• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

Recently, wetland and paddy wetland are being highlighted as the international environmental issues. However, research system which can assess paddy wetland is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the value of paddy wetland by applying RAM to paddy wetland. In addition, we would like to use this study as the data to establish assessment method for paddy wetland. 16 sites were selected as research targets based on altitude and soil. As the results of wetland assessment, 16 research target sites had total score of 212~227 and the average of 2.17~2.50. It was similar to those of Lacustrine Wetlands, Palustrine Wetland and Riverine Wetland which were sites in previous studies. The value could be recognized as the wetland. However, there was no difference in assessment results based on altitude and soil. It was found that all conservation values were the same. The factor the most closely affecting conservation value was the area. However, there was limitation to apply existing wetland assessment system to paddy wetland. In order to assess paddy wetland, factors such as rice farming methods, topography, vegetation, growth environment and biodiversity should be added. It was thought to supplement wetland assessment system through various further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2011

We investigated the location and surveillance system of fortress using inter-visibility analysis between fortress and the capital of the Silla Dynasty. The digital terrain model(DTM) was generated with $10{\times}10m$ grid in Arcview 3.2. Then three fortresses lines(Myeonghwal-sanseong, Namsan-shinseong, Seohyeong-sanseong) were superimposed on the DTM. 4 results of this study were drew out from the cumulative visibility analysis. First, the most of fortress lines which showed the high visible frequency from the Sila-Capital(538 viewpoints) have a good aspect toward the capital. It means that 3 fortresses secured the visibility to the capital. Second, the cumulative visibility analysis from 3 fortresses generated evenly distributed visible frequency across the inside of fortress. It shows that the inner area of fortress is more advantageous to command during the war. On the contrary, a number of invisible(vulnerable) regions which is scattered on the outside were supplemented by adjacent fortress. Third, the north area of the Sila-captial showed the highest visible frequency generated by sum up the visibility from 3 fortresses. The northern captial is placed within 4km distance easy to support at the Myeonghwal and Seohyeong-sanseong. We proved that the Sila-capital had organized a solid surveillance system by 3 fortresses. Fourth, we could infer the practical process of fortress layout from comparing a cumulative visibility map. For the secure of visibility and defense systems, the fortress line would form a rising shape to the peak. This practical location theory can replace the vague common location theory that the fortress would constructed on two thirds of mountain height. It will be an empirical method in the ancient remains research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 2012

