• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 1995

A target-sensitive liposome was prepared by using a dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine(DOPE) and a palmitic acid coupled antibody(p-IgG). For the preparation of stable PE-liposomes, the key factors such as antibody modification method with palmitic acrid, molar ratio of p-IgG to lipid and the amount of various additives, were examined. The optimum molar ratio of p-IgG to lipid was found to be $2.5{\times}10^{-4}$ and the final concentration of deoxycholate for the stable liposome formation was about 0.09%. Two kinds of target-sensitive liposomes, containing polyclonal anti-SRBC(Sheep Red Blood Cell)-antibody and monoclonal anti-${\beta}$-HCG(Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)-antibody, were successfully prepared. The destabilization of liposomes was examined by measuring the release of calcein entrapped in the liposome vesicles. Calcein was released only when the liposomes were contacted with the specific target cells. The calcein release with non-specific target cells was negligible. From this result, it is clear that p-IgG is indispensible for the maintenance of stable PE-liposome and the calcein release is mainly due to the specific interactions between the liposomes containing antibody and the target cells containing antigen.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

Joint roughness is one of the most important parameters in analysis of rock slope stability. Especially in probabilistic analysis, the random properties of joint roughness influence the probability of slope failure. Therefore, a large dataset on joint roughness is required for the probabilistic analysis but the traditional direct measurement of roughness in the field has some limitations. Terrestrial LiDAR has advantagess over traditional direct measurement in terms of cost and time. JRC (Joint Roughness Coefficient) was calculated from statistical parameters which are known from quantitative methods of converting the roughness of the material surface into JRC. The mean, standard deviation and distribution function of JRC were obtained, and we found that LiDAR is useful in obtaining large dataset for random variables.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.148-155
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acorn powder and starch on the blood parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of acorns were $37.99{\pm}0.37%$, $1.61{\pm}0.06%$, $4.36{\pm}0.18%$ and $3.22{\pm}0.15%$, respectively. Acorn powder and starch contains antioxidant minerals such as selenium and zinc. The iron content was significantly higher in acorn powder than in acorn starch (p<0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was $148.50{\pm}29.72mg/dL$ in the high-fat starch diet (HFS) group, while in the high-fat diet (HF) group it was $201.50{\pm}39.15mg/dL$ (p<0.05). Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HFS group ($50.50{\pm}10.79mg/dL$) than in the HF group ($62.00{\pm}20.85mg/dL$; p<0.05). The serum $IL-1{\beta}$ levels in mice were not significantly different between the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in the HFP group than other groups. There is a need for strong recognition that acorns are good ingredients worldwide. It is required to develop various products using acorn powder and starch powder. There is also a need for a strategy to globalize food using acorns.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

In mid-July, 2006 the torrential rainfall across Gangwon-do region caused 48 casualties and 1,248 houses submerged, resulting in damages with the restoration costs of 3 trillion and 512.5 billion won. This was because the topographic characteristics of Gangwon-do region for which mountainous areas mostly account increased the effects of landslide. In this study, the landslide region was shot using the PKNU No.4 system immediately after the occurrence of landslide in order to analyze it as objectively, exactly, and rapidly as possible. 1,054 areas with landslide occurrence were extracted by digitizing the shot images through visual reading after orthometric correction using ERDAS 9.1. Using the Arc GIS 9.2, a GIS program, hydrologic, topographic, clinical, geologic, pedologic aspects and characteristics of the landslide region were established in database through overlay analysis of digital map, vegetation map, geologic map, and soil map, and the status and characteristics of the occurrence of the landslide were analyzed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.381-385
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• 2003

We investigated possible application of waste ferrite in treating Cd and Pb in wastewater. Adsorption of Cd and Pb on Mn-Ferrite are influenced by several controlling factors such as contact time, heavy metal concentrations, pH and temperature. Both Cd and Pb achieved adsorption equilibrium within 5 minutes. Based upon this kinetic data, 24 hours of contact time was allowed for other experiment. The adsorption of Cd and Pb was high at high pH and high ion concentrations. The reaction was also affected by temperature. Adsorption isotherms fits well with the Freundlich isotherm equation. pH is the main controlling factor in Cd, Pb adsorption on the Mn-ferrite. Cd showed S type adsorption curve while Pb showed sorption edges, depending on the Pb concentrations.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2010

