• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.84 no.4
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 1995

Betula pendula and B. platyphylla var. japonica seedlings and/or grafts growing inside and outside of a plastic-greenhouse were treated with growth regulators to induce flowering at early stages of seedling and graft developments. The seedlings began to develop female catkins visibly in eight to nine months after seeding and in five months after the first treatment of growth regulators. Thirty three percents of the seedlings grown under controlled environment in the plastic-greenhouse with sufficient nutrient supply developed female catkins both in control plants and in the plants treated with IAA, $GA_3$ and kinetin, while none on the control plants grown in the field showed any sign of the development of floral organs. Sixty seven percents of the seedlings treated with ABA and SADH grown in the Plastic-greenhouse developed female catkins. All the seedlings treated with 6.24 mM of SADH developed female catkins. SADH treatment to 2-5 year old seedlings and grafts of birch had a tendency of positive effect on inducing and increasing the flowering of the two birch species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.84 no.4
• /
• pp.489-494
• /
• 1995

Seedlings and grafts of Betula pendula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica were grown under partially controlled environments in a greenhouse and in a plastic-greenhouse installed inside a laboratory. Plant growth conditions such as photoperiod, temperature, nutrient supply were partially controlled to enhance the vegetative and reproductive growth of the birch seedlings and grafts. By the treatments twenty and seventy one percents of the seedlings, respectively, for the Betula pendula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica developed visible floral organs between 250 to 508 days after seeding. By the same treatments eighty and fifty three percents of the grafts, respectively, for Betula pendula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica developed visible male catkins between 51 to 497 days and female catkins between 365 to 396 days after grafting. Breeding cycle of birch species can be reduced to a great extent by the induction of precocious flowering at early stages of seedling and graft development.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2003

As all other cultures do, in the background of color of costume, view of life or spirit are contained in the nature or environment that the people lived in are applied. Marring is the ceremony to be socially recognized that both of sexes are unified, assist ancestor and bear future generation. Meaning and symbolism of color are appeared in beauty and organic composition of Lee dynasty. This paper tried to dear up five colors are dean, beautiful and philosophical colors rather than awkward composition of colors through surveying character of five colors appeared in Korean traditional wedding dress that has been succeeded in present age. This paper compared Korean traditional wedding dress and "Dan-chung" of Korea, Japan and China and surveyed theoretical background of Korean traditional color to find character of color appeared in Korean traditional wedding dress. As a result, Korean traditional color is meaningful symbolic color, its origin starts in yin-yang and the live elements of the Oriental cosmogony and it is related with Taoism of Confucianism and color of "Dan-chung." Five colors of yin-yang means everything under the sun and il is the color achieving beauty of balance due to correlation when it is linked to over one color. Further, it contains nature worship and human dignity, prays happiness and gives the significance of "Buksa", meaning of expelling an evil spirit. Formative beauty praying that all creatures are harmonized while human is happy and escapes from uncertainty is the beauty pursuing mental satisfaction as well as visual satisfaction. In future, the creational and characteristic designs that can appeal to world are required through right understanding and study of the beauty of traditional culture beauty of traditional culture

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.369-374
• /
• 2009

The stumpy bullhead (Pseudobagrus brevicorpus) endemic to Korea is one of critically endangered freshwater fish species. To provide baseline data for its captive breeding and reintroduction we investigated basal characteristics on its growth and sexual maturation in an artificial rearing environment. After 698-day rearing the stumpy bullhead grew up to $89.22{\pm}10.29\;mm$ in total length (TL) and $70.93{\pm}7.68\;g$ in total body weight (BW)($BW=5\times10^{-5}\;TL^{2.678}$; $R^2=0.995$), and showed survival rate of 74.2%. The sex ratio was 1 (471 females) : 1 (473 males), and males ($TL=87.44{\pm}1.07mm$; $BW=8.43{\pm}0.31\;g$) showed significantly faster growth than females ($TL=78.38{\pm}0.92mm$; $BW=6.38{\pm}0.20\;g$) after 663-day rearing. However, condition factor of females was significantly higher than that of males (P<0.05). The number of eggs per female ranged from 508 to 867 (average 734), and their diameters ranged from 0.04 to 1.65 mm. The females which reared about two years in the laboratory condition was able to spawn in the early June after 1~2 days of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection. The number of hatched fries ranged from 113 to 338 (average 216).

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2004

Bacterial wihte enteritis ocurred by infection of V. ichthyoenteri is a devastating disease in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) hatcheries in Korea. Since white enteritis has been a problem in aquqtic industries, necessity of a rapid detection method is increased. In an attempt to develop rapid PCR method the detection of V. ichthyoenteri, we examined the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region(ISR) of V. ichthyoenteri and developed species-specific primer for V. ichthyoenteri. The intergenic spacers were amplified by primers complementary to conserved region of 16S and 23S rRNA genes. The intergenic spacer region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of V. ichthoenteri were investigated by PCR fragment length typing and DNA sequencing. Analysis of the ISR sequences showed that V. ichthyoenteri contains one types of polymorphic ISRs. The size of ISRs ranged 348bp length and not contains tRNA genes. Mutiple alignment of representative sequences from different Vibrio species revealed several domains of high sequence variability, and allowed to design species-specific primer for detection of Vibrio ichthyoenteri. PCR. The specific of the primer was examined using genomic DNA prepared from 19 different Vibrio species, isolated 18group Vibrio species. The results showed that the PCR reaction using species-specific primer designed in this study can be used to detect V. ichthyoenteri.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2010