This study centering on 10 village - Bangjuks analyzed multifunctionality value of village Bangjuks which have been main water treatment system in Korean traditional villages. On the basis of understanding the structure and character of components such as the well, common spring, village waterway and others which making water-flow and consisting of aquatic system in Korean traditional village Bangjuk, the conclusion as the instrumental device of social and ecological role and ecological watershed management, securing the ecosystem soundness of the damaged or deteriated aquatic ecosystem due to the industrialization and urbanization is as below; 1. The traditional village Bangjuk was environmentally friendly hydraulic system which gathers waterways of village into a point including sewage water, retains and flows out to village through agricultural waterway. Through this Bangjuk, they have managed sewage and rainfall runoff flowed out village efficiently. It is not only a detention system of water but a kind of eco-friendly system that flow out water into the rivers after reusing and filtering it. 2. Around five traditional villages and five villages after modernization, this study classified the types of village Bangjuk as three types considering geographic location, size, etc; marsh type of low swamp, high water -low rice field type of natural flow stucture, low water - high rice field type requiring artificial irrigation facility. All the five traditional villages were turned out to be marsh type of low swamp. Geoji, Sanjeri, Ma-am, Yangchon of the agricultural villages were high water-low rice filed type, and Sangchoenri village was classified low water-high rice field type. 3. This study checked up the function of water purification of village Bangjuk. In Wonteo and Geji villages affected by discharge of village sewer and domestic sewage, the efficiency of ammonia nitrogen($NH_3-N$) and total phosphorus(T-P) was 56~95%, which was high. In Sangcheonri and Sanjeri villages strongly affected by stall and farmland, the efficiency of suspended solids(SS) was 70~85%, and that of total nitrogen(T-N) and total phosphorus(T-P) was 5.3~65%. 4. A water purification system can be found out in the system of village Bangjuk that filter out village sewage and rainfall runoff flowed through the settle and filter of pollution source and denitrification of plants. Through this system of village Bangjuk, it must be used as the basic facilities for the ecological watershed management. The sewage management system of village Bangjuk as a eco-filter must be used and studied as an eco-friendly facility for the ecological watershed management around the subwatershed and catchment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.168-182
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to examine the production processes and methods of "Forest Type Map Actualization Production (Database (DB) Construction Work Manual)" (Work Manual) identify issues associated with the production processes and methods, and suggest solutions for them by applying evaluation items to a 1:5k digital forest type map. The evaluation items applied to a forest type map were divided into zoning and attributes, and the issues associated with the production processes and methods of Work Manual were derived through analyzing the characteristics of the stand structure and fragmentation by administrative districts. Korea is divided into five divisions, where one is set as the area changed naturally and the other four areas set as the area changed artificially. The area changed naturally has been updated every five years, and those changed artificially have been updated annually. The fragmentation of South Korea was analyzed in order to examine the consistency of the DB established for each region. The results showed that, in South Korea, the number of patches increased and the mean patch size decreased. As a result, the degree of fragmentation and the complexity of shapes increased. The degree of fragmentation and the complexity of shapes decreased in four regions out of 17 regions (metropolitan cities and provinces). The results indicated that there were spatial variations. The "Forest Classification" defines the minimum area of a zoning as 0.1ha. This study examined the criteria for the minimum area of a zoning by estimating the divided object (polygon unit) in a forest type map. The results of this study revealed that approximately 26% of objects were smaller than the minimum area of a zoning. The results implied that it would be necessary to establish the definition and the regeneration interval of "Areas Changed Artificially and Areas Changed Naturally", and improve the standard for the minimum area of a zoning. Among the attributes of Work Manual, "Species Change" item classifies terrain features into 52 types, and 43 types of them belong to stocking land. This study examined distribution ratios by extracting species information from the forest type map. It was found that each of 23 species, approximately 53% of species, occupied less than 0.1% of Forested land. The top three species were pine and other species. Although undergrowth on unstocked forest land are classified in the terrain feature system, their definition and classification criteria are not established in the "Forest Classification" item. Therefore, it will be needed to reestablish the terrain feature system and set the definitions of undergrowth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.103-115
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the properties of cold air production and its flow of Nakdong-Jeongmaek(mountain ranges), and to suggest management strategies for Nakdong-Jeongmaek in order to enhance the green air conditioning functions of Jeongmaek. For this purpose, three study sites including Gudeoksan Mountain and the vicinity in Busan, Goheonsan Mountain and the vicinity in Ulsan, and Unjusan Mountain and the vicinity in Pohang were selected. The results found that cold air flow and its height of the three study sites were analyzed based on topographic properties and land use. Management strategies for preserving and enhancing their temperature reduction functions were suggested. The cold air produced in the vicinity of Gudeoksan was not fully developed and spread because of the high-density development at the border of Jeongmaek. Since high pressures of development are expected at the border, high conservation policies are required. In the vicinity of Goheonsan, where the agricultural complex and industrial park are located, cold air flows well throughout the entire study site thanks to fully developed cold air in the wide, flat valley. Hence, plans to maintain the current cold air flow are required, and conservation plans to mitigate future developments are also needed in the flat valley. The cold air in Unjusan and the vicinity with its complex and narrow mountain valleys gradually develops into valley bottoms. In order to take advantage of the terrain, the valley near the cold air production areas are preserved. In particular, special plans are required to prevent damage to the cold air layer near Youngcheonho Lake, where the highest height of cold air was recorded due to the closed and lower terrain feature. This study could support the establishment of systematic management plans of Nakdong-Jeongmaek to preserve and enhance its green air conditioning functions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.44-54
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• 2005

Most advanced countries in GIS field have established and managed georeferenced socioeconomic data systematically and made a great profit on various social and economic areas. In Korea, however, socioeconomic geographical information is relatively poor compared to systems related to geographical and topographical features. This is mainly due to the characteristics of the process from the construction to the utilization of socioeconomic data. That is, from the stage of data construction, socioeconomic data require solutions for frequent changes compared to data on geographical and topographical features and, because of difficulties in marking the positions of individual entities, information is built up through setting appropriate spatial units of aggregation. In the stage of data utilization, the data often need to be combined with other types of socioeconomic data due to the complexity of socioeconomic phenomena. Thus, the this study examined usability of GIS in socioeconomic fields and the spatial dimension of socioeconomic information through representative cases of GIS in developed countries and, based on the results, derived data requirements for socioeconomic GIS found in the construction and utilization of data and proposed solutions for the requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.22-35
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• 2011

