• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2010

Research and development related to advanced railway systems is currently underway presently to promote the maintenance and economic feasibility of subways, and the aim of such research and development is to enhance the functionality, passenger convenience, system safety and reliability assurance of the subway. In this situation, a study that predicts the effect that the development of such an advanced railway system would have on subway users is required. To this end, this study derived willingness to pay and decision factors with the introduction of an advanced railway system after surveying passengers who use subway lines 1~8. The Price Sensitivity Method (PSM) was applied to derive the willingness to pay in relation to user convenience (operating speed, ride comfort, safety, comfort, security and informativeness) with the introduction of an advanced railway system. In addition, willingness to pay and decision factors were examined after explaining the effects of introducing an advanced railway system in detail to subway users. Through the analysis, it was found that willingness to pay amounted to a premium of 148 won ~ 161 won with the introduction of an advanced railway system, and that this was affected by factors such as gender, frequency of use, satisfaction with comfort, and satisfaction with security.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.861-867
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• 2007

This Research analyzes the consumers' willingness to pay(WTP) for residential water on severe drought condition. The 7 large cities and 32 chronicle drought regions have been selected for this research survey. Results show that the consumers of large cities, which are relatively rich, think water quality is more important than quantity, but the consumers of 32 chronicle drought regions expressed just opposite. Dichotomous choice and open-ended questionnaire are mixed for the survey and Tobit model is applied in the analysis. As we expected, the higher the education level, the number of household member, and the income, the higher the WTP. When there is 25% reduction of supply, the WTP is about $2 per month. Contrary to the expectation, WTP is just slightly increased for 50% of water supply reduction. This is because of the resistance of tax as well as the limited actual experiences of water shortage so, they underestimated it. In any cases, actual WTP for actual water shortage is much higher than this result. More effective water supply and distribution schedule must be ready as a national and local level to prepare severe drought in the near future. Consumers are willing to pay higher price than the current level for water security. Water distributional system should be reconsidered and alternative source of water also be prepared.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5B
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

In existing studies about benefit of water quality improvement using WTP, the object of survey is described pre-policy water quality as "current water quality" and improved (post-policy) water quality as "boatable, fishable and swimmable". Multiply WTP by the number of households of basin is total benefit. The existing studies are not benefit of a specific water resource business but benefit of a policy on unsubstantial water resource business. Because of a lack of objectivity and oversimplification, it is difficult for survey respondents to understand an object of survey. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a benefit estimation methodology for raw water quality improvement in water resource development business. After conducting a survey of WTP of 1,000 housewives who is using water service in the National Capital region, the relational expression of water quality improvement (BOD) and WTP is derived by using statistical analysis of the survey. As a case study, the stream water quality improvement benefit of Song Li Won multipurpose dam was evaluated, which is planned to be built at the local secondary stream section on Nae Sung stream in Nak-Dong River system. As a result of study, annual average benefit evaluation is 5,980 million won on the average annual planned discharge, 8,663 million won on the planned discharge during the period except for wet season (July to October), 11,905 million won on the planned discharge during water quality declining period and 14,502 million won on the planned discharge during water quality declining period respectively. By using the relational expression of BOD-WTP, it is easy to estimate the benefit without regard for water quality.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2008

This paper double-bound dichotomous choice method as a contingent valuation methods is used to derive willingness to pay for the water quality at the Anyangcheon watershed. The linear random utility model show that value of improvement of the Anyangcheon watershed water quality is 4,930 won per house and month of the Seoul and Gyeong-gi area residents. There is no difference between Seoul and Gyeong-gi area residents. Respondents overall accepted the contingent market and were willing to contribute a significant amount (3,860 to 5,101 won), on average, per household per month. The aggregate value of the water quality improvement in the Anyangcheon watershed amounts to approximately 83.0 to 109.7 billion won per year. This study is expected to contribute to the decision-making process for policy-makers by providing useful methodological framework and quantitative information related to watershed improvement projects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2019

Over the last few years, air pollution ($PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$) in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) has emerged as one of the most concerned and threatening environmental issues among the residents. It brings about various harmful effects on human health, as well as ecosystem and industrial activities. Governments and individuals pay various costs to mitigate the level of air pollutants. This study aims to empirically find the willingness to pays (WTP) among the parents from different socio-cultural groups - international and domestic groups to mitigate air pollution ($PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$) in their residential area. Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM) is used with employing single-bounded dichotomous choice technique to elicit the respondent's WTP. Using tobit (censored regression) and probit models, the monthly mean WTP of the pooled sample for green electricity which contributes to improve air quality in the region was estimated as 3,993 KRW (3.58 USD). However, the mean WTP between the international group and domestic group through a sub-sample analysis shows broad distinction as 3,325KRW (2.98 USD) and 4,449 KRW (3.98 USD) respectively. This is because that socio-cultural characteristics of each group such as socio-economic status, personal experience, trust in institutions and worldview are differently associated with the WTP. Based on the results, the society needs to raise awareness of lay people to find a strong linkage between the current PM issue and green electricity. Also, it needs to improve trust in the government's pollution abatement policy to mobilize more assertive participation of the people from different socio-cultural background.

