• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.857-865
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• 2016

This study analyzes 'willingness to have passenger cars' through perception survey about car use and possession. Social problems caused by increasing car use are serious. Because of the fact that 78.9% of registered vehicles are passenger cars and 75.3% of passenger cars are private cars, passenger cars are main reason of Social problems caused by using a car. So, we need to analyze the reason why people possess cars and need additional cars. Also we need to study about 'willingness to possess additional cars' through analysis of perception about car use and ownership. According to survey results, most households possess cars as means of commute, and most households need additional cars as means of commute to office, leisure, kids' commute to school and academy. Also we used Structural Equation Model to analyze car use and 'willingness to possess additional cars' according to ownership. Analysis results showed that car use is positively impacted by driving and usage perception, and negatively impacted by social problems such as parking, traffic congestion, traffic environment, and etc. Also, results showed that the number of car is positively impacted by usage perception, and negatively impacted by expenses. In case of 'willingness to have additional cars', is positively impacted by intention to use cars and negatively impacted by car ownerships. We think research results can be used as basic data to manage traffic demand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

Recently, traffic congestion has become serious due to increase of private car usages. Carsharing or other innovative public transportation systems were developed to alleviate traffic congestion and carbon emissions. These measures can make the traffic environment more comfortable, and efficient. Cloud Transportation System (CTS) is a recent carsharing model. User can rent an electronic vehicles with various traffic information through the CTS. In this study, a concept, vision and scenarios of CTS are introduced. And, authors analyzed the location of CTS rental stations and estimated CTS demands. Firstly, we analyze the number of the population, employees, students and traffic volume in study areas. Secondly, the frequency and utilization time are examined. Demand for CTS in each traffic zone was estimated. Lastly, the CTS rental station location is determined based on the analyzed data of the study areas. Evaluation standard of the determined location includes accessibility and density of population. And, the number of vehicles and that of parking zone at the rental station are estimated. The result suggests that Haewoondae Square parking lot would be assigned 11 vehicles and 14.23 parking spaces and that Dongbac parking lot be assigned 7.9 vehicles and 10.29 parking spaces. Further study requires additional real-time data for CTS to increase accuracy of the demand estimation. And network design would be developed for redistribution of vehicles.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

This paper is an empirical analysis as a reference model that can predict up to the maximum number of elementary school student care needs in local governments across the country. This study analyzed and predicted the characteristics of the region based on machine learning to predict the demand for elementary care in a new apartment complex. For this purpose, a total of 292 variables were used, including data related to apartment structure, such as number of parking spaces per household, and building-to-land ratio, environmental data around apartments such as distance to elementary schools, and population data of administrative districts. The use of various variables is of great significance, and it is meaningful in complex analysis. It is also an empirical case study that increased the reliability of the model through comparison with the actual value of the basic local government.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.995-998
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• 2007

The number of households old over as much as 20 years is expected to get increased rapidly more than 1,000,000(1 million). As a measure to this fact remodeling is being revitalized over the country. parking lots expansion actually takes up a great deal of weight among the requirement for remodeling. When constructing a parking lot for enlargement, the way of going into the main building determines such construction features as selection of Retaining Wall Method, installation of an elevator, parking measure of capacity, etc. This study derived the affecting factors for selecting the way of going into the main building when constructing an underground parking lot. In a research way, we examined the features on each method of going into the main building in an apartment complex through an in-depth interview with some experts after investigating the method of enlarging an underground parking lot and going into the main building. After that, we derived the affecting factors for selecting the way of going into the main building. The affecting factors include constructability, convenience, economic efficiency as a high level as well as existence and nonexistence of basement and removal, safety of current building, parking measure of capacity, amenity, inhabitant traffic line, construction expenses and construction duration as a low one. This study will be applied as a reference for selecting the way of going into the main building when constructing an underground parking lot especially targetted on an old apartment house.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.756-766
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• 2011

In order to investigate the degree of apartment parking lot dust contamination, total 72 samples of parking lot dust (36 from ground parking lots and 36 from the underground parking lots) were collected in Daegu city from the end of March to the early June 2010. The dust samples were sieved below $100{\mu}m$, and analysed by ICP for 14 elements after an acid extraction. Results obtained from the source assessment of trace element using enrichment factor showed that Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were influenced by natural sources, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were influenced by anthropogenic sources in both the ground parking lot and the underground parking lot. And results showed that Ca were influenced by natural sources in the ground parking lot, but influenced by anthropogenic sources in the underground parking lot. The measured values were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Underground parking lot dust was more affected by anthropogenic sources and contaminated compared with the ground parking lot dust. Pollution index of heavy metals revealed that underground parking lot dust was 5.5 times more contaminated with heavy metal components than the ground parking lot dust. The results of correlation analysis among trace elements indicated that components in the ground parking lot were more correlated than those in the underground parking lot, and especially more correlated with natural sources-natural sources. Analysis for correlations between components and influencing factors in the underground parking lot showed that concentrations of heavy metals were higher with smaller number of parking spaces and no ventilation system, and older apartments in last paint and cleaning had relatively higher contents of heavy metals than those of recently painted and cleaned.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

