• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.313-323
• /
• 2020

To investigate the morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among isolate of the artificially cultivated mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus, 111 isolates were collected from Korea and other countries. Random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and ITS rDNA sequencing were used to confirm the genetic relationships among the collected H. marmoreus isolates. As a result of RAPD analysis using universal rice primer (URP)-PCR, all isolates of H. marmoreus clustered into three groups, which showed high sequence similarity (>90%). In addition, isolates with morphological and geographical differences formed independent clusters. However, it was impossible to distinguish between brown and white strains. Sixteen strains showing morphological and geographic differences were selected, and their ITS region sequences (640 bp) were aligned and compared. The ITS region sequences belonging to these isolates showed 94.8-99.1% similarities to those of publicly available H. marmoreus strains in GenBank. In conclusion, there were differences among isolates in terms of morphology and the area from which they were collected, but all the isolates used in the experiment were classified as H. marmoreus.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.181-196
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore the network city in detail as a new model for explaining urban growth in the changing economic environment in recent years. For this purpose, starting from Batten's (1995) pioneering work on network city in the mid 1990s to the most recent ones, literature is reviewed and various aspects of network city model are examined including formation process, spatial structure, application to management and urban planning, and growth potential. With this, the study aims at providing comprehensive knowledge necessary for evaluating if the network city model is appropriate in explaining the urban phenomena in the 21st century. The result of the review shows that network city model is the one appropriately explaining the changing urban system associated with the economic globalization and the development of transport and information technology. In addition, more and more European city governments tend to adopt this as the urban planning principle.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2008

Recently we witnessed a few scandals on plagiarism among academic paper and novels. Plagiarism on documents is getting worse more frequently. Although plagiarism on English had been studied so long time, we hardly find the systematic and complete studies on plagiarisms in Korean documents. Since the linguistic features of Korean are quite different from those of English, we cannot apply the English-based method to Korean documents directly. In this paper, we propose a new plagiarism detecting method for Korean, and we throughly tested our algorithm with one benchmark Korean text corpus. The proposed method is based on "k-mer" and "local alignment" which locates the region of plagiarized document pairs fast and accurately. Using a Korean corpus which contains more than 10 million words, we establish a probability model (or local alignment score (random similarity by chance). The experiment has shown that our system was quite successful to detect the plagiarized documents.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

Oligonucleotide design is known as a time-consuming work in Bioinformatics. In order to accelerate the oligonucleotide design process, one of the most widely used approaches is the prescreening unreliable regions using hashing(or seeding) method represented by BLAST. Since the seeding is originally proposed to increase the sensitivity for local alignment, the specificity should be considered as well as the sensitivity for the oligonucleotide design problem. However, a measure of evaluating the seeds regarding how adequate and efficient they are in the oligo design is not yet proposed. we propose a novel measure of evaluating the seeding algorithms based on the discriminability and the efficiency. By the proposed measure, five well-known seeding algorithms are examined. The spaced seed is recorded as the best efficient discriminative seed for oligo design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.521-521
• /
• 2016

상수도 관망은 수원에서 수요절점까지 물을 안정적으로 공급하는 것을 목표로 한다. 상수도 관망의 최적설계는 수리학적 제한조건 (절점의 수압, 관로의 유속)을 만족하는 범위에서 비용을 최소화하는 설계안을 얻는 것으로 Savic and Walters (1997)는 유전 알고리즘 (Genetic Algorithms, Holland 1975)을 적용한 상수도 관망 설계 프로그램인 GANET를 제안하였고, Maier et al. (1996)은 개미군집알고리즘 (Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm, Dorigo et al. 1996)을 상수도 관망 최적설계에 적용한 후 그 결과가 유전 알고리즘에 비해 우수함을 증명하는 등 상수도 관망 최적설계에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 오고 있다. 유전알고리즘은 선택, 교차, 돌연변이의 반복계산 과정을 통하여 최적해를 찾는 최적화 기법이다. 이 과정에서 결정변수는 유전자 (Gene)의 집합으로 표현되며, 염색체 (Chromosome) 내에서 근접한 유전 인자들은 일종의 Building Block을 형성하게 된다. Building Block은 좋은 해를 갖는 유전 인자를 높은 확률로 보관하여 지역해에 빠질 가능성을 줄이는 반면, 유전형 (Genotype)이 표현형 (Phenotype)을 충분히 모방하여 표현하지 못한 경우 오히려 최적해의 탐색을 방해할 수 있다는 한계점을 갖는다. 유전 알고리즘을 상수도 관망 최적설계에 적용하였을 때에도 이 한계점은 여실히 드러난다. 관로의 관경을 결정변수로 설정한 후 유전형으로 표현하였을 때, 관망도 상에서 근접하지 않은 두 관로가 염색체 내에서 연속으로 나열된다면 두 관로 간의 연관성이 실제보다 크게 고려되기 때문이다. 한편, 하모니써치 (Harmony Search, Geem et al. 2001) 알고리즘은 즉흥 연주 (Improvisation)를 통해 최상의 화음을 만들어내는 현상으로부터 착안하여 만들어진 최적화기법으로 연산 기법은 무작위선택, 기억회상, 피치조정 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 결정변수에 해당하는 연주자가 독립적으로 행동하며 해를 탐색한다는 점에서 유전알고리즘과 큰 차이를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 유전알고리즘의 Building Block에 의해 발생하는 오류를 개선하고자, 상수도 관망 최적설계 연구에 많이 사용되는 Hanoi 관망 (Fujiwara and Khang 1990) 관로의 정렬 순서를 여러 가지 기준으로 설정하여 관망데이터를 구축한 후 하모니써치와 유전 알고리즘을 적용하여 최적화를 수행하였고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과 유전 알고리즘과 달리 하모니써치 알고리즘의 경우, 관로의 나열 순서와 상관없이 우수한 최적해 탐색 결과를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate novel genetic variations of MCIR^*3 allele. In general, white spotting or white belt on a black backgroud in pigs is determined by the E$^p$ allele at the MCIR/Extention locus. E$^p$ shares a frameshift mutation with the E$^{D2}$ allele for dominant black color. An oligonucleotide primer set was designed to amplify complete coding sequence of the porcine MCIR gene. The MCIR coding sequences obtained from five breeds those were Landrace(white). Yorkshire(white), Hampshire(belt), Berkshire(spot) and Jeju native black pigs(black), were used for this study. A multiple sequence alignment of the MCIR coding region using Clustal W was performed. The total length of the MCIR coding sequence ranged from 963 to 966 base pairs(bp) among the selected breeds. The sequence analysis of the complete coding region of MCIR was revealed that Hampshire and Jeju native black pig have 3 cytosines deletion and Birkshire has 2 cytosines deletion at codon 23(nt68) in Extention loci. Besides the finding, there were three different missense mutations and a frameshift mutation in the MCIR coding region.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.207-215
• /
• 1987

