• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2003

Aquaporins (AQPs)는 다양한 상피세포와 내피세포에 존재하며 다량의 물 수송을 촉진하는 막성단백질로 현재 11개의 AQP가 (AQP0-10) 발견되었으나, 아직 생리적, 기능적 분석은 불충분한 상태이다. 생쥐의 자궁내막은 발정주기 동안 호르몬의 자극에 따라 부풀어오르거나 수축하는 변화를 보이며 에스트로젠과 몇몇 혈관에 작용하는 매개체에 의해 자궁 혈관의 투수성이 증가한다는 보고는 있으나, 자궁액의 수송 메커니즘에 대해서는 뚜렷하게 밝혀진 바가 없다. 발정기의 생쥐 자궁은 자궁내막세포의 증식과 함께 수화되는 특징을 보이며 자궁내강으로 물이 수송되어 luminal fluid의 점성이 낮아지는 현상이 나타나는데, 이 때 AQP가 water channel로서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보고 본 실험에서는 면역조직화학법(immunohistochemistry)과 역전사중합효소연쇄반응(Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)을 통해 발정기 자궁의 수화와 AQP 발현의 상관성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 면역조직화학법의 결과 발정주기의 다른 시기에 비해 발정기(estrus phase)에 자궁상피세포에 AQP4, 5, 8 protein이 다량 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌고, 근육층(myometrium)에서의 발현은 발정주기 동안 차이가 없었다. Whole uterus로 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 AQP4, 5, 8 mRNA는 luteal phase에 비해 follicular phase에 더 많이 발현하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 LCM(Laser Capture Microdissection) system을 이용하여 luminal epithelium과 stromal cell을 분리하여 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 AQP4, 5, 8 mRNA는 stromal cell 보다는 luminal epithelium에 더 많이 발현하며, 이 역시 follicular phase에 발현량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 생쥐 자궁에서 AQP4, 5, 8은 발정주기 내막에 발현이 증가하며 이는 자궁내강 안으로 수분을 수송하는데 주요한 기작으로 사료되며 estrogen에 의한 조절 가능성을 암시한다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a portable and convenient closed-loop contrel type electrical stimulator for patients with foot drop. This system restores walking movement as well as prevents from atrophy or necrosis of lower limb muscles and increases blood circulation in hemiplegic patients caused by traffic accident, industrial disaster or stoke. This system detects the changes of the ankle joint angle during walking, and then controls the stimulus intensity automatically to maintain the programmed level of the ankle joint angle. Also, this automatic system controls the stimulus intensity which is affected by increased electrode impedance resulting from long time use. The system detects the joint angle by an optical sensor and includes modified PID control which adjusts the stimulus intensity if the joint angle deviates from the preset value. Stimulus parameters are 30~80 volt, 40 Hz, and 0.2 ms. The system was applied to five hemiplegic patients for 42 days. Duration of stimulation was 15 min/day for the first week and then the duration was gradually increased to 30, 60, 90 and 120 min/day. The muscle force was increased up to 29.7%, muscle fatigue was decreased compared with the level before stimulation and the pattern of locomotion was improved. These results suggest that the electrical stimulator with closed-loop control type is more convenient and effective in restoration of locomotion of patients with foot drop than open-loop system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.441-450
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• 1998

The medullospinal tract cells are known to play an important role in the control of the cardiovascular activities. To clarify the modes of action of the neurotransmitters on these cells, glutamate, GABA(${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid) and bicuculline were applicated iontophoretically into the rostral ventrolateral medulla in adult cats anesthetised with ${\alpha}$-chloralose. Followings are the results obtained : 1. The spontaneous activities of the cardiac-related neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were increased by the glutamate and decreased by the GABA. 2. Bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA, alone didn't increase the frequency of the action potentials, but could reverse the cellular response to the GABA, simultaneously applicated. 3. GABA seemed to decrease the peak as well as the basal discharge of the neurons in RVLM, but hardly changed their periodicities. 4. The cellular responses of RVLM evoked by the peripheral nerve stimulation could be inhibited by the iontophoretically released GABA. In conclusion, GABA seemed to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter on the cardiac- related neurons in RVLM of the cats anesthetized with ${\alpha}$-chloralose. But the maintenance of the periodicities of these cells after the application of bicuculline suggested that the afferent activity of the baroreceptor didn't play a key role in the spontaneous activities of the RVLM neurons.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-75
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• 2022