• Survey Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-86
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of starting point bias in the bidding game contingent valuation elicitation technique when determining willingness to pay (WTP) for improving the qualify of running water in Seoul and its vicinity. Of all existing contingent techniques, the bidding game most closely mimics the normal price taking behavior in local markets. Three different starting points (low, medium and high) were used to determine WTP and the existence of starting point bias in the meanwhile respectively. The respondents were randomly assigned to the three different starting point groups in order to ensure homogeneity, so that any variation seen in WTP could be attributed to the starting point effects. And a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire used to elicit WTP. Non-parametric test and the logit model were used to analyze the data for evidence of starting point bias. In this instance, the high starting point group had a high WTP, and low starting point group had a low WTP. This means there exist starting point bias in estimating WTP by bidding game in this instance. This finding might signal that people may actually be making up their minds on the maximum amount they are willing to pay for running water service as a bidding iterating is going on and is influenced by the starting point used in the bidding game. The problem of slaking point bias can be avoided if the respondent is asked directly for the maximum WTP without payment cards or a bidding game. But such a question is perceived as being very difficult to answer and this leads to problems of non-response and being unrealistic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

While the expansion of protected areas in accordance with Korea's National Biodiversity Strategy contributions to the conservation of biological diversity, it incurs economic losses and poses threats to the livelihoods of local residents. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) compensates local residents for their economic damages in a sustainable manner. To assess feasibility of PES, there is a need to estimate the general public's benefits from biodiversity conservation in protected areas. This study attempted to estimate visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation in Mt. Jiri using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The WTP of respondents for the expansion of protected areas to increase biodiversity conservation was estimated at 16,103 KRW per household per year and this equates to a total of 316.8 billion KRW for all the households in Korea. The higher a respondent's age, education level and household income level, the more willing he or she is to pay for biodiversity conservation. Likewise, respondents who are aware of Mt. Jiri's designation as an Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area are more willing to pay for biodiversity conservation. Moreover, the higher the importance placed on biodiversity conservation policy, the higher the willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation. To enhance the feasibility of PES schemes, it is necessary to improve the general public's knowledge and awareness of biodiversity by providing opportunities for education and more information on biodiversity and biodiversity policies.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.35
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• pp.461-471
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• 2018

This study aims to determine the value of the willingness to pay(WTP) admission fees through surveying the level at which visitors to national science museums in Korea are willing to pay for admission fees. The determination helps objectively identify ways to substantially increase admission-based revenues, thereby enhancing managerial efficiency of national science museums. Using the contingent valuation method(CVM), we analyzed the WTP for admission fees of 250 visitors to Gwacheon National Science Museum. The statistical analysis revealed that the average amount of WTP was far higher than the current admission fees(4,000 won for adults and 2,000 won for children and adolescents). WTP of questionnaire respondents was normally distributed at the mean of 8,447 won for adult admission and 6,535 won for non-adult admission to Gwacheon National Science Museum. This result can be used as basic evidence to redetermine admission fees of national science museums and ultimately improve financial vitality.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4B
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• pp.233-242
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• 2012

In the past, the domestic water supply benefit of dam has been estimated by replacement dam cost approach. But it is logically inappropriate that we use the second priority dam as a replaced facility. Therefore, this study aims to suggest the estimation method of the domestic water supply benefit by using demand function, which is deduced from Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) of consumers. For this purpose, a survey concerning the marginal WTP is carried out according to the change of water use amount used, targeted 1,000 households in metropolitan area. And by using the marginal WPT, we estimated the demand function of a family. Finally, the monthly benefit equation is derived. The approach is demonstrated and discussed for an example, the Song-Li-Won dam project which is now renamed Young-Ju dam. From the example study, the total benefit for the durable years (50 years), was about 90 billion won. The method proposed herein is expected to be practical and useful in the economic analysis of the domestic water supply project including dam construction, as well as in further studies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.323-333
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• 2012

This paper is aimed to recognize trends of various social groups about multiple transportation policies such as the crosswalk restoration by eliminating the pedestrian overpasses and the improvement or continuous extension of existing pedestrian overpasses, currently implemented in Busan, following the globally prevailing pedestrian-oriented transportation environment. Also, this paper utilizes Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to evaluate the efficiency of individual alternatives in terms of respondent's willingness-to-pay (WTP). Consequently, survey participants preferred the crosswalk or improvement of the pedestrian overpasses rather than depending on the existing pedestrian overpasses. In addition, the WTP value for the crosswalk restoration is approximately 42,452 won per household per year, and, on the other hand, the WTP value for the improvement of existing pedestrian overpasses is approximately 36,793 won per household per year, implicating that the transportation policy makers are suggested to place more priorities on crosswalk restoration than the improvement of the existing pedestrian overpasses.