• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.460-469
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• 2017

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced as a self-defense mechanism of cells when exposed to various external stresses, such as high fever, infection, free radicals, and heavy metals. They affect the prognosis in the process of tumor formation. HSP is classified into four families: HSP27, HSP60, HSP90, and HSP100, depending on molecular weight. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, plays an important role in the cellular protection against various stressful stimuli and in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In the present study, we assessed the differential expression of HSP90 family proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the correlation of their expression levels with clinicopathologic factors and patient survival rates. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; $HSP90{\alpha}$ showed higher expression in patients with no lymphovascular invasion (p=0.014). $HSP90{\beta}$ showed a higher expression of squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.003), and an over expression of glucose-related protein (GRP94) was significantly associated with poor differentiation (p=0.048). However, none of the HSP90 proteins showed a significant association with the survival status in patients with NSCLC. This study also indicates that $HSP90{\alpha}$ might contribute more to the carcinogenesis of NSCLC than $HSP90{\beta}$, and GRP94 and isoform selectivity should be considered when HSP90 inhibitors are studied or utilized in the treatment of NSCLC.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to assess TLE1 as a target molecule of synovial sarcoma. Method: We obtained tissue samples and clinical data from 36 patients who were diagnosed and treated for synovial sarcoma in our hospital. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of TLE1 in synovial sarcoma and normal tissues such as fat, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve, vascular endothelium, and epithelium. Univariate survival analysis was performed to find whether overexpression of TLE1 is correlated to poor prognosis. Results: TLE1 was expressed in 35 (97%) cases (grade 1 was 5 cases, grade 2 was 28 cases, grade 3 was 2 cases.). Normal tissues from mesenchymal origin did not express TLE1. However, epithelial and endothelial cells showed weak expression (grade 1) of TLE1. The level of TLE1 expression did not have any prognostic significance according to univariate survival analysis. Conclusion: TLE1 may be a new molecular target of synovial sarcoma that differentiates synovial sarcoma from normal mesenchymal cells.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1998

The search for tumor-avid agents for use in nuclear medicine imaging is an ongoing field of importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity for radio labeled vitamin $B_{12}$ by a wide histologic variety of tumor types in mice. Seventeen different types of tumor were grown subcutaneously in female Balb/C or Balb nu/nu(nude) mice. When the tumors reached about 1 cm in diameter, mice were injected intraperitoneally with $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were sacrificed. Organs and tissues were removed, weighed, and activity per mg determined by gamma counter. Values represented cpm/mg tissue that was normalized to 20 grams body weight for each mouse. A wide variety of tumor types showed significant uptake and concentration of $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$, as evidenced by tumor:tissue activity ratios. For many tissues of great importance in terms of background(bone, muscle, blood), the tumor:tissue activity ratios of uptake were high. These data strongly suggest that further efforts to evaluate the utility of radio labeled adducts of vitamin $B_{12}$ for clinical use in oncologic imaging are warranted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2000

Backgrounds : Recent cytogenetic studies indicated that long of the long arm of chromosome 5 is a frequent event in small cell lung canær (SCLC), suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene in its place. To map the precise tumor-suppressor loci on the chromosome arm for further positional cloning efforts, we tested 15 primary SCLCs. Methods : The DNAs extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with primary tumor and corresponding control tissue were investigated. Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite markers located in the long arm of chromosome 5 were used in the microsatellite analysis. Results : We found that ten (66.7%) of 15 tumors exhibited LOH in at least one of tested microsatellite markers. Two (13%) of 10 tumors exhibiting LOH lost a larger area in chromosome 5q. LOH was observed in five common deleted regions at 5q. Among those areas, LOH between 5q34-qter and 5q35.2-35.3 was most frequent (75%). LOH was also observed in more than 50% of the tumors at four other regions, between 5q14-15 and 5q23-31, 5q31.1, 5q31.3-33.3, and 5q34-35. Three of 15 tumors exhibited shifted bands in at least one of the tested microsatellite markers. Shifted bands occurred in 2.5% (7 of 285) of the loci tested. Conclusion : Our data demonstrated that at least five tumor-suppressor loci exist in the long arm of chromosome 5 and that they may play an important role in small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.10 s.255
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• pp.729-732
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• 2005

A 15-year-old male was admitted with right-sided chest pain and cough for one month. On chest computed tomographic scan, a $10\times15\times16$ em-sized huge mediastinal mass was occupied in the right hemithorax. Radiologically, it seemed that the tumor was severely adhesive on the heart and the superior vena cava. Therefore we decided on chemotherapy and radiotherapy first instead of surgery. The tumor marker was nearly normalized afterwards, but the tumor size was seemed to be bigger on chest tomographic scan. This suggests the growing teratoma syndrome. After the successful resection, he showed symptomatic improvement and is being followed up without any symptoms in an out patient department up to now.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2007

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring brain cancer. Although the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GBM has been established, there is little evidence to explain the link between CSCs and chemoresistance. In this study, we investigated that only a few cells of A172 and established GBM2 survived after 1,3-bis(2chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BiCNU) exposures and these sur-vived cells resist the subsequent BiCNU treatment. In addition, these BiCNU-resistant small pop-ulations derived from GBM cells increased the phosphorylations of Erk and Akt and highly expressed CD133 stem cell surface marker. Furthermore, we observed that the BiCNU-resistant cancer cells de-rived from GBM have grown tumors when transplanted into severe combined immuno-deficient (SCID) mouse brain. These results demonstrate that BiCNU-resistant subpopulation cells derived from GBM have cancer stem-like cell properties. Therefore, it may provide provide further evidence that CSCs in GBM have chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

