• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.525-534
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• 2014

Microsatellite markers were used to identify 58 major commercial melon cultivars, and to assess hybrid seed purity of a melon breeding line known as '10H08'. A set of 412 microsatellite primer pairs were utilized for fingerprinting of the melon cultivars. Twenty-nine markers showed hyper-variability and could discriminate all cultivars on the basis of marker genotypes, representing the genetic variation within varietal groups. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's distance coefficients using the UPGMA algorithm categorized 2 major groups, which were in accordance to morphological traits. The DNA bulks of female and male parents of breeding line '10H08' were tested with 29 primer pairs based on microsatellites to investigate purity testing of $F_1$ hybrid seeds, and 5 primer pairs exhibited polymorphism. One microsatellite primer pair (CMGAN12) produced unambiguous polymorphic bands among the parents. Among 192 seeds tested with CMGAN12, progeny possibly generated by self-pollination of the female parent were clearly distinguished from the hybrid progeny. These markers will be useful for fingerprinting melon cultivars and can help private seed companies to improve melon seed purity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2003

This study was conducted to select the ozone tolerant individuals of Cornus controversa Hemsl., and to use malondialdehyde (MDA) content as an indicator of plant damage level for several oxidative stress levels. Seeds of C. controversa were collected at 9 provinces in Korea. One-year-old seedlings were grown in greenhouses and exposed to 100 pub ozone concentration for 8h day$^{-1}$ for 10 weeks. At the termination of ozone exposure, heights of seedlings were measured and MDA contents in the leaves were analyzed. Tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive individuals were selected using the standardized indices of height and MDA content. Height and MDA content of C. controversa exposed to ozone were significantly different among individuals and provinces. MDA content showed negative correlation (r=-0.531, p$\leq$ 0.001) with height growth performance. Height and MDA content of tolerant individuals presented significant differences from those of sensitive individuals. As a result, MDA content may be suitable for the evaluation of the damage level of plants by oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2018

지금까지 통조화(Stachyurus praecox)는 일본특산식물로 알려져 있으며, 일부 수목원 식물원에서만 식재된 국내 미기록종이다. 본 조사에서는 전남 완도군 생일면 일대 무인섬에서 통조화 자생지를 최초 발견하였다. 이 일대 해발고 50m 이하의 지점에서 불규칙적으로 최대 H8.0m, R24cm 등 150여 개체 이상 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 조사지 식생의 교목층은 생달나무(Cinnamomum japonicum), 아교목층은 통조화(Stachyurus praecox), 관목층은 참식나무(Neolitsea sericea), 초본층은 두루미천남성(Arisaema heterophyllum)이 우점하고 있었다. 국내에서는 통조화(Stachyurus praecox)에 대한 기초자료가 부족하여 그간 암수딴그루, 낙엽활엽관목으로 여겨왔다. 그러나 이번 자생지 발견을 통해 암꽃만 있는 단성화 개체뿐만 아니라 암술과 수술이 함께 있는 양성화 개체가 더 많이 자생하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 단성화(암꽃)에서만 전년도에 결실한 종자가 달려있다는 점과, 양성화에서는 화기의 탈락이 빈번하고 수정된 개체를 발견할 수 없었던 점으로 보아 이 지역에서 자생하는 통조화는 암꽃양성화딴그루로 사료된다. 향후, 이 지역 통조화의 정확한 동정을 위해 동일한 속의 유사분류군과의 유연관계를 비교하고, 관찰 및 조사가 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2018

Perilla is an oilseed crop cultivated in Korea since ancient times. Due to the high ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content in perilla, perilla seed oil can easily become rancid. ${\alpha}-Linolenic$ acid is synthesized by two enzymes, endoplasmic reticulum-localized ${\Delta}15$ desaturase (FAD3) and chloroplast-localized ${\Delta}15$ desaturase (FAD7) in vivo. In order to lower the ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content of the seed oil without disturbing plant growth, we tried to suppress the expression of only the FAD3 gene using RNA interference, whilst maintaining the expression of the FAD7 gene. Seventeen transgenic plants with herbicide ($Basta^{TM}$) resistance were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using hypocotyls of perilla plants. The transgenic plants were firstly confirmed by treatment with 0.3% (v/v) $Basta^{TM}$ herbicide, and the expression of FAD3 was measured by Northern blot analysis. The ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content was 10-20%, 30-40%, and 60% in two, seven, and three of the twelve $T_1$ transgenic perilla plants which had enough seeds to be analyzed for fatty acid composition, respectively. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of $T_2$ progeny seeds from $T_1$ plants with the lowest ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content showed that the homozygous lines had 6-10% ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content and the heterozygous lines had 20-26% ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content. It is expected that the reduction in ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid content in perilla seed oil will prevent rancidity and can be utilized for the production of high-value functional ingredients such as high ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2015

