• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.39-67
• /
• 2005

In order to properly define the terms such as soil, soil contamination, soil contamination site and remediation, which are the key terms under the Soil Environment Conservation Act(SECA) in Korea, we analyzed the legal definitions of the similar key words in legislations of the developed western countries. The selected countries were the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. The legal definitions of these keywords were very much diversified due to different levels of soil contamination, as well as different industrial, social, and legal backgrounds in each country. However, fair suggestions for definitions of the key terms in SECA were derived from the comparative analyses of these countries. First and foremost, SECA should provide a definition of 'soil' which includes a concept of the natural soil layer produced from soil mineralization processes. Groundwater and sublayer of the groundwater would. be excluded in the boundary of the soil with regards to the Groundwater Act of Korea. Definition of 'soil contamination' of SECA should include a concept of risk assessment(soil contaminants, pathway, and receptors), purpose of land use, and the acquired limitation levels of soil contaminants. Soil contamination activity either industrial or anthropogenic in SECA article2-1, could be substituted for a concept of soil risk assessment. Definition of 'soil contamination site' could derive from amalgamating the concepts of i) soil contamination in conjunction with contaminants, ii) risk assessment, iii) a concept of land use, and iv) knowing limitation of contamination site designation. Definition of 'remediation of contaminated site' should include the objective, intention, action, methodology and limit of the remediation. These suggested definitions would increase the efficacy of soil environment conservation policies, which includes the survey of the potentially contaminated area, remediation, and removal of the site.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2004

Understanding flow pattern of water and solute in subsurface is essential for the reduction and prevention of contamination of soil and groundwater and for the investigation and remediation of contaminated site. The objective of this study is to examine the infiltration pattern in a soil developed from the Jurassic granite using (Brilliant Blue FCF $C_{37}H_{34}N_{2}Na_{2}O_{9}S_{3}$), the nonfluorescent and nontoxic food dye. All image processing was conducted using geographic image processing software, ER Mapper, Version 6.2. The dye coverage was determined by counting the stained pixels in the photographs (80${\times}$80cm, 80TEX>${\times}$5cm) for the vertical and horizontal view. A homogeneous matrix flow occurred in the A horizon with weak, medium granular structure and fingering at the interface of finer-textured A horizon and coarser-textured C horizon. Pegmatitic vein originated from the granite and plant root in C horizon induced preferential flow.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2016

SSG (self-healing smart grouting) method, which is developed recently, has the characteristics such as an improvement of durability and waterproofing, prevention of leaching and pollution. In this study, we performed several tests such as gel-time measurement, uniaxial compression test, permeability test, fish poison test and chemical resistance test to compare the engineering properties of SSG with the other chemical grouting method (LW, SGR). As results of tests, the SSG method has low possibility of groundwater and ground pollution caused by leaching, furthermore, it has advantages like long/short term waterproofing, strength and durability. Therefore the SSG method can be applicable in the fields as an alternative of existing chemical grouting methods with problems.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2001

There is a lot of method to manage the insanitary landfill but vertical cutoff walls have been widespreadly used and were installed into the subsurface to act as a barrier to horizontal groundwater flow, The stabilized material such as specialized cement or mixed soil with additives has been generally applied for the materials of the deep soil mixing barrier in korea. The amount of the stabilized material is dependent on the field conditions, because the mixing ratio of the material and the field soil should achieve a requirement in the coefficient of permeability, lower than 1.0$\times$$10^{7}$cm/sec. This study determined the quantity and optimized function ratio of the stabilized material in the formation process of the mixed barrier that was added with stabilized material on the field soil classified into SW-SC under USCS (Unified Soil Classification System). After that the fly ash and lime were selected as an additives an that could improve the function of the stabilized material and then the method to improve the functional progress in the usage of putting into the stabilized material as an appropriate ratio was studied and reviewed. The author used the flexible-wall permeameter for measuring the permeability and unconfined compressive strength tester for compressive strength, and in the view of environmental engineering the absorption test of heavy metals and leaching test regulated by Korean Waste Management Act were performed. As the results, the suitable mixing ratio of the stabilized material in the deep soil mixing barrier was determined as 13 percent. To make workability easy, the ratio of stabilized material and water was proven to be 1 : 1.5. With the results, the range of the portion of the additives(fly ash : lime= 70 : 30) was proven to be 20-40% for improving the function of the stabilized material, lowering of permeability. In heavy metal absorption assessment of the mixing barrier system with the additives, the result of heavy metal absorption was proved to be almost same with the case of the original stabilized material; high removal efficiency of heavy metals. In addition, the leaching concentration of heavy metals from the leaching test for the environmental hazard assessment showed lower than the regulated criteria.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.86-95
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to estimate leaching characteristics of incineration residues from municipal solid waste incinerators, and determine organic compounds in raw ash, leaching water and leaching residue. A total of 44 organic compounds, which were analyzed by GC/MSD and identified by wiley library search, were contained in bottom ashes. A total of 17 organic compounds were contained in fly ashes. Bottom ash and fly ash were found to contain a wide range of organic compounds such as aliphatic compounds and aromatic compounds. Organic compounds such as Ethenylbenzene, Benzaldehyde, 1-Phenyl-Ethanone and 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester were detected in raw ash, leaching water and residues (from bottom ash). Organic compounds such as Naphthalene, Dodecane, 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene, Tetradecane, Hexadecane and Pentachlorobenzene were detected in raw ash, leaching water and residues (from fly ash). Through the leaching characteristics of incineration residue, it was represented that the open dumping of incineration residue can contaminate the soil and undergroundwater. In order to prevent environmental contamination that derived from extremely toxic substances in the incineration residues, it is particularly important that the incineration residues should be treated before disposal the incineration residues. Further study and proper management about leaching characteristics of organic compounds might be required.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2010

