• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.5-38
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• 2007

This study attempts to develop a theory on the evolving process of wealthy major donors' sharing lives in Korea through a grounded theory approach. To conduct this study, the researchers have in-depth interviews with 11 exemplary wealthy major donors who have more than one million US dollars in his or her own asset and donate more than ten thousand US dollars annually. In data analysis, this study identifies 161 concepts on the evolving process of wealthy major donors' sharing lives; and the concepts are categorized with 33 sub-categories and 14 categories. In the paradigm model on the evolving process of wealthy major donors' sharing lives, it is identified that the central phenomenon, 'practicing sharing lives as noblesse oblige', is related with the causal conditions such as 'learning through memories and observation', 'realizing my duties', and 'emphasizing'; and the central phenomenon is related with the contingent conditions such as 'being sensitive to external evaluation', 'having limited information on giving', 'distrusting donation related environments'. The action/interactional sequences such as 'utilizing relationships' and 'strengthening active participation' are accomplished by moderating conditions such as 'having internal and external supports' and 'guiding by firm conviction'. It reveals that as a result, wealthy major donors enjoy the feeling of becoming a ideal and true wealthy person, establish sharing lives as firm and major parts of overall lives, and experience strong desires for better future and society. In this study, 'generous sharing that shares personal heritages and social benefits' is analyzed as a core category; it shows that sharing of wealthy major donors is related to the characteristics of generosity practice based on moral self-benefiting rather than complete altruistic characteristics or self-sacrificial characteristics. The process analysis reveals that it has the following stages: first, initial giving by exposure to causes or requests; second, routine practice of giving; third, evolution of practice of giving with gradual expansion in quantities and qualities; and fourth, living with giving. In the process, the following four types are identified: devoted wealthy donors for sharing, wealthy donors practicing sharing in daily life, wealthy donors practicing sharing with learning on external stimulus, and wealthy donors practicing sharing on empathy. Finally, this study discusses both meanings of identifying and developing a theory on the evolving process of wealthy major donors' sharing lives and implications of the research results in cultivating and developing potential wealthy major donors in Korea.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2012

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate an education program for cardiocerebrovascular high-risk patients. Methods: This program was developed according to Tyler's model for curriculum development. To evaluate the effects of this program, we measured clinical outcome change (weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) and behavior change stages (checking blood pressure, blood sugar levels, doing physical activity, consistent maintenance of food intake, eating low amounts of salt, abstention from tobacco and alcohol) before and 4 weeks after participation in the education program. The group of subjects consisted of High-risk group patients who attended basic program(32 patients), and staged program(37 patients) during KHyDDI meetings from Oct. 2009 to May 2010. Results: The staged educational program was developed three aspects(disease, nutrition and exercise)and three stages(basic, in-depth and individual education). In the staged education program, the evaluations were made by measuring clinical outcome and stage of behavior before and after education. Significant differences were found in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, consistent maintenance of food intake(p<0.05), and eating low salt(p<0.001)and their self efficacy. Conclusion: In the practice-oriented staged education program, significant differences were found in the clinical outcomes and stage of behavior before and after education. Possible limitations of the study include the small number of participating subjects and the short follow-up management period, but the results indicate that continued application of this program could contribute to the prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases for the elderly patients with long periods of chronic diseases.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the educational needs of elderly hypertensive or diabetes patients and educators for the education program development of cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group in community. Methods: This study was conducted with 60 hypertensive or diabetes patients aged 65 years or above (cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group) who had registered KHyDDI(Korea Hypertension Diabetes Daegu Initiative) Project and attended Hypertension Diabetes Intervention Center Program, and with 44 educators in the center between June and August, 2009. Data were collected using questionnaires including general characteristics, educational objectives, curriculum, contents, and methods. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: In education methods, cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group and educators both preferred small-grouped(5-9 persons) or individual education, 30min-1 hour, 50%-50% of theory-practice ratio, 3 months of education. In education contents, both groups needed all the suggested contents. Five categories would be suggested for the development of education program. The first category was that there was no significant difference between cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's needs and knowledge. The second was category of low knowledge level in cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's knowledge. The repeated education would be necessary for this category. The third was category with large standard deviation in cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's knowledge. Individual education would be necessary for this category. The fourth category was that there was significant difference between cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group's knowledge and knowledge assessed by educators. The improvement of educator's education skill would be necessary for this category. The fifth category was that there was significant difference between cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group and educator's needs. Conclusions: Small group or individualized and staged education reflecting above cardiocerebrovascular high risk group and educators' needs should be developed for more effective education to prevent and manage the cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.433-444
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• 2018

This study aims to examine the screening rate of health screening of the disabled by screening the data of disability and health statistics of the National Health Insurance Corporation, to suggest the problems of health examination and the future improvement measures, and also to review the type of health management of the disabled based on the results of health examination interview. As people with limited daily life or social life for a long time because of their physical/psychological disabilities in accordance with the Article2 of , out of 2,479,080 registered people with disabilities on the basis of December 31st 2015, the research subjects were limited to people with disabilities who participated in the health screening and health type for presenting the opinions about policies. In conclusion, regarding the health screening for the disabled, first, it would be necessary to collect the opinions from people with disabilities in order to prepare the health screening service suitable for them. Second, it would be needed to develop the health screening items for each type of disability and severity. Third, it would be necessary to consider the medical equipments and amenities of health examination for the disabled. Fourth, there should be the securement of manpower and education for service providers. Fifth, the mobility right of the disabled should be secured. Regarding the health type of the disabled, first, the expert consultative group in each area should be composed for the health enhancement of the disabled. Second, it would be necessary to screening the current status of health enhancement programs for the disabled and operating facilities. Third, the Central Health Medical Center for the Disabled, shown in the law on the securement of health rights & medical accessibility of the disabled should develop the standardized health enhancement programs for each disability type and severity. After examining the contents of health examination and health type of the disabled, the opinions about policies were suggested. Thus, in the future, there should be more detailed researches based on the tasks suggested by this study, and also the causal relations between health of the disabled and relevant programs should be continuously revealed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1190-1199
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variables affecting the effective stroke in the swing performed through 12 weeks of training for golf beginners, and to provide basic data on the effective stroke factors for the golf beginners to settle on the fairway. Twenty subjects were participate in the study (age: 21.35±1.69 yrs, height: 176.75±7.99 cm, weight: 70.70±9.76 kg). All subjects were subjected to a 12-week golf training, and trackman 4 was used in the 12th week to calculate variables affecting the effective stroke during a golf swing. Trackman data was divided into club-variables and ball-variables, and a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the variables affecting effective strokes. In club-variables, high dynamic loft and low face angles were found in effective stroke, and in ball-variables, fast ball speed, large smash factor, high launch angle, and many spin rates were also found in effective stroke. As a result of the binary logistic regression analysis of club-variables, the probability of an effective stroke increased as the club speed and dynamic loft increased, and the probability of an effective stroke decreased as the face angle increased. The influence of effective stroke in the club-variables was in the order of dynamic loft, face angle, and club speed. In the ball-variable, the probability of an effective stroke increased when the lunch angle increased, and the probability of an effective stroke decreased as the lunch direction increased. As a condition to increase the probability of effective stroke based on the results, it is necessary to increase the club speed through high dynamic loft and low face angle during swing through continuous practice. Through this, the probability of effective stroke through increasing the launch angle and decreasing the launch direction will increase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2008