This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of flowering and the factors affecting fruiting grades of Acer pictum subsp. mono(APSM), We examined the characteristics of flowering and fruiting in various natural APSM forest, and investigated annual fruiting grade, DBH, tree height, number of APSM trees within 30 m on 29 selected trees in the natural broadleaved forest in Mt. Jungwang in Gangwon-do, from 2009 to 2014. APSM has heterodichogamous sexual system consist of protoandry and protogyny. Eight trees have changed their sex morphs; 3 trees change the sex morph PA to PG, and 5 trees does the sex morph PG to PA. Early fall of young ovary is concentrated until early July. Initially, the small samaras are common, and was gradually increased the samaras suffered insect damage. Most flowers of APSM are pollinated by Andrenidae sp., Syrphidae sp. and Tachinidae sp.. Number of early fall samaras and the status of fallen samaras showed a significant difference by the year and region. Corymbose panicle and young leaves developed on the top of APSM twigs. Newly grown opposite twigs of APSM did not grow sufficiently and had no floral buds. The highest fruiting grade of tree was 9.0, and the mean values was only 3.8. The highest fruiting grade of year was 4.55 in 2013, and the lowest did 0.07 in 2014. Highly significantly correlated and regressed between mean of annual fruiting rates and rates of crown under sun light. This results would imply that thinning for tree growth through improved light absorption might be a method to enhance seed production of APSM in the seed production forest.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate some characteristics of selected trees recognized as natural hybrid between Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii for improving resistance to pine leaf gall midge. The results obtained were as follows. l. In the mean annual increment and the growth in the period of latest 5 years of DBH, hybrid pines showed intermediate value of the parents, Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii. However, there was remarkable variation among individuals of hybrid pine. 2. The trees having resin duct index(RDI) value larger than 0.1 for the position of resin duct in needle was classified as hybrid pine. The leaf and leaf sheath of Pinus thunbergii was longer than that of Pinus densiflora and the distance between rows of stomata on needles of Pinus thunbergii was longer than that of Pinus detasiflora, and the values of those observations on hybrid pine were intermediate between the parent species. However, differences among individual was observed. 3. In the size of cone and seed, and weight of 1000 seeds, like in the leaf characteristics, Pinus thunbergii showed higher value than Pinus densiflora and those values of hybrid were intermediate between the parent species. 4. Assuming isoenzyme ADH-$B_2$, ME-$A_2$, PGI-$B_1$, and PGI-$B_2$ alleles observed in the hybrids were introgressed from Pinus thunbergii, the hybrid pine can be easily identified by these isoenzyme alleles. However, the individuals which do not have those alleles can not be identified.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2000

본연구는 조경소재로 이용가능성이 크지만 현재 자생지가 파괴되어 복원이 요구되고 있는 야생자란의 대량번식을 위해 무균배양시 배지 내 담함량의 변화와 펩톤, 트립톤 등의 첨가가 종자발아와 계대배양 후 유식물의 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 배지 내 펩톤과 트립톤의 첨가는 발아에 영향을 주지는 않았지만, 당의 함량은 그 농도가 10g/L까지 증가함에 따라 발아율을 높였다. 또한 발아 후 유식물의 생육시 당의 첨가는 뿌리의 생육을 두드러지게 향상시켰으며, 생체중도 거의 2~3배정도 많았다. 하이포넥스 배지(대조구)에서는 높은 발아율을 보였지만 유식물의 생육은 트립톤 첨가배지(2g/L)에서 많았는데 엽수, 뿌리수, 엽장 근장, 생체중 등이 모두 다른 처리구의 2~3배에 이르는 초기생육을 보였다. 계대배양 이후의 생육상은 펩톤 첨가배지에서 가장 많은 생육량을 보였는데 특히 엽장과 엽폭 그리고 근장이 다른 처리구보다 월등히 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 생체중도 한 개체당 0.18g으로 가장 높게 나타나 펩톤의 첨가가 계대배양 이후의 생육을 크게 촉지시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 하이포넥스 배지에 트립톤 2g/L를 첨가하였을 때 발아율과 유식물의 생육이 다른 배지에 대해 매우 양호한 것으로 나타나 자생 자란의 종자발아용 배지로 가장 적당한 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 이후 계대배양시에는 펩톤의 첨가 (3g/L)가 유식물의 생육을 가장 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2018