Recently, the effective use of closed waste landfill nearby urban areas has been demanded, because of the lack of the usable land. However, the reuse of closed landfill is needed an adequate stabilization of liner system. But most of these places are consisted of steep slope and hence it is necessary to use the geosynthetics liners in there. Liner system of waste landfills is an important facility which prevents leachate outgoing from the landfills and also groundwater infiltrating from surroundings into the landfills. During the waste disposal stage, differential settlement and tensile stress of the geosynthetic materials could occur due to impact load of trucks and dozers, waste loads and weak foundation soils. In this study, the tensile strength and tracer test were performed to evaluate the stability of geomembrane liner systems. Based on the tensile strength test result of in-situ geomembrane sample, the yield tensile strength maintain the suitable strength by specification and current law. However, according to the tracer test, the damage of geomembrane liner was detected on sanitary landfill section.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.527-535
• /
• 2018

Agricultural activities of western Jeju island has suffered from saltwater intrusion seasonally. Objectives of this study are to prove the occurrence of saltwater intrusion in the coastal aquifer and to consider a management plan using MODFLOW-family code SEAWAT model. Model results show that the saltwater-freshwater interface intrudes inland only a few meters and that upconing phenomenon is rather the cause of the severe disaster of the agricultural water contamination. This study selected Gosan area as a representative site to estimate optimal groundwater development regulation against upconing by seasonal pumping for agriculture. The suggested optimal groundwater development estimation method considers the groundwater levels of representative monitoring wells for regulatory alarms.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.97-111
• /
• 1974

The adsorption mechanism of Cs-137 in low level radioactive solution by vermiculite treated with Na ion is studied in order to investigate its effective utilization for the radioactive effluent treatment. The beneficial role of Na-vermiculite is that Na ion can induce the wider c-axis spacing in which Cs ion can be sorbed in vermiculite. Cation exchange capacity and distribution coefficient of cesium seems to be influenced by the variation of c-axis spacing of vermiculite. Comparative identification and detection with the characteristic analyses of X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction patterns, diffrential thermal analysis and electron microscopy of Na-, K- and Cs-vermiculite are studied for the phemomena of Cs adsorption by vermiculite. This importance of the utilization in terms of adsorption and fixation of cesium involving vermiculite is discussed. It is found that the Na-vermiculite is valuable outside charging material for high level radioactive liquid waste storage tank of underground to protect the pollution of the underground water.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.08a
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 1999

In Japan, geophysical exploration methods have been widely applied to civil engineering and construction fields for a long time. In particular, seismic refraction has long played a significant role in geotechnical site investigations for tunnels, dams and landslides. However, our growing interest on the social and natural environment makes the methods available and its application fields diversify. Digital technologies such as personal computer have revolutionized our ability to acquire large volumes of data rapidly, and to produce more reliable results for subsurface image. Also, color graphics easily visualizes survey results In a more understandable manner, These days geophysical methods are essential to assessing grouting effects, predicting the front of tunnel cutting face, monitoring the movement, pollution and purification process of groundwater. Now three-dimensional exploration techniques have developed for the site characterization in civil engineering and construction needs.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2022

For a slag-cement-bentonite (slag-CB) cut-off wall, GGBS replaces a part of the cement mixed to build a CB cut-off wall, which is used to block the flow and leakage of pollutants or groundwater; prevent seawater infiltration; and repair or reinforcement an aged embankments. Slag-CB cut-off walls are used in various applications in different fields where groundwater control is required due to its excellent characteristics. Such properties include high strength, low permeability, high durability and chemical resistance. However, despite these advantages, slag-CB cut-off walls are not extensively studied in Korea and thus are not applied in many cases. Particularly, GGBS, which replaces cement in a mixture, has different properties depending on its country of production. Consequently, it is necessary to perform various studies on slag-CB cut-off walls that use GGBS produced in Korea in order to increase its usability. This study has evaluated the bleeding rate, setting time, strength, and permeability in relation to the cement replacement rate of GGBS produced in Korea for slag-CB cut-off walls, with the aim to increase its usability. The evaluation found that slag-CB cut-off walls, made of a mixture containing GGBS produced in Korea, have a lower bleeding rate and permeability, and higher strengththan CB cut-off walls. It was also analyzed that such improved performance is more effective with a higher cement replacement rate of GGBS.