• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.235-251
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• 2001

According to Chomskyan grammar, humans can generate and understand an unbounded number of grammatical sentences. Against the background of pure and idealized linguistic competence, this linguistic productivity is argued and understood. In actual utterances, however, there are many limitations of productivity but they are said to come from the general constraints on performances such as capacity of short term memory or attention. In this paper I discuss a problem raised against idealized productivity. I argue that linguistic productivity idealizes our linguistic competence too much. By separating idealized competence from the various constraints of performance, Chomskyan theorists can argue for unlimited productivity. However, the absolute distinction between grammar (pure competence) and parser (actual psychological processes) makes little sense when we explain the low acceptability(intelligibility) of center embedded sentences. Usually, the problem of center embedded sentence is explained in terms of memory shortage or other performance constraints. To explain the low acceptability, however, we need to assume specialized memory structure because the low acceptability occurs only with a specific type of syntactic pattern. 1 argue that this special memory structure should not be considered as a general performance constraint. It is a domain specific (specifically linguistic) constraints and an intrinsic part of human language processing. Recent development of Chomskyan grammar, i.e., minimalist approach seems to close the gap between pure competence and this type of specialized constraints. Chomsky's earlier approach of generative grammar focuses on end result of the generative derivation. However, economy principle (of minimalist approach) focuses on actual derivational processes. By having less mathematical or less idealized grammar, we can come closer to the actual computational processes that build syntactic structure of a sentence. In this way, we can have a more concrete picture of our linguistic competence, competence that is not detached from actual computational processes.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.69-91
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• 2016

The purposes of this article are to raise the quality issues of Collaborative Digital Reference Services(CDRS) in Korean libraries and to suggest the feasible solutions to resolve the quality problems of CDRS. To the end, a thorough examination on the development process and present condition of main Korean CDRS such as 'Question포인트' and' '사서에게 물어보세요'. This article investigates the causes of 'low quality' in Korean CDRS with emphasizing both technical problems and managerial limitations. Finally suggested are the solutions to improve the low quality of CDRS with special concerns on Korean library situation. Discussions on this article are based on literature review, statistical analysis, and usability tests on the targeted Korean CDRS, '사서에게 물어보세요'(Ask a Librarian in Korean version).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

In order to solve the problems such as overload, single point of failure, non-optimized data path, and network scalability in conventional central mobility management protocols, distributed mobility management schemes have been continually studied in and around the IETF. In this paper, a network-based partially-distributed mobility management mechanism, pDMMv6, is suggested and the performance comparison with traditional protocols such as PMIPv6 and MIPv6 is made through simulation under the various user traffic environment. The simulation results include UDP packet delivery ratio, end-to-end packet delay, binding delay for registration signaling, CPU utilization in each node, and response delays in several server-client TCP applications such as web browsing, e-mail, telnet remote login, FTP file up/down-load, and database access.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.17-28
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• 2004

Since the Internet has grown into a large communication infrastructure, the network management system to systematically manage the large number of network components has become an essential part of the Internet. The rapid growth of network size has brought into question the scalability of the existing centralized model, such as SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol). Thus, for efficient network management, researches about mobile agent have also been performed recently. This paper presents analytical models of centralized approach based on SNMP protocol, distributed approach based on mobile agent, and mixed mode to make up for shortcomings of SNMP and mobile agent. We compare the performance of these analytical models based on network management response time. Experiment results show that performance of mobile agent and the mixed mode is less sensitive to the delay in WAN network environment. However, SNMP is more efficient for the simple network environment like LAN.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2018

With the advance of the 4th industrial revolution, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is actively being studied. In the era of the IoT, a decentralized operation is required to reduce load on servers and enable autonomous IoT data communication rather than focusing on centralized operation of being server client structures. This paper analyzes the security of a blockchain, a new form of distributed database platform that supports integrity and permanence of data. To achieve this, we divide the blockchain's major operations into a consensus process, network communication process, and key management process, and then describe possible attacks and countermeasures in each process. We also describe the attack occurred in typical cryptocurrency platforms such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.723-724
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• 2017

Recently, researches are being conducted to build a smart environment using various sensors and devices and to provide customized services to users through inter object communication. However, the existing system utilizes a centralized method of transmitting measured sensor data in real time to the server and processing it in batches and As the system is expanded, there is a problem that a high-end server must be configured. In this paper, we design a Resource Allocation Algorithm for IoT distributed processing environment to solve these problems. The resources required for the device to operate are transferred to the server and the server allocates resources in comparison to the task in progress. Therefore, it is expected that the data throughput of the server will be reduced and various devices can be configured in a server having a low specification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.889-890
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• 2016

Existing machine-to-machine collaboration system is a centralized structure system fo built OpenWrt and a Web server on the router. But scarce resources of the router are getting more requests from the collaboration client when a problem has occurred with increasing probability of a client object, the higher the traffic. In this paper, in order to solve the problem, we propose a distributed system utilizing Machine Socialization cooperation algorithm. The MCU attached to the machine to minimize the traffic occurrence probability and loss of the data by processing to distribute the data between the server and the client. Also improve the response speed between the server and the client and the operation stop caused by the loss of data. The proposed system will be utilized if the IoT field will be high efficiency compared to existing systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.246-248
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• 2021

Recently data has been transformed into a data economy and society that acts as a catalyst for the development of all industries and the creation of new value, and COVID-19 is accelerating digital transformation. In the upcoming intelligent Internet of Things era, the availability of decentralized systems such as blockchain and mixnet is emerging to solve the security problems of centralized systems that makes it difficult to utilize data safely and efficiently. Blockchain manages data in a transparent and decentralized manner and guarantees the reliability and integrity of the data through agreements between participants, but the transparency of the data threatens the privacy of users. On the other hand, mixed net technology for protecting privacy protects privacy in distributed networks, but due to inefficient power consumption efficiency and processing speed issues, low cost, light weight, low power consumption Internet Hard to use. In this paper, we analyze the limitations of conventional mixed-net technology and propose a mixed-net technology method for low power consumption, high speed, and the Internet of things.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Purpose: The early churches such as tabernacle, temple and synagogue had played a important role to form space concepts of western churches. Tabernacle and temple were designed with vertical axis which consisted of sanctuary, sanctum, outdoor yard. Synagogue was designed pew of congregation around pulpit to give a sermon. The aim of this paper is to analyze spatial principles of churches designed with vertical axis and centralized plan. Method: The concept of vertical axis plan succeeded to Basilica, Romanesque and Gothic churches, and the concept of centralized plan succeeded to Byzantine and Renaissance churches. Therefore, this paper analyzed spatial characteristics and role of light in churches according to epoch, and was progressed by examining the existing researches and case studies. Result: The churches designed with vertical axis plan realized spatial composition to show the concept of domus dei, and worship space was illuminated with mysterious light. The churches designed with centralized plan realized spatial composition to show the concept of domus ecclesiae, and light created dramatic holiness in worship space.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2008

As the increasing of users' request about internet web service, the importance of ontology to construct semantic web is increasing now. Early Internet data processing was studied in the form of data integration through centralized ontology construction. However, because of distributed environment of internet, when integrating data of distributed site, it is required to integrate data of each site in terms of peer-to-peer data processing for corresponding to fast change of internet. In this paper, in distributed environment, we propose data processing method which construct ontology in each site with ontology language OWL. Furthermore, through relational representation of OWL, we propose the system containing distributed query processing for data constructed in different site with different method.