• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

In this paper, we designed a new enzyme function prediction model PSCREM based on a study that compared and evaluated CNN and LSTM/GRU models, which are the most widely used deep learning models in the field of predicting functions and structures using protein sequences in 2020, under the same conditions. Sequence evolution information was used to preserve detailed patterns which would miss in CNN convolution, and the relationship information between amino acids with functional significance was extracted through overlapping RNNs. It was referenced to feature map production. The RNN family of algorithms used in small CNN-RNN models are LSTM algorithms and GRU algorithms, which are usually stacked two to three times over 100 units, but in this paper, small RNNs consisting of 10 and 20 units are overlapped. The model used the PSSM profile, which is transformed from protein sequence data. The experiment proved 86.4% the performance for the problem of predicting the main classes of enzyme number, and it was confirmed that the performance was 84.4% accurate up to the sub-sub classes of enzyme number. Thus, PSCREM better identifies unique patterns related to protein function through overlapped RNN, and Overlapped RNN is proposed as a novel methodology for protein function and structure prediction extraction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.103-109
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a smart wall switch based on IEEE 802.11b/g/n standard 2.4GHz band communication. As the 4th industrial era evolves, smart home solution development is actively underway, and application cases for smart wall switches are increasing. Most of the Chinese products that preoccupy the market through price competitiveness use Bluetooth and Zigbee communication switches. However, while ZigBee communication is low power, communication speed is slower than Bluetooth and network configuration through a separate hub is additionally required. The Bluetooth method has problems in that the communication range and speed are lower than Wi-Fi communication, the communication standby time is relatively long, and security is weak. In this study, an IEEE 802.11b/g/n smart wall switch applied with Wi-Fi communication technology was developed. In addition, through the two-wire structure, it is designed so that no additional cost is incurred through the construction of a separate neutral line in the building. The result of the study is more than 30% cheaper than the existing wall switch, so it is judged that it will be able to preoccupy the market not only in terms of technological competitiveness but also price competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.125-159
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• 2020

Amid global pandemic of covid-19, Korean government's response has drawn wide attention among social scientists as well as medical studies. The role of Korean state and civil society has attracted particular attention among others. Yet, this paper criticizes extant studies on Korean case which focus on the extensive intervention of the strong state and subjective attitude of Korean citizens in coping with covid-19. The concept of the strong state lacks social scientific specification and subjective citizens do not match with Korean realities. This article argues that Korean state's capacity in collecting and mobilizing digital data may offer better understanding for the successful responses to the pandemic. First, Korean state is the ultimate coordinator in collecting, analyzing and applying big data about the expansion of covid-19 with its huge network of dataveillance. Also, such role has been largely based upon relevant legal framework and well prepared manuals and cooperation with civic actors and companies. In other words, Korean digital dataveillance had demonstrated its transparency and cooperative governance. Second, such dataveillance capacity has deep roots in the long-term development of Korean state's big data management. Korean state has evolved about thirty years while enhancing digital data network within governments, companies and private sectors. Third, the relationship between Korean state's dataveillance and civil society can be characterized as a state centered push model. This model demonstrates highly effective governmental responses to covid-19 crisis but fall short of building social consensus in balancing individual freedom, human rights and effective containment policies. It means communitarian solidarity among citizens has not been a major factor in Korea's successful response yet.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.953-964
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• 2023

Climate change is undeniably the most urgent challenge that humanity faces today. Despite this, the level of public awareness and understanding of climate change remains insufficient, indicating a need for more proactive education and the development of supportive content. In particular, it is crucial to intensify climate change education during elementary and secondary schooling when values and ethical consciousness begin to form. However, there is a significant lack of age-appropriate, experiential educational content. To address this, our study has developed an innovative 3D simulator, enabling learners to indirectly experience the effects of climate change, specifically sea-level rise. This simulator considers not only sea-level rise caused by climate change but also storm surges, which is a design based on the analysis of long-term wave observation big data. To make the simulator accessible and engaging for students, we utilized the 'Unity' game engine. We further propose using this simulator as a part of a comprehensive educational program on climate change.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2024

Although industrial control systems (ICSs) recently keep evolving with the introduction of Industrial IoT converging information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), it also leads to a variety of threats and vulnerabilities, which was not experienced in the past ICS with no connection to the external network. Since various control command messages are sent to field devices of the ICS for the purpose of monitoring and controlling the operational processes, it is required to guarantee the message integrity as well as control center authentication. In case of the conventional message integrity codes and signature schemes based on symmetric keys and public keys, respectively, they are not suitable considering the asymmetry between the control center and field devices. Especially, compromised node attacks can be mounted against the symmetric-key-based schemes. In this paper, we propose message authentication scheme based on double hash chains constructed from cryptographic hash function without introducing other primitives, and then propose extension scheme using Merkle tree for multiple uses of the double hash chains. It is shown that the proposed scheme is much more efficient in computational complexity than other conventional schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

