• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.582-590
• /
• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the effect of 70% EtOH extract from Hippophae Rhamnoides L. leaves (HRL) on the anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of HRL on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. In addition, we examined the gene expression levels by using RT-PCR and western blot. The results of this analysis showed that 100 ㎍/㎖ HRL significantly increased the inhibition of lipid accumulation by 82.25%; significantly decreased the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 cells as well as the stimulated protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); and suppressed the expression level of PPARγ. These results suggest that HRL can prevent adipogenesis through activation of AMPKα and inhibition of adipogenesis transcription factors.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.222-231
• /
• 1994

밤바구미 유충기의 whole body로부터 cyclic AMP(CAMP)를 추출하여 농도 변화를 측정하였고 cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase(PKA)를 부분 정제하여 활성도 변화를 조사하여 CAMP 농도와 PKA 활성도와의 소장관계를 비교하였다 CAMP 농도와 PKA 활성도는 HPLC와 liquid scintillation counter를 이용하여 측정하였다 CAMP 농도는 밤바구미 유충에서 월동전에 0.57 UMlg로 가장 높았고, 월동중에 0. 14 UMIS로 감소하였다가 월동후에 0.29 UMlg로 증가하였다 또한 PKA 활성도는 월동전에 2.56unit/mg로 가장 높았으며, 월동중에 0.62 unit/mg로 감소하다가 월동후에 07 unit/mg로 다시 증가하여 CAMP 농도 변화와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 월동전에 휴면에 대비하여 최대의 취식으로 지방체 축적이 가장 많았고, 월동중에는 지방체의 소비가 증대되.기 때문에 감소하였다가, 월동후 휴면 종결과 유충-번데기 탈피를 준비하기 위해 'CAMP 농도와 PKA 활성도는 다시 증가하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.693-696
• /
• 1998

Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. This study was performed to investigate some effects of water soluble chitooligosaccharides on liver function in the mouse. The animals given the sterol diet containing 3% cholesterol for 6 weeks showed increase in plasma cholesterol level, which were lowered by 23% when they were fed on 1% chotooligosaccharide. While there was no significant change in liver cholesterol and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. Continuous administration of 15% ethanol via drinking water to mice for 8 weeks elicited pathological alterations such as inflammation, necrosis, accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and increase in GPT activity, while simultaneous administration of ethanol and chitooligosaccharide prevented remarkedly ethanol-induced liver injury; there was no observable lipid droplet and GPT activity was decreased by 25% in the liver. These results suggest that chitooligosaccharide play some roles in liver function, such as reducing the plasma cholesterol level and preventing alcoholic liver disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 1984

The growth response, lipid deposition, fat free body mass and energy expenditure of weanling rats fed the equal amount of isocaloric diets containing 8%, 13% and 18% casein were investigated. After a period of 30day feeding, the rats fed low level of protein diet were 43.01g lighter than 18% protein group (weight gains of ${85.57}{\pm}{7.50g}$ vs. ${128.58}{\pm}{11.64g}$, p<0.01). Despite of the smaller body size, there were no significant differences in lipid deposition in grams per carcass. Whereas, nitrogen accumulation was significantly greater in 13% and 18% protein fed groups compared to 8%. The estimated energy expenditure were 4,576.61 kJ, 5,440.80kJ and 5,607.67kJ for 8%, 13% and 18% protein groups respectively. The part of excess energy consumed by the low protein group may have been dissipated. The malic enzyme activity in the liver of rats was found to be unaltered by different dietary treatments. From these observations, it was conluded that the retarded growth response in lower protein level may have been originated from the shortage ge of protein supply rather than that of the energy. The protein restriction appeared to be resulted in the lower fat free compartment without affecting the ability of rats to synthesize body lipid in a similar rate to the higher protein group when energy intakes were equalized.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.358-365
• /
• 2018

Whole grain cereal (WGC)-rich diets provide macronutrients that are important for the regulation of energy metabolism. The current study evaluated whether WGCs had a preventive effect on sarcopenic obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6N mice were fed a normal diet (ND), ND+WGC, HFD, and HFD+WGC for 12 weeks. WGCs significantly reduced body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, fat mass, and adipocyte size in HFD-induced obese mice. WGCs attenuated HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing liver weight and hepatic fat accumulation. In addition, WGCs increased muscle strength and muscle mass in HFD-induced obese mice as well as in ND mice. Taken together, WGCs can be employed as functional food materials for the prevention of sarcopenic obesity by inhibiting fat accumulation and increasing muscle mass.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 1990

