• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.875-882
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• 2011

In the present study, the imbalance in the axial-thrust and variation in the volumetric efficiency that occurred during the trimming of impeller diameter were investigated. The present study was focused on low-specific-speed multistage centrifugal pumps with a balancing piston as the balancing mechanism. The effects of impeller trimming on the axial-thrust balance in multistage pumps with horizontal and vertical axes were compared. The results showed that impeller trimming resulted in an additional axial-thrust acting in direction of pump inlet. The axial-thrust imbalance due to impeller trimming was more severe in the vertical-axis pumps than in the horizontal-axis pumps. The rate of increase in the diameter of the balancing piston, which was proportional to the rate of impeller trimming, was evaluated to maintain the axial-thrust balance. Furthermore, a simultaneous increase in the piston length and piston diameter was more effective for reducing the axial-thrust imbalance along with the volumetric efficiency drop.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

The attenuation of acoustic emission (AE) waves was evaluated for injection-molded short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites employing simulated AE waves. Values of attenuation coefficient (${\alpha}$) decreased more with increasing fiber volume fraction ($V_f$) than that expected from a simple linear relation between ${\alpha}$ and $V_f$. The effect of wave attenuation was taken into account in a quantitative analysis of the AE peak amplitude distribution which was obtained from each zone partitioned in a specimen gage portion. The amplitude distribution compensated for the measured attenuation loss was exhibited almost similar in every zone of the specimen. Consequently, it was, shown that the AE amplitudes obtained from fiber/plastic composites were considerably affected by the attenuation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2017

This research focuses on simulation and visualization of flow field characteristics inside a centrifugal pump. The 3D numerical analysis was carried out by using a numerical CFD tool, addressing a Reynolds Average Navier-Stock code with a standard k-${\varepsilon}$ two-equation turbulence model. The simulation accounts for friction head loss due to rough walls at suction, impeller, discharge areas and volumetric head loss at impeller wear ring. A comparison of performance curves between simulation and experimentation is included, and it reveals a same trend of those results with a small difference of maximum 5 %. At best efficiency point, velocity vectors are smooth but it changes significantly under off-design point, a strong recirculation appears at the outlet of impeller passages near tongue area. A relatively uniform preassure distribution was observed around the impeller in despite of the tongue. Within the volute, because of its geometry, spiral vortexes formed, proving that the flow field in this region was relatively turbulent and unsteady.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

Rebound, storage and loss modulus, and tan ${\delta}$ were investigated on cured rubbers with various ratios of sulfur to accelerator and the volume fraction of carbon black in the cured rubbers. The rebound was increased as the sulfur to accelerator ratio and the volume fraction of carbon black decreased. The storage modulus decreased as the loading of carbon black and the strain increased regardless of the cure systems. The network structure formed by filler-filler interaction was destroyed above 6% strain regardless of the loading of carbon black, because constant storage modulus was shown at the higher strain than 3% for $40{\sim}50phr$ loading of carbon black and at the higher strain than 6% for 60 phr and above loading of carbon black. Little effect on loss modulus was found at the low loading of carbon black, but the peak of loss modulus was shown at 1% strain as the loading of carbon black was increased. Tan ${\delta}$ increased as the loading of carbon black and the strain were increased regardless of the cure system, and maximum tan ${\delta}$ was shown at 2% strain regardless of the loading of carbon black.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

In recent years, packed column has been widely used in separation processes, such as absorption, desorption, distillation, and extraction, in the petrochemical, fine chemistry, and environmental industries. Packed column is used as a contacting facility for gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems filled with random packed materials in the column. Packed column has various advantages such as low pressure drop, economical efficiency, thermally sensitive liquids, easy repairing restoration, and noxious gas treatment. The performance of a packed column is highly dependent on the maintenance of good gas and liquid distribution throughout a packed bed; thus, this is an important consideration in a design of packed column. In this study, hydraulic pressure drop, hold-up as a function of liquid load, and mass transfer in the air, air/water, and air-NH₃/water systems were studied to find the geometrical characteristic for raschig super-ring experiment dry pressure drop. Based on the results, design factors and operating conditions to handle noxious gases were obtained. The dry pressure drop of the random packing raschig super-ring was linearly increased as a function of gas capacity factor with various liquid loads in the Air/Water system. This result is lower than that of 35 mm Pall-ring, which is most commonly used in the industrial field. Also, it can be found that the hydraulic pressure drop of raschig super-ring is consistently increased by gas capacity factor with various liquid loads. When gas capacity factor with various liquid loads is increased from 1.855 to 2.323 kg^-1/2 m^-1/2 S^-1, hydraulic pressure drop increases around 17%. Finally, the liquid hold-up related to packing volume, which is a parameter of specific liquid load depending on gas capacity factor, shows consistent increase by around 3.84 kg^-1/2 m^-1/2 S^-1 of the gas capacity factor. However, liquid hold-up significantly increases above it.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.103-118
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• 1994

