• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop specific and sensitive PCR-based procedures for simultaneous detection of economically important plant seed infection pathogenic bacteria and virus, Xanthomonns campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) in pepper and tomato seeds. Most of pepper and tomato bacterial and virus diseases are responsible for germination and growth obstruction. PCR with arbitral primers: selection of specific primers, performance of PCR with specific primers and determination of the threshold level for pathogens detection. To detect simultaneously the Xcv, Cmm, Ecc, PMMoV and TMGMV in pepper and tomato seeds, five pairs (Cmm-F/R, Ecc-F/R, Xcv-F/R, PMMoV-F/R, TMGMV-F/R) of specific primer were synthesized by primer-blast program. The multiplex PCR for the five pathogens in pepper and tomato seeds could detect specially without interference among primers and/or cDNA of plant seeds and other plant pathogens. The PCR result for pathogen detection using 20 commercial pepper and 10 tomato seed samples, Ecc was detected from 4 pepper and 2 tomato seed samples, PMMoV was detected from 1 pepper seed sample, and PMMoV and TMGMV were simultaneously detected from 1 pepper seed sample.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2015

The objective of this study was comparison of seed yields according to different seeding rates, seeding time and application of chemical fertilizations in Yanji region of China. The experiment was conducted on commercial farmland at Yanji region in 2013. All the experimental fields were designed following randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plant spacing was applied as $65{\times}1cm$ distance. To check the effect of seeding rate, two different seeding rate, 0.2 kg/0.1ha and 0.5 kg/0.1ha were applied. The higher seed yield was observed in low seeding rate (0.2 kg/0.1ha). The application of fertilizer (mixture of N and P) showed different results following different experimental fields. However, there were little positive effects following fertilizer application into commercial farmland. When we compare seed yields between two different seeding dates, $4^{th}$ May and $29^{th}$ May, the earlier seeding date ($4^{th}$ May) showed higher seed yields. In considering these results, low seeding rate and early seeding time is important for getting high camelina seed yields.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.667-677
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• 2022

Dolsan mustard seeds (DMS) were added in whole, crushed, and roasted form at 0.5 g (S-1), 1.0 g (S-2), and 1.5 g (S-3), respectively to broth and heated for 10 or 15 min. After cooling, the quality characteristics were measured. Salinity and pH decreased with boiling time. The antioxidant activities of the experimental broth were measured in terms of total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, electron donating ability (EDA), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothizoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The overall, antioxidant activity was higher in broths containing 1.0 g and 1.5 g DMS than in those containing 0.5 g DMS and the activity increased with increasing boiling time. Sinigrin was not detected in the control group, and no significant difference in sinigrin content was noted among broths containing different concentrations of DMS. A high glutamic acid content was detected in the control broth, whereas glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, proline, alanine, and arginine were detected in the broths containing DMS. The free amino acid contents, particularly aspartic acid and glutamic acid contents, were high in umami. Volatile components, such as 2-propenyl-isothiocyanate (ITC), allylthiocyanate, n-butyl ITC, and 3-butenyl ITC, were detected in the DMS-containing broths. Sensory evaluation revealed that a higher amount of DMS added and a longer heating time increased the overall taste preference, and the difference was statistically significant. The purpose of this study was to present basic data on the quality characteristics of DMS-added broths to aid in the development of new products using DMS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.187-190
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• 2006

In order to produce hemp with low cannabinoids and appropriate fiber yield, seeds of the IH3 (non drug type germplasm) and local variety (drug type cultivar) were mixed to 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 on base of seed weight ratio and cultivated for seed production. In the seed yield trial, the weight of 1000 grains were around 21 g, which was increased in proportion to the ratio of IH3 seeds but seed yield were 100 kg/10a, which were not significantly different by the seeds-mixing ratio. In fiber yield trials with seeds from seed yield trial, fiber yield ranged $193{\sim}198kg/10a$ which was not significantly different by the seeds mixing ratio but the content of THC(${\Delta}$-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) was lowered in proportion to the ratio of IH3 seeds. Variation of THC and CBD (Cannabidiol) level in the 150 plant cultivated with various seed mixing ratio reflected that the percentage of drug and intermediate type were decreased but non drug type were increased in proportion to the ratio of IH3 seeds.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.376-380
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• 2013

This research was carried out to establish a mass-production method and to develop ornamental Gramineae species as cash crops for famers as three species of ornamental grasses were used for seed treatment and plug production. Germination rates of Arundinella hirta were improved to 52.6% by soaking in 4% NaOCl for 60 min and 49.4% with 4% NaOH for 30 min. Germination rates of Panicum virgatum were 20.3% and 22.4% when treated with 4% NaOCl for 10 min and 2% NaOH for 60min treatment, respectively. Pennisetum alopecuroides showed germination rates higher than 98% with both 4% of NaOCl and NaOH for 60 min. When the same size of trays were used, Pennisetum showed faster plug formation in 21 and 30 days with 162 and 40 cell trays, respectively. Arundinella showed a similar trend with Pannicum in completing plug formation, those took 32, 41, and 44 days with the 162, 72, and 40 cell tray, respectively. Plug production was faster with smaller cells; however, total growing period was longer with larger cells in general.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2011

