• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.451-461
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• 2024

Recently, various AI chatbots based on large language models have been released. Chatbots have the advantage of providing users with quick and easy information through interactive prompts, making them useful in various fields such as question answering, writing, and programming. However, a vulnerability in chatbots called "prompt injection attacks" has been proposed. This attack involves injecting instructions into the chatbot to violate predefined guidelines. Such attacks can be critical as they may lead to the leakage of confidential information within large language models or trigger other malicious activities. However, the vulnerability of Korean prompts has not been adequately validated. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to generate malicious Korean prompts and perform attacks on the popular chatbot to analyze their feasibility. To achieve this, we propose a system that automatically generates malicious Korean prompts by analyzing existing prompt injection attacks. Specifically, we focus on generating malicious prompts that induce harmful expressions from large language models and validate their effectiveness in practice.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.466-477
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• 2002

It was proposed that proper problem solving practice should improve students' questioning in physics. In the previous researches, improvement in students' questioning was observed after practice of making questions given the examples of desirable questions. In this study, the problem solving strategies used by experts were introduced to students in the form of step-by-step guide to follow in problem solving practice. The directions in the guide were concrete and operational for students to understand the expected behaviors explicitly. It was assumed that students could pinpoint the difficulty specifically through this guide, which would result in positive effects on students' recognition and expression of their own questions. The subjects in this study were college freshmen enrolled in the introductory physics for science or engineering major. The physics problems from the textbook were solved and practiced in the traditional way for controlled group. Worksheets designed to follow experts' problem solving strategies were used for the experimental group. Two groups were taught in the same way during lecture part of the class. Students were asked to describe the difficulties they had during homeworks or tests. Questions in this study means these descriptions written by students although they were not necessarily in the form of interrogative sentences. The questions were analyzed both in quantity and quality. Quantitatively, more students spontaneously turned in their questions in the experimental group than in the controlled group. Regarding the quality, there were more students in the experimental group than in the controlled group who described their difficulties in detail or recognized the need for the procedural knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 1982

This is an introduction to an art of digital hardware design using polymachine image as a target structure of the product. As in the case of software design of a computer, the design process begins with a sketch of planned system in flow chart description and the flow charts is partitioned into divergent elements. Each of the element machine is derived from those divergent elements. We can build a complete digital system with the preparation of an index, and a polymer of these element machines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

Muscle based face image synthesis is one of the most realistic approach to realize life-like agent in computer. Facial muscle model is composed of facial tissue elements and muscles. In this model, forces are calculated effecting facial tissue element by contraction of each muscle strength, so the combination of each muscle parameter decide a specific facial expression. Now each muscle parameter is decided on trial and error procedure comparing the sample photograph and generated image using our Muscle-Editor to generate a specific race image. In this paper, we propose the strategy of automatic estimation of facial muscle parameters from 2D marker movement using neural network. This also 3D motion estimation from 2D point or flow information in captered image under restriction of physics based fare model.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.339-344
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• 2007

이동통신 단말기의 그래픽 유저 인터페이스 환경은 다양한 요인에 의하여 그 변화를 자극 받고 있다. 한정된 디스플레이 공간 안에서의 다 기능화로 인한 사용성의 문제, 정적이고 지시적인 상황에 익숙한 문자 중심의 세대에서 자율적이고 동적인 영상 중심의 세대로의 사용자 세대의 변화, 합리적 소비 보다는 감성적 만족을 중요하게 여기는 사용자 가치의 변화, 그래픽 디자인 트랜드의 변화, 서비스 컨텐츠의 변화, 기술의 발전 등 이동통신 단말기를 둘러싼 모든 측면에서 변화가 진행되고 있다. 여기에 이동통신 단말기 제조사, 서비스 업체, 컨텐츠 업체, 칩 제조사 등 이동통신 서비스와 관련된 다양한 사업 주체들의 복잡한 이해관계 속에서의 경쟁 또한 이러한 변화를 부추기는 요인의 하나로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 변화요인들을 적절히 수렴하여 제공할 수 있는 보다 효과적인 그래픽 유져 인터페이스 디자인 방법을 모색하고자 하였으며, 보다 효율적이고 적극적인 개선을 위해 현재 이동통신 단말기의 GUI 디자인의 주요 디자인 수단인 Bitmap 또는 Vector 그래픽 대신 보다 다양한 시각적 표현 방법을 내재하고 있는 3D 기반의 Motion 그래픽을 활용한 이동통신 단말기의 GUI 디자인 방법을 제안 하고자 한다. 하지만 아직 여러가지 제약 조건들로 인하여 이동통신 단말기 내에서 3D Motion 그래픽의 적용이 완전히 자유롭지 않은 것이 사실이다. 그러나 기술의 발전 속도로 볼 때 머지 않아 3D Motion GUI 제공을 위한 이동통신 단말기의 기술적 환경은 충분히 발전될 것이며, 이에 따라 본 연구와 같이 3D 그래픽이나 Motion 그래픽을 등을 활용한 이동통신 단말기의 사용자 인터페이스 연구의 선행은 매우 필요하다고 볼 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1877-1878
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• 2008

