• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.572-587
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• 2008

The Self-organizing Feature Map(SOFM) that is one of unsupervised neural networks is a very powerful tool for data clustering and visualization in high-dimensional data sets. Although the SOFM has been applied in many engineering problems, it needs to cluster similar weights into one class on the trained SOFM as a post-processing, which is manually performed in many cases. The traditional clustering algorithms, such as t-means, on the trained SOFM however do not yield satisfactory results, especially when clusters have arbitrary shapes. This paper proposes automatic clustering on trained SOFM, which can deal with arbitrary cluster shapes and be globally optimized by graph cuts. When using the graph cuts, the graph must have two additional vertices, called terminals, and weights between the terminals and vertices of the graph are generally set based on data manually obtained by users. The Proposed method automatically sets the weights based on mode-seeking on a distance matrix. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in texture segmentation. In the experimental results, the proposed method improved precision rates compared with previous traditional clustering algorithm, as the method can deal with arbitrary cluster shapes based on the graph-theoretic clustering.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.437-446
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• 2012

A face detection algorithms using two-dimensional (2-D) intensity or color images have been studied for decades. Recently, with the development of low-cost range sensor, three-dimensional (3-D) information (i.e., depth image that represents the distance between a camera and objects) can be easily used to reliably extract facial features. Most people have a similar pattern of 3-D facial structure. This paper proposes a face detection method using intensity and depth images. At first, adaboost algorithm using intensity image classifies face and nonface candidate regions. Each candidate region is divided into $5{\times}5$ blocks and depth values are averaged in each block. Then, $5{\times}5$ block rank pattern is constructed by sorting block averages of depth values. Finally, candidate regions are classified as face and nonface regions by matching the constructed depth map based block rank patterns and a template pattern that is generated from training data set. For template matching, the $5{\times}5$ template block rank pattern is prior constructed by averaging block ranks using training data set. The proposed algorithm is tested on real images obtained by Kinect range sensor. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively eliminates most false positives with true positives well preserved.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.658-670
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• 2018

Busan Citizen Park has been taken as the research object in this paper to learn about the categories and types of resting facilities such as seats and Pergolas in the park and analyze the visitors' use patterns of bench and Pergolas. In addition, the analysis of the cultural features and preferences of bench and Pergolas will provide the basic data for the future design of resting facilities. After the research on the categories and types of bench and Pergolas and the evaluation factors through literature surveys, the type, location, and number of resting facilities including bench, Pergolas, sheds, etc. in the entire park have been investigated through field surveys. In addition, the behavioral map analysis has been created through the observation of the use patterns of bench and Pergolas in the morning and afternoon of each month, and the degree of preference and satisfaction of park bench and Pergolas has been grasped through questionnaires. The research results are as follows. Among the ten types of bench and Pergolas, the citizens like the mats and awnings + mats best. The environment is the most important factor for the mats with highest score, followed by the functional and regional factors. In addition, various activities such as eating in mats and sheds that block sunlight are Korean use patterns, which is very common in Korean daily life. These results show that bench and Pergolas in urban parks are not placed arbitrarily and the layout and design of bench and Pergolas should be completed based on behavior and preferences, which are influenced by cultural characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.490-499
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• 2017

In recent years, the introduction of complex systems analysis based on various variables has become more active in order to identify and analyze complex problems of Modern Society. Prediction of patients' spatial perception and usability according to the spatial arrangement of the outpatient department is a very important factor for providing high quality hospital service. For objective analysis, the standard program procedure and analysis index for the diseases of the elderly were prepared and the uniformity of the atmospheric space was evaluated through heat map analysis and quantitative analysis. In this study, 73 cells were installed and simulated to analyze the uniformity of the four alternatives according to the change of the arrangement of the medical care space, receiving space, and consultation space using the complex system analysis method for the nursing hospitals. The resulting density was derived. The results are as follows. 1)The layout of the reception space has the greatest influence on the total spatial density of the waiting space. 2) The uniformity of the waiting space can be increased by separating the examination space and the examination space. 3)The closer the location of the receiving space is from the entrance, the greater the density of the waiting space. Finally, this study applied discrete event simulation to the evaluation of uniformity of atmosphere space, and proved that the actor - based model can be utilized for utilization and evaluation as spatial analysis methodology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

This paper describes new communication methods for transmitting torque commands between the vehicle controller that determines the amount of power generation in a range-extended electric vehicle and the engine controller that performs it. Generally, vehicles use CAN communication, but in this case, the hardware and software of the existing engine controller must be modified. For this reason, it is not easy to apply CAN communication to small and medium sized automotive reorganize companies. Therefore, this research presents a pin-pin communication method for applying the existing mass produced engine controller to range-extended electric vehicles. The pin-pin communication method converts the driver's demand torque control map inside an mass produced engine controller into a virtual accelerator opening position according to the target speed and target torque of the engine, and converts this to a voltage signal for the existing mass produced engine controller to recognize it. The virtual accelerator opening positions are mounted in the form of a control map in the vehicle controller through the reverse conversion process in an offline environment and are determined by the engine generating power requirements and engine optimal operating point algorithm. These algorithms and signal conversion circuits for engine torque transmission have been mounted on the vehicle controller to conduct the virtual accelerator opening position conversion process according to the engine target torque and to establish the virtual accelerator voltage signal using the signal converter.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.246-254
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• 2007