Rice is one of the most important food crops since it is consumed by approximately 60% of the world's population. The most abundant component of rice grain is starch that is an important source of energy. The second abundant component is protein, which is an important protein source for people in many developing countries that rarely take animal protein. However, the rice protein lacks the essential amino acid lysine. Therefore, nutritional improvement in the essential amino acid composition of rice proteins is required. On the other side, rice grain has attracted attention as a diet and health food in developed countries, because its proteins have superior physiological and food processing properties. Thus, nutritional improvements in rice seed proteins by changing amino acid composition or introducing an useful protein or peptide have been studied. This review aims at assessing the current research status of biosynthesis, accumulation, genetic improvement of seed storage proteins by mutation or genetic engineering in rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS)-damaged grains of rice on seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. As comparing the seed lots of same cultivar 'Hopum' with different PHS percentages, seed lot with 8% PHS (high PHS percentage) showed 30% lower germination than that with 1% PHS (low PHS percentage). The difference of seedling emergence rate and seed viability percentages between the two seed lots was consistent with that of germination percentage. PHS-damaged brown rice was observed protruded embryo, discolored endosperm and fungi infected grains. PHS grains were classified into two groups, PHS-I showing endosperm discoloration in one third of a grain and PHS-II in more than half of a grain. The seed lot with high PHS percentage had much more PHS-II grains than that of low PHS percentage. PHS-II grains showed remarkably lower germination percentage than PHS-I grains and got severely moldy during germination test. In laboratory experiment, morphological changes and re-germination ability of seeds which dried after germination by soaking were tested. Sprouted seeds of 3mm shoot length showed half discolored endosperm and had a strong resemblance with PHS-II grains. Re-germination percentage of 3mm sprouted seeds sharply decreased than 2 mm sprouted seeds. Sprouted seeds which were treated for accelerated-aging (AA) for 24hr at $45^{\circ}C$ were significantly reduced in re-germination percentage compared to that of non-AA-treated sprouted seeds. These results indicate that PHS with over 3mm shoot length can severely damage not only grain appearance but also seed viability, germination percentage and seedling emergence rate. Therefore, we conclude that larger difference of germination percentage or seedling emergence rate between seed lots having smaller difference of PHS percentage might be caused by accelerated seed deterioration in PHS-damaged rice grains.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

This study aimed to establish a rapid system for discriminating the cultivation origins and cultivars of dry persimmons, using metabolite fingerprinting by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis. Whole-cell extracts from the sepals of four Korean cultivars and two different Chinese dry persimmons were subjected to FT-IR spectroscopy. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the FT-IR spectral data successfully discriminated six dry persimmons into two groups depending on their cultivation origins. Principal component loading values showed that the 1750-1420 and $1190-950cm^{-1}$ regions of the FT-IR spectra were significantly important for the discrimination of cultivation origins. The accuracy of prediction of the cultivation origins and cultivars by PLS regression was 100% (p<0.01) and 85.9% (p<0.05), respectively. These results clearly show that metabolic fingerprinting of FT-IR spectra can be applied for rapid discrimination of the cultivation origins and cultivars of commercial dry persimmons.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.641-646
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• 2022

There are concerns about the environmental release of living modified organism (LMO) maize created to increase yields. In fact, there are cases in which LMO crops for feed have been leaked in Korea to form autoite colonies, and concerns about LMO spill are intensifying. In this study, the possibility of environmental outflow and occurrence of native organisms was analyzed using maize feed and seeds distributed in Korea. In the evaluation of the possibility of spontaneous occurrence of maize in the event of an unintentional release of maize feed made by crushing maize, the incidence rate of maize was 0.01%, which was extremely low compared to the germination rate of maize seeds. A survey of the dormant rate of maize showed that all maize seeds collected every month were dead. In the germination rate test by temperature using Daehak wax corn and Kwangpyeongok, high germination rates were found at 20℃ and 30℃, and relatively low germination rates were found at 10℃ and 40℃. In addition, all germination tests showed a higher germination rate Daehak wax corn than Kwangpyeongok. The difference between domestic and overseas cultivation maize was confirmed through a survey on the agricultural properties of three varieties of maize. The data obtained through this experiment could be the basis for the evaluation of the weediness potential of environmental risk assessment and technology to suppress the occurrence of autoite in preparation for future LMO spills.

• Food preservation and processing industry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2002

쌀은 중국에서 중요한 식량작물로 제9차 5개년 계획(1966-2000년) 동안 재배면적 31.4백만 ha이며 생산량은 단위 ha당 6,303kg으로 198백만톤에 이르며 이는 재배면적으로는 식량작물의 $27.7\%$, 그리고 생산량으로는 전체식량작물의 $40\%$를 각각 점하고 있다. 이러한 재배면적과 생산량은 각각 세계전체 면적과 생산량의 $20.7\%$와 $33.7\%$를 차지하는 많은 량이다. 중국의 남부지역은 전지역의 $73.5\%$가 이모작으로 재배되며 주품종은 Indica이다. 중국의 중부지역은 이모작과 일모작의 재배형태가 2:3으로 공존하고 있으며 양쯔강 이북은 주로 일모작의 형태이다. 중국의 쌀 재배면적은 1960년대 이후 점차 증가하다가 1980년대 후반부터 정체되었다가 최근 90년대 말에 이르러서는 재배면적의 감소가 가속화되고 있으나 단보당 생산량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 2001년 중국의 쌀 소비량은 138백만톤으로 이의 $85.2\%$는 식량용으로, $5.8\%$는 사료용으로, $1.3\%$는 가공용, $1.5-2.0\%$는 수출용으로 그리고 $1.2\%$는 종자용으로 소비되었다. WTO체제에 들어서도 중국의 쌀 생산에는 크게 영향을 받지 않을 것으로 여겨지는데 그 이유로는 충분한 생산능력과 자급률, 쌀의 낮은($4\%$) 국제교역비율, 총생산량에 대한 낮은 쿼터비율 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나 WTO체제 가입에 따른 압력 또한 존재하는 것이 사실인데 그것은 낮은 품질, 국제가격보다 높은 국내가격 등을 들 수 있다. 향후 중국 쌀의 발전적 전략들로는 쌀의 안정적 발전을 지속하는 일, 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종, 기계화를 비롯한 경작기술의 발달, 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구, 특정기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용, 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.