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that is able to alter neuronal activity in particular brain regions. Many studies have researched how tDCS modulates neuronal activity and reorganizes neural networks. However it is difficult to conclude the effect of brain stimulation because the studies are heterogeneous with respect to the stimulation parameter as well as individual difference. It is not fully in agreement with the effects of brain stimulation. In particular few studies have researched the reason of variability of brain stimulation in response to time so far. The study investigated individual variability of brain stimulation based on circadian rhythm and chronotype. Participants were divided into two groups which are morning type and evening type. The experiment was conducted by Zoom meeting which is video meeting programs. Participants were sent experiment tool which are Muse(EEG device), tdcs device, cell phone and cell phone holder after manuals for experimental equipment were explained. Participants were required to make a phone in frount of a camera so that experimenter can monitor online EEG data. Two participants who was difficult to use experimental devices experimented in a laboratory setting where experimenter set up devices. For all participants the accuracy of 98% was achieved by SVM using leave one out cross validation in classification in the the effects of morning stimulation and the evening stimulation. For morning type, the accuracy of 92% and 96% was achieved in classification in the morning stimulation and the evening stimulation. For evening type, it was 94% accuracy in classification for the effect of brain stimulation in the morning and the evening. Feature importance was different both in classification in the morning stimulation and the evening stimulation for morning type and evening type. Results indicated that the effect of brain stimulation can be explained with brain state and trait. Our study results noted that the tDCS protocol for target state is manipulated by individual differences as well as target state.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of soft stimulation protocol using GnRH antagonist/clomiphene citrate (CC)/recombinant FSH (rFSH) in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) with intrauterine insemination (IUI), compared with GnRH antagonist multiple dose protocol (MDP) using GnRH antagonist/rFSH. Methods: Eighty infertile women were randomized to soft stimulation protocol group (n=40) or GnRH antagonist MDP group (n=40). In both groups, IUI was performed 36~40 hours after hCG injection. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, $\chi^2$ test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results: Total dose and days of rFSH required for COS were significantly fewer in soft stimulation protocol group (p<0.001, p<0.001). A premature LH surge did not occur in any patients of both groups. Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was similar between the two groups. Conclusion: Soft stimulation protocol provides comparable pregnancy rates to GnRH antagonist MDP despite fewer total dose and days of rFSH, and so can become one of the patient-friendly, cost-effective alternatives for infertile patients undergoing COS with IUI.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.153-171
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• 1996

저수준레이저를 이용하여 창상이나 병소의 치유과정에 대한 효과를 조사하기 위하여 많은 연구가 시행되었다. 연구에 의하면 갈륨비소 레이저광이 생체자극효과를 가진다고 하며, 저수준레이저를 조사하면 단백질과 핵산 (DNA) 합성을 자극하여 치은섬유아세포의 증식을 촉진한다고 보고하였다. 외상병소나 근육병소의 치료에 사용된 레이저치료법에 관한 관심이 점증함에 따라 저수준레이저요법 (LLLI)의 치유효과를 설명하기 위하여 분자생물학적 수준의 연구를 시행하기에 이르렀다. 보고에 의하면 Mutans Streptococcide 는 LLLI를 사용시 증식이 촉진되며, 다른 세균에서도 유사한 증식효과가 나타날 것이라고 주장하였다. 그러므로 LLLI가 피부감염을 야기하는 가장 흔한 원인인 Staphylococcus aureus 도 마찬가지로 증식이 촉진되는 지를 조사해볼 필요가 있으며, 또한 감염과 같이 특정 병적 상태에서의 저수준레이저광의 효과는 아직까지 명확하게 밝혀져 있지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, Staphyloc occus aureus 의 증식에 대한 저수준레이저광의 효과를 조사하는 실험이며, 둘째 Staphylococcus aureus 로 가염된 피부창상에 대한 저수준레이저광의 효과를 판정하는데 있다. 34개의 Staphylococcus aureus 배양표본을 사용하여 48시간의 세포주기동안 조사기간과 조사시간, 그리고 레이저 펄스(laser pulse)형에 따라 3가지 실험을 시행하여 증식에 가장 효과적인 상태와 가장 비효과적인 상태의 갈륨비소 반도체 레이저펄스를 결정하였다. 이후 지름 약 6 mm의 개방창상을 44마리 백서의 양측 대퇴부에 형성하여 모든 창상에 S. aureus를 감염시켰다. 모든 표본은 펄스형과 조사방법 (중앙조사법과 주변조사법)에 따르는 실험을 하기 위하여 4가지로 분류하였다. 각 백서의 양측 창상중 하나는 1,3,5,7일 마다 각 실험의 방법에 따라 레이저를 조사하고 실험동물의 다른 창상은 대조군으로서 사용하였다. 모든 창상의 면적은 실험 1,3,5,7 일째에 일정한 거리에서 사진촬영하여 면적계를 이용, 측정한 후 통계적인 의의를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 저수준레이저는 특정 조건하에서 S. aureus의 증식을 촉진하였다. 그러나 S. aureus에 감염된 창상을 저수준레이저로 조사시 치유가 촉진되었다. 중앙 조사법고 주변조사법에 의한 창상치유효과는 통계적인 의의가 보이지 않았다. 따라서 결론적으로 S. aureus 에 감염된 창상에 직접 또는 간접적이든 pulse의 종류에 관계없이 조사하는 경우 치유효과가 나타나는 것은 정사주위 조직의 LLLI 자극효과가 염증의 확산을 억제한다고 말할수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2010