There were many theories to suggest the indicators that evaluate stability and reflect the plan in mixed traffic street in all traffic modes This Paper analyzed residential street of Suwon City adopting time-space occupancy index among these indicates. Three survey street. congregated into apartment house. were selected to analyze this and pictured by video camera over one hour. and the length of these street were 76m, 55m, and 34m each, and major street by each region, comparably high in Pedestrians and pass vehicles, were selected. Basic datum to calculate time-space occupancy index and time-space occupancy index per person was gathered through video analysis. i.e Parameters for pedestrians, cars, bicycles, average speed of bicycles, and parking car. There are some limitation to analyze LOS of mixed traffic street in all traffic modes, not pedestrian mall. Therefore this paper presented evaluation standard of LOS. In conclusion. the aim of this paper is to suggest modeling based on guidelines for evaluating LOS of mixed traffic street in all traffic modes. It is estimated that this will be influencing indicates for improving pedestrian environment, and Planning mixed traffic street in future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

The number of registered vehicles increased to one million in 1985 and ten million in 1997, and the parking lots in multi-family housing complex that had been mainly constructed on the ground level began to be constructed in underground levels. Therefore, planting design in such complex were greatly changed. This study classifies the parking lots in multi-family housing complexes located in Cheongju into three categories: above-ground, mixture of above-ground and underground, and underground. The characteristics of planting design in each were then analyzed. The rate of parking per family increased by two or more in the type of mixture when compared to in the type of above-ground. As underground parking lots became dominant, the rate of parking per family increased to one car or more. The green area ratio did not change considerably when above-ground parking was combined with underground parking, but the green area per total floor space was reduced, which indicates the quality of green area became lower. Most of the parking lots in multi-family housing complexes since 2000 have been constructed underground, and the green area became larger. As for the species of trees used in planting design, trees that are vulnerable to damage by blight and harmful insects and may be repugnant have been reduced and replaced by trees whose shapes are beautiful and whose flowers and fruits can be appreciated, such as Chionanthus retusa, Malus floribunda, Styrax japonicus, Prunus mume, Lagerstroemia indica. Pine trees are variously planted with diversified standards, and, in particular, tall pine trees are being utilized as focal points. Herbaceous flowers began to be planted in underground parking lots constructed since 2000, and they are expected to be planted even more due to the appreciation of their flowers and their splendid appearance.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.44-51
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• 2017

Recently, the parking in downtown area has caused severe problem due to the dramatic increase of possessing automobile in the country. A parking structure has been on the spotlight to solve the parking problem in downtown area. However, the overall height of parking structure is stipulated less than 8 m. Therefore, in this research, 'wide composite beam', which is possible for reducing story height and having long span, is developed and the flexural capacity of the wide composite beam is evaluated. Based on the result of the flexural test, the flexural strength of wide composite beam increased by 20% as the thickness of steel beam increased by 3 mm ($6mm{\rightarrow}9mm$) The shapes of rebar (whether it is triangle or rectangular shape) in the wide composite beam did not affect its flexural strength. The flexural strength of wide composite beam without rebar decreased by 10% compared to that of wide composite beam with rebar. In addition, the neutral axis moved upward as a load increased, but the neutral axis moved downward, when the load exceeded a certain level of load.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

In the latest date, vehicles are offered to the drivers, not only the skill for shifting but the pleasure for driving vehicles that are existing today can be a social problem because the amount of vehicles that are increasing give difficulty for the traffic facilities and parking expansion. these day 80% of four wheeled vehicle carriers single or double person the reducing car scale is an important thing about the financial good use resources of energy and the storage of environment. A solution for these problem is a new general idea vehicle development for one or two person to ride. For the sake of these reasons, first, the information is collected and analyzed about existing foreign countries production. Car external design is intended by mathematical modeling, simulation and model testing about frame system of new concept specially we would like to show three wheeled vehicle that has active tilt control(ATC) system. This car tilts actively by the center rotation wheel and frame when the vehicle turns.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.2021-2031
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• 2013

Due to the rapid economic growth within the nation, the quality of life of individuals have improved dramatically. The scope of living activities of individuals have also extended, resulting in a rapidly increasing demand for automobiles. The number of vehicles registered in Korea is rapidly increasing and will reach 188.71 million as of December 2012. Compared to the registered residents of 50.94 million provided by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, the registered population reflects about 4 people per every automobile. Due to the high demands for vehicles, the demands for parking lots in collective housing and businesses are also increasing. In reality, the current state of expansion of parking lots are underground, due to the limited available space on ground level. Specifically, the slope of a parking lot cannot exceed 17% linear slope and 14% curved slope according to the 'parking lot laws', however studies show that the driver feels at risk for safety when stopped on the parking ramp while driving in the parking lot. This study seeks to examine the suitability of parking lot ramps, concerning the safety aspects of the driver. First, the ramp type was categorized as linear or curved, then test drives were performed based on variations of slopes, slant distances, directions and points. A survey was administered to the driver after the completion of the test drive, in order to element design for an ideal ramp. In the case of curved ramp, the results of the estimate suggests a counterclockwise, slope at a maximum of 12% incline. The maximum slope for a linear ramp was analyzed to be between 13~14%, suggesting that slope greater than 15% need to be eliminated. In conclusion, it is anticipated that the element design parking ramp reported in this study will help to serve as a reference for future parking lot related guidelines, and provide cost effective traffic safety mechanisms in future parking lot businesses to follow.