본신(提出鍼刺時要관察本神), 대우'본신'구체가간주시환자적'맥기'화'혈기'(對于'本神'具체可看做是患者的'脈氣'和'穴氣'), 종대적방면간가간주시환자적정신(종大的方面看可看做是患者的精神). 7. 제시료참조전후좌우지혈정확취혈적방법(提示了參照前後左右之血正確取穴的方法), 여참조주변경락확정경락적방법(여參照周邊經絡確定經絡的方法), 병강조요준조골도분촌화굴신수족관절적방법취혈재능취혈정확(병强調要遵照骨度分寸和屈伸手足關節的方法取穴才能取穴正確). 8. 소우두면오관(소于頭面五官).인후경항(咽喉頸項).흉복부(胸腹部), 요배부(腰背部), 부인(婦人) 소아(小兒) 사지등질환(四肢等疾患), 개소료침구치료적경험화심득(介沼了療鍼灸治療的經驗和心得), 제시료자오유주축일안시개혈침법여영구팔법등안시취혈침법(提示了子午流注逐日按時開穴鍼法여靈驅八法等按時取穴鍼法), 성위후세각종안시개혈침법적기초(成위後世各種按時開穴鍼法的基초).

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 1987

Employing the approach to isolate the genes expressed preferentially in cytolytic T cell (CTL) but not in other types of cell, 3 CTL-specific cDNAs were recently cloned. To characterize these cDNA clones in relation to CTL activation, their expression pattern after T cell antigen receptor (TCR) or interleukin 2 (IL-2) stimulation were investigated by RNA blot analysis of cloned CTL L3 cells. Transcripts level of two cDNA clones were markedly elevated by TCR stimulation but not by IL-2. In addition, transcripts expression of both clones were abrogated by cyclosporin A treatment. These results indicated that gene activation mediated by TCR is distinct from that mediated by IL-2 and imply that those two unidentified cDNA clones are related to TCR-mediated, IL-2-independent but cyclosporin A-sensitive pathway for CTL activation.