This research was carried out a to investigate the food habit and preference of parents' social and economic level with 681 children (145 of Kindergarten, 300 of Children, 236 of Adolescences) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area using question naires. The parents' income level divided into 2 groups, less than 4 million won and equal or greater than 4 million won. Most of the middle years were over-weighing but kindergarten and adolescences had standard weights. The majority of parents had Bachelor degrees, most of father were office workers, majority of mothers of kindergarten with parents' income level less than 4 million won were professional women and mothers of the rest of the groups were mostly house wives. The middle years with parents income level less than 4 million son were skipping meals most frequently, but other groups didn't show much differences in their eating habits. All age groups showed that they like meats the most and dislike vegetables the worst. All age groups also showed that they mostly eat out 1-2 times a week and the next was 3-4 times a week. All age groups preferred ice creams, fruits, juices and snacks for their desserts. The middle years with parents' income equal or greater than 4 million won also showed high preference on strawberry and chocolate flavored milk, burgers and pizzas. The food s that preferred to eat when dining out were Chinese foods (Ja-jang-myeon and sweet and sour pork) for kindergarten group, Korean foods (kalbi and bulgogi) for the middle years with parents' income level less than 4 million won, family restaurant food (steak and rib) for the middle years with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won and Korean foods (kalbi and bulgogi) for the adolescences. The preferred cooking methods were roast (fish and sea weeds) for the kindergarten, roasted meat for the middle years, Kimchi and bean paste pot stew for the adolescences with parents' income level less than 4 million won and roasted meats for the adolescences with parents' income level equal or greater than 4 million won. The results showed that the adolescences with higher parental income lever preferred meats.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2007

Silicone hydrogel contact lenses developed as a continuous-wear modality are now used as a daily-wear contact lenses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical performance in a group of successful long-term wearers of conventional hydrogel contact lenses when refitted with daily wear $O_2OPTIX$ silicone hydrogel lenses. Sixty-two wearers ($30.7{\pm}19.9$ months of prior lens wear) among sixty-five soft lens wearers refitted with $O_2OPTIX$ silicone hydrogel lenses were participated in this study finally. Subjective symptoms were scored and objective signs were graded using CCLRU scales during the study period. 98% of subjects were successfully refitted with the one base curve of $O_2OPTIX$, and 33.9% of subjects were needed more or less lens powers compared with their habitual lenses. Subjects reported a concurrent reduction in dryness, redness and tiredness compared with their habitual lenses and both subjective and objective evaluations showed that dryness, tiredness, itchiness, bulbar and limbal hyperemia were decreased and significantly decreased particularly for those subjects with greater baseline symptoms (p<0.0001). But corneal staining was increased and was seen in many subjects during the study (p<0.0001). Refitting existing soft contact lens wearers with silicone hydrogel contact lens could result in a decreased in dryness, redness and tiredness, particularly more effective for those subjects with greater baseline of those symptoms. When patients using conventional hydrogel materials switch to a silicone hydrogel material, the potential for increased corneal staining should be considered and over-refraction should be needed to give a best vision.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1332-1339
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• 2002

Purpose : Through a survey undertaken among doctors practicing pediatric patients in primary medical facilities on nutrition during infancy, the present study was done to determine whether these doctors were giving appropriate advice on infant nutrition. Methods : We visited pediatric specialists(group one) and non-pediatric specialists or general practitioners(group two) who were practicing in Daegu to ask them to fill out a questionaire on infant nutrition. Results : When 10 points were given to each question for a total of 100 points, the results of the evaluation showed that the score in group one was $73.0{\pm}15.8$ points and $45.1{\pm}18.4$ points in group two, showing a significant difference. No statistical difference was seen in the scores between non-pediatric specialists and general practitioners. Each answer to each question on the feeding period of breast milk, on loose stools during breast milk feeding, methods to deal with jaundice during breast milk feeding, choice of commercial baby food, criteria on directing soy milk, and criteria of guiding infant cereal was different between group one and two. Conclusion : The results of the present investigation showed that specialists in other fields or general practitioners were giving inappropriate advice on nutrition during the infant stage compared with pediatric specialists; thus, we need to confirm methods to prevent inappropriate consultations by specialists of other fields, together with continued education of pediatric specialists.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1388-1397