The Keum River Estuary was investigated two times in April and July, 1986, to study process controlling chlorophyll distribution in estuarine waters. During the surveys, distribution patterns were studied for chlorophyll-a, nutrients, ph, SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter), DO (Dissolved Oxygen), temperature, salinity, etc. During April survey(low-discharge period), sea water penetrated to Kangkyung, about 35km upstream from the constructing weir, while in July (high-discharge period) only to 3 km upstream from the weir,In April SPM showed very high concentrations (500mg/l)on the average. But very low concentrations(about10mg/l)were observed in July due to high discharge of fresh water.Chlorophyll-a concentrations showed large variations both in time and space :much higher concentraations in July than in April and sharp decrease in concentrations at the fresh water-sea water interface (April:$6.5\mu\textrm{g}/{\ell}$ for fresh waters and 41.4\mu\textrm{g}/{\ell}$ forestuarine waters). Differebce ub chlorophyll-a concentrations for these two surveys appear to be caused mainly by the difference in effectiveness of penetrating lights controlled by SPM in the waters. Sharp decrease in chlorophll-a at the fresh water-sea water interface is believed to be resulted from mass mortality of fresh water phytoplankton caused by changes in osmotic pressure in the region. Observations in the same regions such as increase in AOU(Apparent Oxygen Utilization)and ammonia, decrease in PH,probably resulted through decomposition processes of dead planktons,furtuer support the idea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.628-633
• /
• 2006

ITS DNA sequences from five individuals, representative of five groups designated according to the degree of leaf teeth and lobes from simple to palmate compound leaf in the Viola albida complex, established and further analysed in order to solve the taxonomic difficulty. A total 702 bp was sequenced at the 5.8S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2. The 5.8S coding region is 163 bp, and has no sequence variations. The ITS1 and ITS2 noncoding regions have a little bit sequence variations, and those were further analysed by the methods of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the analysis of sequence divergence and the phylogenetic analysis. The result of ANOVA showed no significant differences among individuals investigated. The analysis of sequence divergence with Kimura 2-parameter distance revealed that in-groups showed much less than 0.05 in absolute value among individuals, while two out groups more than 0.05, V. grypoceras and V. orientalis. This result appeared that the sequence divergence among in-groups was not yet occurred in the species level but situated at somewhere below the species level. In the phylogenetic analysis, two outgroups formed the basal clades in order. Five individuals in-groups formed a clade. The clade was, however, not very robust as around 50% in bootstrap value, suggesting that this result was not meaningful in the phylogenetic point of views.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.108-121
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to carry out the exploratory study on the easiness of using smart phone applications for searching food service information based on consumer characteristics. Examining the attributes of the easiness of using smart phone applications for searching food service information, this study checks the order of priority in the attributes and analyzes the correlation among the constructs of easiness of use, along with the difference in easiness of use based on demographic characteristics. The survey was conducted to the users of smart phones who live in 3 areas such as Seoul/Kyongki, Daegu/Kyongbuk, and Busan/Kyongnam from Jan. 3-Feb. 3, 2011, and total 264 copies of questionnaire were used for the final analysis. The result showed that the respondents considered the functions of searching restaurants, recommended restaurants, and the popularity list more important among the measurement items of easiness of use, and there was highly positive correlation between easiness to select restaurants and communication functions among all the factors drawn. It was found that there was significant difference in the function of searching restaurants, practicality, the easiness to select restaurants, communication, and the easiness to select menu on areas.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.75-93
• /
• 2021

By defining a travel disparity based on the degree to which travelers diversify their destinations, this paper examines how socioeconomic and spatial factors affect the travel disparity among the elderly in Seoul. This paper uses the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment which can bring about different behavioral responses among the older travelers. Using the smart card data, we compare the destination diversification patterns before and after the pandemic. In the early morning(4:30-9:00), the degree of destination diversification varies between the core and the periphery and this trend persists through the pandemic. In the late morning(9:00-12:00), a new trend of disparity appeared after the pandemic. Although those who hold higher socioeconomic status and live closer to the core have a larger range of choices for destinations, the difference of range did not lead to differences in diversification before the pandemic, due to the discretionary nature of the elderly's trip. In contrast, as the elderly were forced to search alternative destinations right after the outbreak of the pandemic, the range of choices became an important factor causing observable differences in destination diversification. The findings suggest that the travel disparity observed during the pandemic is due to the difference in the range of choices by socioeconomic and spatial factors.