층층둥굴레(Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim.)는 백합과(Liliaceae) 둥굴레속(Polygonatum)에 속하는 다년생초본이다. 둥굴레속의 근경은 점액질이 풍부하고 전분질, 아미노산, 알카로이드 등의 성분을 다량 함유하고 있어, 식품학적으로도 우수한 것으로 보고되었다. 그리고 새순과 여린줄기는 식약청 식품원재료서비스에 등록된 식용가능 식물자원이다. 본 연구에 사용된 층층둥굴레는 경기도 황학산수목원에서 2년, 5년생과 종자를 분양받아 종자는 기내에서 발아시킨 후 실험에 사용하였다. 야생의 개체를 무균적으로 기내도입하기 위해 차아염소산나트륨의 농도를 0~1.5%까지 달리하여 멸균한 결과, 유의적 차이는 없으나 1~1.5%처리가 비오염율이 20% 내외로 조사되었다. 층층둥굴레 캘러스 유도에 미치는 옥신류 호르몬의 영향을 알아보기 위해 멸균된 근경을 절단하고 옥신류 호르몬의 종류와 농도가 각각 다르게 처리된 MS배지에 치상하여 배양한 결과, 2,4-D 0.5mg/L 처리구에서 캘러스 유도율이 87%로 가장 높게 조사 되었다. 이러한 결과는 층층둥굴레의 기내배양 방법을 통해 효과적으로 모본과 동일한 층층둥굴레의 대량생산 체계를 만들 수 있는 참고자료로 활용될 수 있고 더불어 관련 산업계의 소재다양화 측면에서 유용하게 사용될 것으로 보여진다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2022

경기도 화성시 일대에서 미기록 침입외래식물인 서양전동싸리(Melilotus dentatus)를 발견하여 보고하고자 한다. 본 종은 아시아, 유럽 원산이며, 주로 경작지와 공원, 정원 등의 인공적인 환경에서 발견된다. 국내에서 발견된 서양전동싸리는 경작지 내 작물의 종자와 함께 국내로 유입된 것으로 추정되며, 농수로를 따라 인근 주변에서 약 15개체의 생육이 확인되었다. 국내 전동싸리속은 모두 외래식물로 현재 4종(M. suaveolens, M. albus, M. indicus, M. officianalis)이 보고되었으며 탁엽 기부가 엽병에 합착되고, 3출 우상복엽이며, 긴 총상화서, 난형 또는 난상타원형 열매를 가지는 공통된 형태적 특징으로 서양전동싸리와 혼동되기 쉽다. 그러나 본 종은 탁엽이 피침형이고, 소엽이 장타원형이며, 거치가 뚜렷하고, 배주가 2개이며, 종자의 색이 녹갈색인 특징으로 국내 근연 종들과 구분된다. 본 연구에서는 서양전동싸리의 실체와 생육환경을 확인하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 형태학적 기재 및 화상자료를 비롯하여 주변식생 목록과종 식별을 위한 검색표를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.871-879
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• 2012

Polyploids are a potentially important germplasm source in seedless citrus breeding program. Seedlessness is one of the most promising traits of commercial mandarin breeds that mandarin triploid hybrids possess permanently. The formation of new constant triploid hybrids can be recovered through diploid species hybridization from the fusion of divalent gametes at low frequencyor intra-and inter-ploidy crosses. However, extensive breeding work based on small $F_1$ hybrid seeds developed is impossible without a very effective aseptic methodology and ploidy event. In this study, in vitro embryo culture was employed to recover natural hybrids from monoembryonic diploid, open-pollinated mandarin. Flow cytometry was used to determine ploidy level. A total of 10,289 seeds were extracted from 792 fruits having approximately 13 seeds per fruit. Average frequency of small seeds developed was 7.1%, while the average frequency of small seeds per fruit were: 8.9% for 'Clementine' 10.2% for 'Harehime' 2.6% for 'Kamja' 3.1% for 'Pyunkyool' 2.8% for 'Sadookam' and 7.0% for 'Wilking' mandarin. Average size of a perfect seed was $49.52{\pm}0.07mm^2$ ('Clementine') while the small seed measured $7.95{\pm}0.04mm^2$ ('Clementine'), which was about 1/6 smaller than the perfect seed. In total, 731 small seeds were obtained and all of them contained only one embryo per seed. The efficiency of 'Clementine' was 14 times higher than 'Wilking' and more than 109 times higher than 'Pyunkyool'. The basic information on spontaneous polyploidy provides for the hybridization of constant triploids and increases the efficiency of conventional cross.