고품질, 고 신뢰도를 지향하는 미래 지능형 전력시스템에 대한 기대와 함께 전력 기기 및 설비의 디지털화에 관심이 집중되면서, 전력시장에서는 전력정보의 양방향 교환 표준을 위한 공통정보모델(CIM : Common Information Model)의 개발 및 활용이 새로운 화두로 부상하였다. CIM은 차세대 전력시스템과 미래형 부가서비스 등의 전반적인 운영측면에서 혁신을 이루는데 사용할 수 있도록 표준화된 데이터교환 모델이다. 이는 전력시스템 내 모든 다양한 객체(변전소, 송전선, 변압기, 차단기, 설비자산, 작업지시, 작업원 등)들이 어떻게 상호 연결되는지를 표현하는 방식이다. 최근 CIM/GID(GID : Generic Interface Definition)에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 CIM/GID를 어떻게 도입하고 활용할 것인가에 대한 논의가 활발하다. 그 활용 방안의 일환으로 개발된 시스템에 대한 상호 운용성 테스트를 수행함으로써 제품 또는 시스템의 표준화 준수 여부와 활용성에 대한 검증이 가능하다. CIM/GID 상호운용성 테스트는 UCA International Users Group에서 가입 회원들을 대상으로 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 미국 클리블랜드에서 2003년 11월 18일$\sim$20일 사이에 진행되었던 5차 CIM/GID 상호운용성 테스트 결과를 토대로 CIM/GID와 CIM XML의 상호 운용성 테스트 방안을 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.121-143
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to find out the relation between infant teacher attachment or infant gesture and infant language development. The study was conducted with infants aged between 18 and 24 months and their 84 teachers of 63 home day care centers and infant day care centers in J city, Jeollabukdo. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was positive correlation between infant teacher attachment and infant language development. Looking at the types of infant teacher attachment showed that positive emotion, contact-seeking, self-sacrifice genialities, approach-seeking, solidarity, and expectation had positive correlation with receptive and expressive language, protection had positive correlation with receptive language, and only indifference had negative correlation with receptive language. Second, of sub-factors of infant gesture, directive gesture had negative correlation with receptive language, and customary and representational gesture had positive correlation with expressive language. Third, according to the results of the study of the effects of infant teacher attachment and infant gesture on infant language development, contact-seeking had the largest effect. Looking at the types of infant language development showed that contact-seeking had the largest effect on receptive language, and solidarity had the largest effect on expressive language. The results of the study showed that infant teacher attachment had larger effects on infant language development than infant gesture. It is expected to be used as useful materials to improve communicative abilities of infant teachers interacting with infants for infant language development.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.291-298
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• 2015

For hydrogeological studies, it is of importance to observe hydraulic head in order to interpret groundwater flow, characterize aquifers, and calibrate groundwater flow model. This study analyzed the zonal variation of hydraulic heads at the eight monitoring wells (GM-1~GM-8) installed with multi-packers in a coastal area and verified vertical and lateral trends of the hydraulic gradients. Hydraulic heads were expressed as the depth of water because the monitoring wells have different depths. The hydraulic gradient at the nearest well (GM-5) shows 0.0142 with increasing trend of hydraulic gradient along depth. This fact indicates typical phenomenon of the discharge area. On the other hand, GM-1 and GM-2 wells in coastal area demonstrate constant hydraulic gradient down to the depth of 100 meters while at the zone of deeper than 100 m the hydraulic gradients illustrate 0.0196 and 0.0735, respectively. This indicates that horizontal flow is dominant at shallower zone than 100 m whereas upward flow is dominant at the zone deeper than 100 m. GM-3 well located farther than the other wells from the coast shows a small hydraulic gradient of 0.0046 that evidences a prevalent horizontal flow between the recharge area and the discharge area.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-319
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the verbal interactions of earth science gifted depending on their communications structures and group status in small group activities. To this end, a small group activity was conducted to measure the density of the earth, and 8 small groups were selected, including 4 co-ownership type and 4 monopolistics type groups with different communication structures. And then, the framework was developed for analyzing verbal interactions to compare the differences in characteristics between small groups. The results are as follows. First, regardless of the communication structures, there were showing a simple pingpong-type communication structures for all small groups. Second, negative interactions such as 'restraint', 'command', 'complaint', and 'lack of confidence' predominantly appeared in all small groups. Third, the students in the status of out-lookers in small groups were mainly verbal interactions, such as instructing the other person, acting against the other person's actions, and expressing dissatisfaction with the attitudes and abilities of members. Therefore, teachers should guide students to use higher-level verbal interactions in their group activities in small group activities, and engage in students communication to prevent negative interactions from occurring. The teachers also need to check the level of achievement for students in the status of out-lookers in advance and guide them to participate more actively in small group activities. This study is meaningful in that it can be sued to design teaching and learning to improve students' problem solving and communication skills.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.671-683
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to investigate practicing elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and the significant predictors of their pedagogical content knowledge in science teaching. The PCK instrument was used to measure elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. It consists of 6 factors to measure teachers' pedagogical content knowledge of 1)instructional methods, 2)representations, 3)contents, 4)evaluations, 5)students, and 6)curriculum. A questionnaire that consists of 7 questions regarding the teachers' degree, their number of years of teaching their choice of teaching science, their personal science teaching efficacy, their science teaching outcome expectation, their science instructional methods, and their attitudes toward teaching science, was also used to identify the information as to significant predictors of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge. A sample of 332 practicing elementary teachers participated in this study. To determine statistically significant predictors, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods were used to analyze the results. The results showed that the significant predictors of practicing elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge were their number of years of teaching, their science instructional methods, their personal science teaching efficacy and their attitudes toward teaching science. Further research of how teachers develop and construct their pedagogical content knowledge is recommended especially through the use of varied research methodologies that include qualitative methods.