Incheon Bay has a suitable condition for tidal power generation due to the high tidal range by topographical effect. Therefore a study on the technology development for tidal energy utilization has been promoted since 2006. It is needed to deduce optimal alternatives to determine the suitable location of facilities for tidal power generation and to reduce the environmental damage from development. In order to carry out efficiently this mission, spatial information system is essential to manage and use various spacial elements related to the development and conservation. In this study, for the development of tidal energy, spatial data could be defined as three kinds of dataset. Fundamental dataset is defined as spatial data such as tide, tidal current, wave, erosion and sedimentation. Framework dataset is composed of topographical map, facility map and bathymetry. The reference dataset is composed of marine ecology and environment having the characteristics of thematic map. This study is mainly aimed at establishing methodology of conceptual spatial data modeling classifying as essential data model and optional data model through the definition of the components of spatial data.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.223-235
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• 1993

This study associates with socio-economic status in a slice section area of Chicago metropolitan to get spatial patterns of urban windows. GSIS(Geo-spatial Information System) has been monitored with several statistic methods, and geo-spatial map presentations. From the grouping analysis, the result displays that most suburban town have high income values, such as Elmhurst, Melrose Park, North Lake(Income ranges between $25,000${\sim}$30,000 : 1980 Sensus data). The factors produced form both analyses of SAS and BMDP are socio-ethnic, economic, hispanic, black, life expectancy, and multiple car ownership. In the study area the socio-ethnic factor is striking, and is composed of nine out of the fourteen varialbles. Geo-spatial 3-D mapping represents a socio-economic configuration of the study area. The high income value areas are Elmhurst and North Lack, and a spot between Belmont Ave. and the Lake Shore. Economic configuration is a vital importance of socio-economic activities in the urban areas. In the study area a minimum average income level is about $4,364 and maximun is $30,311.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.64-78
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• 2013

To achieve economic efficiency in a basin flood mitigation planning, it is important to determine optimal sizes of investment alternatives. Investment alternative means decision proposals composed with one more individual proposals, and it is not easy to determine an optimal one because there are so many individual proposals. This study aims to propose the approach of determining the optimal project size for raising dam height. This study applies two scenarios to determine investment alternatives for the 4 dams in the Yeongsan River basin. 'Scenario1' calculates flood mitigation for each individual proposal. And 'Scenario2' calculates that for each investment alternative composed with one more individual proposals. As the results, 'Scenario2' is better than 'Scenario1' for selecting a economically optimal dam height considering watershed conditions comprehensively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.12-24
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the water system on the location, spatial structure, and construction method of Hongju-eupseong, centering on Hongjumok-eupchi. During the Joseon Dynasty, the water system in Hongjumok-eupchi is composed of artificially constructed Seong-an Runnel and ponds based on a branch-shaped natural waterways flowing from south to north and west to east. Compiling the results of various literature records, excavations and analysis of map data, it can be seen that the water system has an important influence on the construction of Hongju-seong. Firstly, Hongju-seong from the Goryeo Dynasty to the late Joseon Dynasty is located using a circular shape of topographical structure and a small erosion basin formed on the inner side of the Hongseongcheon and Wolgyecheon streams without significant change in location. In particular, Wolgyecheon and Hongseongcheon are natural moats, which are harmonized with Sohyangcheon and riverside topographical structures, affecting the location and construction method of Hongju-seong, water related facilities, and the spatial structure of eupseong. It is understood that location characteristic of Hongju-seong reflects the urban location structure harmonized with waterways in ancient China and Korea. Secondly in harmony with the water system and topographic structure of Hongju-seong, it is an important factor in deciding the land use of the town, the arrangement of the town hall facilities and inducing various non-subsidiary measures such as the establishment of embankment forest with a secret function and the closure of the south gate. In addition, artificial drainage facilities such as Seongan runnel and ponds are being actively introduced from early on to protect the walls or towns from flooding of Wolgyecheon. Especially there were typical methods for protecting the walls from water damage such as the Joseon Dynasty stone castle structure that was integrated with saturn(soil wall) in the Goryeo Dynasty, retreating wall in the northern gate area in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the method of constructing wall using korean tile and stone floors between reinforced soil layers in the western and northern wall.