The rapid motion of granular material is microscopically observed, and investigated by continuum theory. From the binary collision phenomenon two different times are introduced : flying time and contact time. The former says the non -stationary motion and at a same time the variation of bulk volume. The latter is operative by a delayed time during the contact and describes the elastic properties of granular material. With both times a dynamic constitutive equation is postulated for four state variables : dispersive pressure, viscosity, thermal diffusivity and energy annihilation rate. The balance laws of mass, momentum and energy which are represented through above four variabls, are applied to the model, in which due to the elastic property the relaxation and energy absorption are explained.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

This paper presents an analysis of the wave propagation in cross-type tunnels using the finite volume time domain (FVTD) method. Because the FVTD method is based on the volume intergrations of themaxwell's equations with respected to arbitrary shaped small polyhedron cells and the fields at every center point of the cells ar eassigned in a average fashion, the method can handle arbitrary boundary problems with inhomogeneous media. In this paper, the wave propagation in cross-type tunnels has been analyzed using the fVTD method with the PML (perfectly matched layer) absorbing bundary conditons, and the numerical results are verified with a set of experimental data.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to develop the model of pressure drop per unit pipe length due to the turbulence modulations in particle-laden flows which can be applied to various fluid conditions. The wake behind a particle, particle size, loading ratio and density difference between two phases of particle-laden flow was considered. The frictional pressure drop was modeled with the force balance in control volume. The numerical results show good agreements with available experimental data and the model success-fully predicted the mechanism of the pressure drop in particle-laden flows.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 1986

점차 엄격해지는 요구조건을 만족시켜 주기 위해서는 승용차용 엔진의 실제특성과 운전특성을 지 배하는 설계변수의 조절은 불가피하며, 그중에서도 엔진의 핵심부인 연소질의 설계는 가장 중요 하다. 부분 부하에서의 SI기관의 연료경제성을 향상시키는 가장 좋은 방법이 압축비를 상승시 키는 것이므로, 앞으로의 여소실은 고압축비에서도 옥탄가가 높은 연료를 요구하는 성향을 낮 추는 특성을 갖고 있어야 한다. 새로운 엔진의 향상을 최적화하기 위하여는 quench area의 크 기와 위치 그리고 적절한 quench distance의 성질이 중요하며, 또한 연소실의 소형화, 스파크 플러크의 위치, 표면적/체적의 비 그리고 화염전파거리등도 고려에 넣어야 한다. 승용차용 엔진의 요구조건은 연소실을 피스톤 크라운에 위치시키는 용이한 방법을 통하여 해결될 수 있으며, 이 러한 형상의 연소실은 실린더 헤드에 장치한 연소실과 비교하여 다음과 같은 장점을 갖고 있다. - 스파크 플러그 주변에 연소실을 배치하기 쉽다. - 연소실 내에 quench area의 설정이 자유롭다. - 연소실 layout의 개조없이 압축비의 설정이 자유롭다. - 연소실의 조합이 간단하다. - 실린더벽으로의 열손실이 감소되어 열효율이 증대된다. - 공연비의 희박가능한계가 크다. - EGR성능이 향상되어 NOx 의 배출과 연료소비율이 감소된다. - 필요하다면 연소실실 또는 직접분사식 Diesel 기관으로서의 개조가 간단하다. 만약 생산단가가 크게 상승하지 않는다면, NOx의 배출과 연료소비율이 작으면서도, 비출력이 큰 4-밸브 연소실이 실용화 될 전망이다.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1987

내연기관 연구에 전념하는 모든 사람들의 한결같은 3대 염원은 연비향상, 비출력증대 및 유해 배기가스 성분 감소이다. 이중 비과급 가솔린 기관의 경우 비출력 증대를 위한 4-stroke cycle 엔진에서의 여구는 현지까지 헤아릴 수 없이 많은 연구가 진행되어 발전의 한계에 도달한 느낌 이다. 따라서 이의 실질적인 증대는 시각을 달리하여 2-stroke cycle로의 전환으로서만 가능하리 라 본다. 2-stroke 엔진은 원래 이목적으로 고안된 것이라는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 그러나 이 장치가 비출력면에서 효과적인 가솔린엔진의 경우에서도 현재까지 별로 각광을 받지 못한 것은 다음과 같은 몇가지 두드러진 이유 때문이라고 본다. 첫째 흡입연료의 일부가 소기(scavenging) 과정에서 배기공으로 곧바로 유출됨으로 배기 공해성분을 증가시키고 연료손실에 따른 연비저감 을 초래하는 것이다. 둘째로 crankcase 소기를 이용하는 소형가솔린 2-stroke 엔진에서는 새 공 기의 흡입이 충분치 못하여 일방적으로 높지 않은 소기효율을 고려한 최종 흡입 체적효율은 상당 히 낮아지게 됨으로써 목적하는바의 비출력 증대의 득을 별로 얻지 못함은 물론 잔류가스율이 높아 저부하, 저속도에서 엔진의 구동이 손조롭지 못ㅎ하고 시동이 어려워지는 특성을 나타나게 된다. 따라서 이러한 바람직하지 못한 결과를 감수할 수 있는 경우에는 소형원동기에 주로 2-stroke 가솔린 엔진이 이용되어 왔다. 요사이 이러한 약점들을 타개할 수 있는 고안들이 미국 SAE지에 소개되어 관심을 끌고 있어 이에 대해 요저먹으로 소개하고자 한다.