Clay veins that occurred in a slope by hydrothermal alteration, can significantly affect its slope stability. The effect of clay veins on the slope stability was investigated by numerical modeling study. Various parameters such as cohesion, internal friction angle, orientation, groundwater level, rainfall intensity and duration, have been modelled. As shear strength increased, factor of safety increased. As groundwater level developed, factor of safety decreased. For the case of slip surface developed on interface, factor of safety was lower than that for case of slip surface developed on either weathered soil or clay vein. The effect of various soil types of the slope stability was also investigated by simulating seepage through the slopes with various soils. The groundwater level significantly increased on the slopes with silty and generic soils. For the slope with sandy soil, almost no change in groundwater level was observed due to rapid drainage.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 1996

In order to investigate the source mechanism of micro cracks through acoustic emission measurement induced by rock fracture, careful calibration of the entire linkage of the detecting system, from the transducers to transient recorder, is an essential requirement prior to testing. Transducers and digitiging system are generally the weakest links in the measurement system because they must translate mechanical motions into digital electric signals. In this study, PAC piezoelectric pressure transducers are calibrated with a standard NBS conical shaped displacement transducer and a DG piezoelectric displacement transducer. The NBS and PAC transducers are insensitive to changes in horizontal impingement angle but sensitive to changes in incident angle. The ray path along the logitudinal axis of the tranducer produced a maximum response while the ray path perpendicular to the transducer axis gave a minimum. And a difference in individual transducers factor for a peak-to-peak amplitude of PAC transducers was within 40%. An average PAC transducer coefficient was determined as 77mv/pm by an absolute calibration test using NBS transducer.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2013

Freeze-thaw experiments were conducted to evaluate changes in surface roughness and physical properties in samples of granite from Ilgwang and Imki mines, Korea. The temperature range in the experiments was $-20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$, based on typical summer and winter temperatures in Korea, and the surface was observed every 20 cycles. One cycle comprised 1 hour of heating or cooling of the samples and 1 hour during which the target temperature was maintained. With increasing repetitions of the freeze-thaw experiment, porosity increased by 0.05%-0.15% in the two samples and the dry weight increased, whereas the volume of the soil and saturation weight decreased. Observations by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that line and surface roughness parameters showed a tendency to increase and decrease, respectively, with elapsed time. Changes in surface roughness were apparent on the CLSM images.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.257-269
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• 2013

Prevention plans for landslide and slope disasters should be appropriate for a country's budget when considering a systematic investment plan. The systematic management of slopes adjacent to national highways should incorporate reasonable investment risk and the expected degree of damage should be calculated by considering the investment priorities. In terms of priority of investment, the major factors used to determine the degree of hazard are gradient, soil characteristics, RMR (Rock Mass Rating), stability interpretation, type of discontinuities, and history of collapse, among others. The likely consequences of slope failure can be determined by considering traffic volume, the number of lanes, and average vehicle risk. We performed such calculations regarding the priority of investment and performed a regression analysis for 392 slopes located in Yeongseo region, Gangwon province. The calculation results show that collapsed slopes have a higher priority for investment, as do slopes with a high proportion of dangerous sections and locations in valleys.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.509-520
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• 2013

In this study, heavy metals are removed by soil washing from soils contaminated with Cu, Zn, and Pb, whose maximum concentrations are up to 3350, 1220, and 2240 mg/kg, respectively. Through various soil washing experiments, the optimum conditions, including type and concentration of washing reagent, washing time, mixing ratio of soil and washing reagent, and stirring speed, are derived for effective removal of the heavy metals. It is found that the most effective washing reagent and its concentration are hydrochloric acid and 50 mM, respectively. The most suitable washing time is 30 minutes and the optimal mixing ratio of soil and washing reagent is 1:30 (g/mL). The removal efficiency, on the other hand, is not affected by stirring speed. The removal efficiencies of the heavy metals decrease when washing reagent is reused. Furthermore, the heavy metals are readsorbed onto soil in case of consecutive reuse of washing reagent.