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to obtain information regarding to the food habits including health-related behaviors, the nutrition knowledge and the satisfaction on the dormitory food service. The subjects of this study were 758 college students (580 male and 178 female) residing in the dormitory in Ulsan. The data were obtained through questionnaire and interview, and were analyzed using the SPSS package program. the results of this study are as follows: The average age of the subjects was $20.7\pm2.3$ years old. The average height and weight of male were $175.2\pm5.0\;cm\;and\;69.4\pm9.6\;kg$, respectively. Those of female were $162.6\pm4.1\;cm\;and\;51.8\pm5.9\;kg$, respectively. The BMI value of male was $22.6\pm0.1$ which ranged within normal level, but that of female was $19.6\pm0.2$ which ranged underweight level. In the case of food habits, $26.0\%$ of total subjects always skipped a meal (especially breakfast). The main reasons for skipping meals were no time to eat, no appetite, and weight control. Most of subjects ($69.3\%$) have usually eaten snack after dinner, their most favorite food was noodle (ramen), and the next was pizza. With regard to the health care, there was a significant difference between male and female respect to smoking (p<0.001), drinking (p<0.01) and exercise level (p< 0.001). The mean food habit score of the subjects was $59.9\pm11.1$. Male students had a higher food habit score than female students (male: $60.6\pm10.9$, female: $57.7\pm11.4$), and the group residing longer period had a higher food habit score than the one residing shorter period. Average nutrition knowledge score of subjects was $7.8\pm1.8$. Gender, residing periods, monthly pocket money influenced on the nutrition knowledge score. Female had a higher score than that of male (P<0.001), and the group residing longer period had a higher score than the one residing shorter period (p<0.01), and the group who had more monthly pocket money had a higher score than the one who had less. No significant correlation was found between food habit score and nutrition knowledge score. In the case of dormitory food service, the total subjects showed high satisfaction scores for the sanitation and the atmosphere, while low scores for the menu and the quality of food service. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health-related behaviors of college students in dormitory. However, further studies and nutrition counseling are needed to improve food habits and nutrition knowledge.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.165-201
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the development of language education of Christian early childhood education by exploring the change of pre-Christian preschool teachers through the development of biblical language education activities. Interviews, surveys, action plans, and reflections of 19 Christian education students who participated in the development of bible-based language education activities for children based on the language of early childhood language, were conducted from September 3 to December 28, 2018. The data were collected through a portfolio. By analyzing the collected data, the key categories were derived and categorized. For the objectification of data analysis and interpretation, two thematic and early childhood education specialists were identified. As a result, the preparatory Christian teacher experience for the development of bible-based langage education activities for young children was categorized into cognitive change, personality change and practical change. First, through the development of bible-based early childhood language education activities, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers have brought cognitive changes as 'processes not outcomes', 'integration not separation', 'living non-curriculum' and 'meaning not effect'. In developing bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers experienced a cognitive change in the 'process of language education activities' rather than the developmental achievements and results of early childhood language education. Christian pre-service early childhood teachers recognized the necessity of 'integration of listening-speaking-reading-writing', not the separation of early childhood language education. They recognized the importance of 'informal language education in kindergarten life', as well as teacher-centered formal language education. In addition, they have made a cognitive change that 'child-centered meaningful language education experience' is more important than the effectiveness of early childhood language education. Second, in developing bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers showed personality changes as 'confident teachers', 'professional teachers', and 'teachers with reflective thoughts and attitudes'. Finally, in developing bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers recognized the power of positive language and practiced it to form habits of using the right language and to link Christian education with early childhood education. Through the development of bible-based language education activities for young children, Christian pre-service early childhood teachers are equipped with the heart attitude and enthusiasm required to become true early childhood teachers for young children in unpredictable educational conditions and rapidly changing educational realities. Teacher efficacy has improved. In the future, it is expected that various teacher education programs linking Christian education and early childhood education will be continuously and systematically implemented.