This studies were conducted to investigate the difference of carcass characteristics between chicken broiler and duck broiler and the carcass characteristics of chicken broiler by sex, rearing type, season and feed and water deprivation with 240 chicken broilers and 20 duck broilers. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The carcass yields were 65.43% in chicken broiler and 66.78% in duck broiler. The abdominal fat pad of chicken broiler was higher than that of duck broiler. 2. There were differences in commercial cuts production percentages between chicken broiler and duck broiler, and the commercial cut of chicken broiler was produced from drumsticks and thighs, breast back, wings and neck in order. 3. Although there was little difference in carcass yields between male and female of broiler, the abdominal fat pad of male broiler was lower than that of female broiler. 4. The carcass yields in cage and floor type were not different, but the abdominal fat pad in cage was slightly higher than that in floor. 5. There was no difference in carcass yields among Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, but the abdominal fat pad was highest in Summer and lowest in Winter. 6. As feed and water deprivation time increased by one hour, live weight was decreased by 0.28365% , and the carcass yield was highest after 6 hours depribated feed and water.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 2019

Fat accumulation in adipocytes occurs through the process of adipogenesis in which preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. Obesity is a metabolic disorder caused by excessive accumulation of fat in the body, which increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and various cancers. Recently, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation was shown to be a potential antiobesity strategy. In this study, the inhibitory effect of dichloromethane fractions from Illicium verum Hooker fil. water extract on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes was investigated. Dichloromethane fractions from I. verum Hooker fil. significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation when applied during the adipocyte differentiation process, as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil-red O staining. In addition, dichloromethane fractions from I. verum Hooker fil. reduced important adipogenic transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), $C/EBP{\beta}$, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$). The expression of FAS and LPL, which are terminal differentiation markers of mature adipocytes, was also reduced in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with dichloromethane fractions from I. verum Hooker fil. In addition, the treatment significantly inhibited mitotic clonal expansion, which is essential for adipocyte differentiation, by arresting the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these results suggest that dichloromethane fractions from I. verum Hooker fil. may be a natural material with antiobesity effects.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) on the carcass characteristics, growth performance, serum cholesterol, and fatty acid in thigh of chicken meat. Two hundred broiler (Arbor Acre Broiler, male) were randomly assigned to five groups and were fed for five weeks and slaughtered. Thigh muscle was used for determining fatty acid composition. There was no significant difference in growth performance, such as weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion by CLA levels. Among carcass characteristics, percentage of carcass, thigh, breast, and drumstick was not influenced by the dietary CLA levels, but abdominal fat was significantly reduced with the increased CLA amount in the broilers diets (p<0.05). Higher CLA levels increased HDL-C and reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C (p<0.05). As the dietary CLA levels increased, muscular palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid) levels was increased, but the rates of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) were decreased. In addition. CLA isomers were linearly increased with the increase in dietary CLA levels (p<0.05). As a conclusion, 2% of CLA feeding is possible to maximize accumulation of CLA in meat, but changes in fatty acid composition is not profitable. Therefore, 1% of CLA feeding i,j considered to be proper for accumulation of CLA and minimization of the change in fatty acid.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.769-779
• /
• 2002

Although negative evidences of trans fatty acids(tFAs) are gradually increasing, the hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs are controversial and its biological significances are still not known. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary tFAs on cholesterol metabolism and membrane fluidity in rats. Animals were fed diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 20% test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) for 8 weeks. Each test fats(margarine, butter, corn oil) contained 25%, 8.5% and no tFAs, respectively, Plasma total triglyceride(TG) were not different among diet treatments. Feeding trans fat diets (margarine and butter) lowered plasma cholesterol. Specially, butter diet elevated LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels, resulting in the highest atherogenic index among diet treatments. Hepatic cholesterol concentration and HMG CoA reductase activity were also decreased, whereas fecal excretion of cholesterol was increased in trans fat-fed animals. trans fat containing diets also decreased hepatic membrane fluidity. From these results, it can be concluded that hypercholesterolemic effect of tFAs can be modulated by the fatty acid composition of diets, but its spatial cofiguration may help behave like saturated fatty acid in membrane fluidity.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2012

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accumulation state of fat in liver cells without excessive alcohol intake, and it has been studied that is closely related to obesity. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for NAFLD and may prevent or to manage risk factors. This study was in progress for six months (2011 May 1 to October 31), of the 83 people who underwent abdominal ultrasound 11 people eventually were selected. Research results was as follows : First, the decreased body weight and body mass index (BMI), and the second, a decrease of the deepening of fatty liver in ultrasound diagnosis, and the third, steady movement reduces the deepening of fatty liver regardless of calories. Thus, the implication of this research is that long-term exercise programs have positive effects in the treatment of fatty liver.