As for comics and animation, the specific gravity came to become still larger in all the art fields together with the importance in various image media now which is useful and goes the time of the 21st century new media. Especially the demand of users to the vision culture which develops day by day, Sensitivity Engineering Department is trying to realize the necessity for a sensitivity design acutely together. The influence of the comics which have toxicity most also in Japanese culture in a geographical position like South Korea on it, and animation is the actual condition in the reason which has reached from youth universally to the layer for years, to be inquired systematic to a Korean comics language. This research was conducted as we thought sufficient study on various situations are required, and among them for the research of expressions of cartoons's characters, we've divided the expressions of characters that comes out in Japanese cartoons into categories of 'happiness, anger, sadness, pleasure' and 'fear, astonishment and dislike' and based on these categories, we've drawn out the minimum elements to express emotions in cartoon and prepared image-map by relating them with languages that express emotions of people and based on this, we've made a calculating tools on how our readers would recognize the expression languages. Samples of Japanese cartoons of which we've chosen for the purpose of drawing out the elements of expressions were limited to only published cartoons and we've made a foot steps for expression analysis of animation characters in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.400-409
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• 2016

The geospatial information industry has the advantage of being able to converge with other industries to create new value. Therefore, efforts are underway to promote the growth of this dwindling national industry by endorsing policies and initiatives to promote its convergence with other industries. In this study, feedback was collected from experts in various fields through three rounds of polls using the Delphi method. The poll results were used to investigate the causes of hindrance to the growth of the geospatial information industry and to build a comprehensive solution to this problem. As a result, 27 strategies were constructed based on the users' requirements related to policy, data and service, including the demands for establishing public polling methods, enhancing data quality and advertisement. Since the coefficient of variance fell between 0.11 and 0.20 in the importance evaluation, an amicable consensus was reached between the experts. Considering that the convergence of industries is achieved through the integration of various types of technology and information, it is important to consider the requirements of users in different industries. In this respect, the results of this study will serve as a useful base for constructing mid-to-long term road maps to promote the development of the geospatial information industry.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.262-276
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• 2001

Recently much research for developing forwarding table that support fast router without employing both special hardware and new protocols. This article introduces a new forwarding data structure based on the software to enable forwarding lookup to be penormed at giga-bit speed. The forwarding table is known as a bottleneck of the routers penormance due to its high complexity proportional to the forwarding table size. The recent research that based on the software uses a Patricia trie and its variants. and also uses a hash function with prefix length key and others. The proposed forwarding table structure construct a forwarding table by the bit stream array in which it constructs trie from routing table prefix entries and it represents each pointer pointing the child node and the associated forwarding table entry with one bit The trie structure and routing prefix pointer need a large memory when representing those by linked-list or array. but in the proposed data structure, the needed memory size is small enough since it represents information with one bit. Additionally, by use a lookup method that start searching at desired middle level we can shorten the search path. The introduced data structure. called bit-map trie shows that we can implement a fast forwarding engine on the conventional Pentium processor by reducing the backbone routing table fits into Level 2 cache of Pentium II processor and shortens the searching path. Our experiments to evaluate the performance of proposed method show that this bit-map trie accomplishes 5.7 million lookups per second.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2251-2259
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• 2009

We propose an algorithm and system which generates 3D stereo image by composition of 2D image from 4 multiple clusters which 1 cluster was composed of 4 multiple cameras based on network. Proposed Schemes have a network-based client-server architecture for load balancing of system caused to process a large amounts of data with real-time as well as multiple cluster environments. In addition, we make use of JPEG compression and RAM disk method for better performance. Our scheme first converts input images from 4 channel, 16 cameras to binary image. And then we generate 3D stereo images after applying edge detection algorithm such as Sobel algorithm and Prewiit algorithm used to get disparities from images of 16 multiple cameras. With respect of performance results, the proposed scheme takes about 0.05 sec. to transfer image from client to server as well as 0.84 to generate 3D stereo images after composing 2D images from 16 multiple cameras. We finally confirm that our scheme is efficient to generate 3D stereo images in multiple view and multiple clusters environments with real-time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.469-477
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• 2017

Cloud computing is an IT resource providing technology to various users by using virtualization technology. Newly updated spatial information may not be used by other organizations since management authorities are dispersed for Korean public spatial information. Further, the national budget is wasted since each organization independently implements renewable GIS analysis function. These problems can be solved by applying cloud service. However, research related to the application of cloud service to Korea spatial information system has been proposed in the technology development direction, and no detailed development plan has been proposed. In this paper, we deal with the establishment of a technology development plan for national spatial information infrastructure cloud service. First, we deduct the implication to derive the technology development goals by analyzing the political and technical environment. Second, technology and critical technology elements are derived to achieve the goals of the specialist's analysis based on the evaluation elements. As a result, thirteen critical technology elements are derived. Finally, thirty-one research activities, which comprise the critical technology elements, are defined. Critical technology elements and research activities derived in this research will be used for the generation of a technology development road-map.