배경 및 목적 암-연관 섬유아세포(Cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAF)는 종양미세환경의 가장 중요한 요소의 하나다. 그래서 두경부편평세포암에 대해 CAF가 암세포의 운동성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고, CAF에 과발현되는 CD44의 역할에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 두경부암환자의 종양조직에서 CAF를 분리하고, 비종양성 조직으로부터 정상 섬유아세포(NHF)를 분리하였다. 창상치유분석과 상하 챔버를 이용한 3차원 세포 이동 분석을 이용하여, CAF가 암세포의 이동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, CAF에서 과발현되는 CD44를 중화항체로 CAF를 차단했을 때 암세포 이동의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 NHF에 비해 CAF에서 CD44가 과발현되는 것을 관찰하였다. 창상치유분석에서 CAF와 같이 배양된 암세포는 NHF와 같이 배양된 암세포에 비해 더 빠른 이동을 보였다. CD44 중화 항체를 처리했을 때는 암세포의 이동성이 저해되었다. 결론 CAF는 종양미세환경에서 암세포의 운동성을 조절하는 중요한 인자의 하나일 것으로 사료된다. CD44는 CAF의 기능을 매개하는 중요한 표지자 중 하나로 생각된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2010

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the duodenal epithelial cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1{\times}10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8\sim0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the 7th injection of saline or BCG, each mouse was injected with a single dose of $0.7{\mu}Ci$/g of methyl-$^3H$-thymidine (25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab, England) through tail vein. Seventy minutes after the thymidine injection, animals were sacrificed, and duodenal tissues were taken and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Deparaffinized sections were coated with autoradiographic emulsion EM-1 (Amersham Lab, England) in a dark room and dried and were placed in a light-tight box. The number of labeled epithelial cells in the duodenal mucosae (mean number of labeled epithelial cells per 3.5 mm length of mucosa) were observed and calculated. On the light microscopic study, duodenal mucosae had no severe morphological changes following the injection of BCG. In the tumor control and BCG treated groups, a number of small lymphocytes and eosinophile leucocytes are slightly increased as compared with those of the normal control ones. On the autoradiographic study, number of the labeled cells of normal control, tumor control and BCG-treated mice were 632.3 (${\pm}14.47$), 761.7 (${\pm}27.65$) and 505.0 (${\pm}17.09$) respectively. From the above results, BCG may suppress the DNA synthesis of the duodenal epithelial cells, but does not results severe structural defect on the duodenal mucosae. And it is suggested that BCG may greatly improve the anticancer therapy on certain kind of cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 1999

Purpose : In FSRT (Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy) planning, we studied the usefulness between multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT by comparing tumor shape and DVH (dose volume histogram). Materials and Methods In Chungnam Univ. hospital, we had treated the sixteen patients with FSRT from Aug. 1997 to Dec. 1998. In choosing multiple arc FSRT or conformal FSRT, we had considered If (irregular factor) after calculating tumor volume and surface area. We had considered multiple arc FSRT if tumor shape was similar to sphere or the value of If was less than 1.25, conformal FSRT if tumor shape was very irregular or If was more than 1.3. For evaluation of treatment planning, we had considered the appropriate DVH for tumor volume and for critical organs. Results : The errors between reference point and the coordinates point on AP, Lat radiography were less than 1 mm before treatment. We had planned $3\~$5 arcs for multiple arc FSRT, $5\~6$ports for conformal FSRT. The mean dose distribution of tumor volume of cumulative DVH between multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT was 90.6, 85%, respectively. The dose of critical organs irradiated was less than $5\%$ maximum dose of cumulative DVH. Conclusion : We had obtained the similar value between multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT, so that we had appropriate treatment planning of FSRT for multiple arc FSRT and conformal FSRT according to tumor shape and size.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.668-675
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• 2001

Background : Non-smalll lung cancer(NSCLC) develops as a result of the accumulation of multiple genetic abnormalities. Loss of heterozygosity(LOH) is one of the most frequent genetic alterations that is found in NSCLC, and the chromosomal regions that display a high rate of LOH are thought to harbor tumor suppressor genes(TSGs). This study was done to determine the frequency of LOH in 21q with the aim of identifying potential TSG loci. Method : Thirty-nine surgically resected NSCLCs were analysed. Patients peripheral lymphocytes were used as the source of the normal DNA. Five microsatellite Inarkers of 21q were used to study LOH : 21q21.1(D21S1432, and D21S1994); 21q21.2-21.3(D21S1442) ; 21q22.1(21S1445) ; and 21q22.2-22.3(D21S266). The fractional allelic loss(FAL) in a tumor was calculated as the ratio of the number of markers showing LOH to the number of informative markers. Result : LOH for at least one locus was detected in 21 of 39 tumors(53.8%). Among the 21 tumors with LOH, 5(21.8%) showed LOH at almost all informative loci. Although statistically not significant, LOH was found more frequently in squamous cell carcinomas(15 of 23, 65.2%) than in adenocarcinomas(6 of 16, 37.5%). In the squamous cell carcinomas the frequency of LOH was higher in stage II-III (80.0%) than in stage I (53.8%). The FAL value in squamous cell carcinomas($0.431{\pm}0.375$) was significantly higher than that found in adenocarcinomas($0.l92{\pm}0.276$). Conclusion : These results suggest that LOH on 21q may be involved in the development of NSCLC, and that TSG(s) that contribute to the pathogenesis of NSCLC may exist on 21q.