This study is a reinterpretation of characteristics of public space in contemporary cities with a view to liminal space. The conditions of pubic space now cannot be captured through the existing discourses of publicness, and public space. The basic premise of the study is that the idea of liminal space or liminality is useful to grasp the fluid and hybrid attribute of public space in contemporary cities. Liminal space, originally from anthropological studies, is the intermingled stage between two realms and the sustained period of the ritual. The idea has been widely used for various cultural phenomenon and spatial experiences. A literature review on public space and liminal space was carried out. Cases pertaining to public space with a view to liminal space were examined and discussed in detail. Through the careful reading of several public spaces with an angle toward liminal space, the new perspective toward public space will be drawn out. First, we need to emphasize the fluid spectrum of public space rather than the serial stage such as the public, the semi-public, the semi-private, and the private. Second, the idea will contribute to understanding the flexible state depending upon time. What we can learn from case studies is the volatile characteristics in public space as a common phenomenon support its vitality. This interpretation will contribute to the perception of a new horizon of public space. The nature of public space is unpredictable and free. In reality, the spectrum of public space will expand and fluctuate. Ironically, public space can be vitalized through enhancing and activating the private space. The intimate and complicated interface between the two realms is a key issue. The boundary of public space might be redefined to embrace the flexible the fragile nature of changing public space. These research implications will guide the thoughtful design and management of pubic space.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2002

There have been many studies on the application of the reciprocal advantages of multimodality image to define accurate target volume in the Process of radiation treatment planning. For the proper use of the multimodality images, the registration works between different modality images should be performed in advance. In this study, we selected chamfer matching method and mutual information method as most popular methods in recent image registration studies considering the registration accuracy and clinical practicality. And the two registration methods were analyzed to deduce the optimal registration method according to the characteristics of images. Lung phantom of which multimodality images could be acquired was fabricated and CT, MRI and SPECT images of the phantom were used in this study. We developed the registration program which can perform the two registration methods properly and analyzed the registration results which were produced by the developed program in many different images' conditions. Although the overall accuracy of the registration in both chamfer matching method and mutual information method was acceptable, the registration errors in SPECT images which had lower resolution and in degraded images of which data were removed in some part were increased when chamfer matching method was applied. Especially in the case of degraded reference image, chamfer matching methods produce relatively large errors compared with mutual information method. Mutual information method can be estimated as more robust registration method than chamfer matching method in this study because it did not need the prerequisite works, the extraction of accurate contour points, and it produced more accurate registration results consistently regardless of the images' characteristics. The analysis of the registration methods in this study can be expected to provide useful information to the utilization of multimodality images in delineating target volume for radiation treatment planning and in many other clinical applications.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.102-116
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• 2006

Electronic catalogs (or e-catalogs) hold information about the goods and services offered or requested by the participants, and consequently, form the basis of an e-commerce transaction. Catalog management is complicated by a number of factors and product classification is at the core of these issues. Classification hierarchy is used for spend analysis, custom3 regulation, and product identification. Classification is the foundation on which product databases are designed, and plays a central role in almost all aspects of management and use of product information. However, product classification has received little formal treatment in terms of underlying model, operations, and semantics. We believe that the lack of a logical model for classification Introduces a number of problems not only for the classification itself but also for the product database in general. It needs to meet diverse user views to support efficient and convenient use of product information. It needs to be changed and evolved very often without breaking consistency in the cases of introduction of new products, extinction of existing products, class reorganization, and class specialization. It also needs to be merged and mapped with other classification schemes without information loss when B2B transactions occur. For these requirements, a classification scheme should be so dynamic that it takes in them within right time and cost. The existing classification schemes widely used today such as UNSPSC and eClass, however, have a lot of limitations to meet these requirements for dynamic features of classification. In this paper, we try to understand what it means to classify products and present how best to represent classification schemes so as to capture the semantics behind the classifications and facilitate mappings between them. Product information implies a plenty of semantics such as class attributes like material, time, place, etc., and integrity constraints. In this paper, we analyze the dynamic features of product databases and the limitation of existing code based classification schemes. And describe the semantic classification model, which satisfies the requirements for dynamic features oi product databases. It provides a means to explicitly and formally express more semantics for product classes and organizes class relationships into a graph. We believe the model proposed in this paper satisfies the requirements and challenges that have been raised by previous works.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.187-209
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to highlight the necessity of a conceptual reestablishment of world university evaluations. The hitherto most well-known and validated world university evaluation systems such as Times Higher Education (THE), Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) or Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) primarily assess big universities with quantitative evaluation indicators and performance results in the rankings. Those Systems have instigated a kind of elitism in higher education and neglect numerous small or local institutions of higher education, instead of providing stakeholders with comprehensive information about the real possibilities of tertiary education so that they can choose an institution that is individually tailored to their needs. Also, the management boards of universities and policymakers in higher education have partly been manipulated by and partly taken advantage of the elitist ranking systems with an economic emphasis, as indicated by research-centered evaluations and industry-university cooperation. To supplement such educational defects and to redress the lack of world university evaluation systems, a new system called 'U-Multirank' has been implemented with the financial support of the European Commission since 2012. U-Multirank was designed and is enforced by an international team of project experts led by CHE(Centre for Higher Education/Germany), CHEPS(Center for Higher Education Policy Studies/Netherlands) and CWTS(Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University/Netherlands). The significant features of U-Multirank, compared with e.g., THE and ARWU, are its qualitative, multidimensional, user-oriented and individualized assessment methods. Above all, its website and its assessment results, based on a mobile operating system and designed simply for international users, present a self-organized and evolutionary model of world university evaluation systems in the digital and global era. To estimate the universal validity of the redefinition of the world university evaluation system using U-Multirank, an epistemological approach will be used that relies on Edgar Morin's Complexity Theory and Karl Popper's Philosophy of Science.