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) have inspected the hatchery-reared seeds of 22 marine species and 11 freshwater species for aquatic animal diseases in stock enhancement program in 2009. Results showed that total 12 local selfgovernments have been restocking the sea with cultured juveniles. Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do, Jejudo and Chungcheongnam-do have a preference for marine species seeds to freshwater species. On the contrary, freshwater species were released mostly in Gyeonggi-do, Jeollabuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. In the marine species group, abalone was the most abundant as 24.5%, and then sea cucumber (15.2%), olive flounder (11.5%), swimming crab (5.6%), black sea bream and rockfish (6.8%), rock bream (5.1%), black rockfish (4.6%) and scorpionfish (4.5%) were followed. Crucian carp was the most abundant as 19.4%, and then eel (17.0%), Korean bullhead (12.3%), melanian snail (12.0%), catfish (8.4%) were followed in the freshwater species group. The total number of inspection cases in this study were 1,080 and disqualification cases were 19 by detection of aquatic animals pathogens such as red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), koi herpesvirus (KHV) or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to establish a mass production of normal somatic embryos of Oenanthe iavanica (BL.) DC. including examination of nitrogen and sucrose sources, and ABA concentration. Embryogenic cell clumps and embryos were formed on the MS medium devoid of growth regulators. Proliferation of embryogenic cells and clumps was enhanced by 2, 4-D. Meanwhile embryo growth and development occurred on the media containing NAA and IBA. Growth of embryos was generally good in the media containing both 20 mM $KNO_3$ and 20 mM $NH_4NO_3$. The rate of shoot forming embryos was higher on the media containing on1y 20mM $NH_4NO_3$ than on the former. Addition of sucrose at 3-6% enhanced the embryo development, and normal embryos with short hypocotyl was observed on the medium containing $10\mu\textrm{M}$ ABA. Embryogenic cell clumps or globular embryos, when transferred to MS solid media devoid of growth regulators, developed into mature embryos and then into plantlets which had entire primary leaves like zygotic seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 1997

Cyperus rotundus has been grown for a long time in korea to be used as medicinal crop. This study was conducted to survey the production status and economic analysis in chief producing area of Cyperus rotundus in Koryong, Korea. The Koryong area where was the major production area of Cyperus rotundus was composed of 0.6hectare cultivation size per farm household and the processes like cultivation, processing, shipping were formed unitedly. The most general management type was labor-extensive one which use the Nakdong river basin or idle land effectively. The cultivation area have been decreased gradually because the price was very low so that the income per hectare was just 3,880 thousand won and productivity per hectare was just 6,280kg. Thus, production condition was very inferior, it needs some self-help to encourage the production because it has some possibility as only regional special product.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 1993

Survey on the status of cultivation and production of medicinal crop was studied on 18 medicinal herbs and 5 medicinal trees in 66 major crop producing complexes. Native seeds or seedlings of the crops obtained from self-seed or neighbored farmer were cultivated and organic fertilizer was preferred to chemical fertilizer in the complexes. More than 60.7% of farmers were applied compost among the organic fertilizers, while 34.8% of them cultivated without any organic fertilizers. Both of using the compound chemical fertilizers and urea and urea only used were showed 51. 5% and 40.9%, respectively. Ostericum koreanum, Angelica gigas, Phellopterus littoralis, and Bupleurum fulcatum belonging to the family Umbeliferae and Aralia continentalis, Polygonatum sibiricum and Eucommia ulmoides in the complexex were not damaged by insect pests and plant diseases. Mite, aphid, grub, cutworm, onion magot fly and european corn borer were known to as major insect pests and anthracnose, powdery mildew, brown leaf spot, leaf blight and root rot as major plant diseases. Productivity and income of a farm by medicinal crops in the complex were greatly different from seeding time, planting distance, year yielded, and selling routes even in the same cultivation method and in the same cultivated area.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2010

Water temperature, salinity and density on egg development of the sunray surf clam, Mactra chinensis were investigated for artificial seedling production. The required time from fertilization to D-shaped larvae were 33.8 hours in $18^{\circ}C$, 20.6 hours in $23^{\circ}C$, 18.2 hours in $28^{\circ}C$ and 15.0 hours in $33^{\circ}C$. The development duration was reduced with increasing temperature. The relationships between temperature and the required time from egg to each developmental stage were described as follows: 2-cell, 1/h = 0.1051WT - 1.4782; 8-cell, 1/h = 0.037WT - 0.3686; gastrula, 1/h = 0.008WT - 0.0521; trochophore, 1/h = 0.0041WT - 0.0235; D-shaped larva, 1/h = 0.0024WT - 0.0102. Biological minimum temperature for the egg development was estimated to be $8.0^{\circ}C$ in average. The possible range of temperature for the development of D-shaped larvae was $18-28^{\circ}C$ and optimum of water temperature for the development of egg was $23^{\circ}C$. The possible range of salinity for the development of D-shaped larvae was 20-35 psu and optimum of salinity for the development of egg was 30-35 psu over 25 psu at least. The density of fertilized egg was below 40 per 1 ml in rearing seawater for elevating the development rate from fertilized egg to D-shaped larva.