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes between oral micronized progesterone and dydrogesterone as a luteal phase support in stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 183 IUI cycles during January 2007 to August 2009. Superovulation was achieved by using gonadotropins combined with or without clomiphene citrate. The luteal phase was supported by oral micronized progesterone 300 mg/day (n=136 cycles) or dydrogesterone 20 mg/day (n=47 cycles) from day of insemination. Results: There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as age of female, infertility factors, number of mature follicles ($\geq$16 mm), total motile sperm counts, and endometrial thickness on triggering day between the two groups. The clinical pregnancy rates per cycle were similar between the two groups (21.3% in the micronized progesterone group vs. 19.1% in the dydrogesterone group, p=0.92). The clinical miscarriage rate tended to be 3-fold higher in the micronized progesterone group (34.5% vs. 11.1%, p=0.36). Conclusion: Supplementation of oral dydrogesterone as a luteal support has similar clinical outcomes compared with oral micronized progesterone. Large-scaled randomized study would be required to confirm our findings.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not cardiovascular reactivity parameters serve as good indicators in identifying differential emotion in children. The study particularly focused on five emotions(i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, stress, and boredom), thus, study participants were introduced to a combination of music, color, stories, and dolls to induce complex emotions. During the experiment, corresponding cardiovascular reactivity in response to the conditioned stimuli were recorded on physiological parameters including HR, RSA, HRV, HF HRV, LF HRV, and FPV. After the cardiovascular reactivity responses were measured, participants rated on the types and intensity of emotions they had experienced during the emotional stimuli exposure. Results on psychological response show that four emotions except for stress were appropriately and effectively induced participants by emotional stimuli. Findings of physiological responses suggest that, except for RSA, all of the physiological indicators show significant differences among five emotions. This indicates that children' emotions can be measured and differentiated by cardiovascular reactivity, or in other words, emotion specific responses have the ability to distinguish different emotions in children.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2011

A LabVIEW program has been developed together with simple infrared thermography(IRT) system to control the lock-in conditions of the system efficiently. The IR imaging software was designed to operate both of infrared camera and halogen lamp by synchronizing them with periodic sine signal based on thyristor(SCR) circuits. LabVIEW software was programmed to provide users with screen-menu functions by which it can change the period and energy of heat source, operate the camera to acquire image, and monitor the state of the system on the computer screen. In experiment, lock-in IR image for a specimen with artificial hole defects was obtained by the developed IRT system and compared with optical image.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2017

'Smart Sensibility Mat (SSM)' was developed and manufactured for positive sensibility of newborn with fiber, digital, and sensibility technology to reflect features and advantages of kangaroo care. For tactile stimuli, the tube of the silicon material to provide a constant temperature of $32^{\circ}C$ was inserted into the mat and connected to the water-thermostat. To provide a uniform temperature throughout the mat, the fabric by the inserting conductive yarn was attached to the mat surface. After wrapping the mat with cotton pad, the polyurethane foam used as medicine in order to similar to the human skin was bonded to the surface of the mat. To provide the auditory stimuli of a level of 30dB with mother's heartbeat sounds and voice recorded in advance, the Bluetooth speaker was inserted into the mat. To investigate the effects of SSM, 10 newborns who born within two weeks were involved in this experiment. While the baby was lying on each of the general mat (GM) and SSM, the baby's physiological signals-heart rate, breathing rate, temperature- were measured and then, those were conducted t-test to examine the difference between the signals of SSM and GM. The results were as follows: heart rate (t=8.131, p<.001) and respiratory rate (t=7.227, p<.001) among the physiological signals of SSM decreased significantly than GM within the normal range. Temperature (t=1.062, p=0.292) at SSM showed a tendency to decrease than GM within the normal range. This means the tactile stimuli and the auditory stimuli providing from SSM give stable physiological responses. Thus, SSM leads to have psychological comfort and stability of newborns.