• The Safety technology
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• no.151
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• pp.22-23
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• 2010

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop techniques for the log cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Soil landfill cultivation of the in plastic container boxes containing yield per log than but there was no difference in the yield from both spawn Hyangsan" variety. In the case of soil landfill cultivation in a shaded vinyl house, an Ailanthus tree gave a higher yield than that using poplar tree, and the yield of the Hosan" variety was higher than that of the Hyangsan" variety. With regard to proper tree species selection, willow and cherry trees were good for both the Hosan" and "Hyangsan" variet.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1997

The fermentative conversion of food wastes into feed was investigated by seeding of mixed inoculum YM (Youngjin Environmental co.), and thermotolerant yeast Kl. marxianus. For 6 days' fermentaion, the fermentation method of 2 days' aerobic followed by 4 days' anaerobic was better for the production of organic acids and increasing total microbial population than 6 days' continuous aerobic or anaerobic fermentation. By seeding YM, the total microbial count increased about 100 times of the control group. In addition, Kl. marxianus seeding together with YM increased total viable cell count, but did not increase yeast count significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

For the detection of contaminated liquid spawn, we selected suitable medium, indicator and developed method of diagnosis. The growth of pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., and fungi, Trichoderma sp., in YPL media was better than in PDA and NA. In addition, the changes of color and absorbance of media were obviously showed when contaminated liquid spawn by pathogenic bacteria and fungi was incubated on YPL including phenol red for 48 hour at $25^{\circ}C$. The color of YPLP after incubating of infected liquid spawn by Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp. were changed from orange to red and to scarlet, respectively. Whereas, the color of YPLP after incubation of only Pleurotus ostreatus indicated yellow at liquid spawn. Therefore, it is possible to easily distinguish contaminated liquid spawn by color of change in YPLP.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 2002

The production of exopolysaccharide from Zoogloea ramigera 115SLR in batch culture was affected by carbon sources, rifampicin concentration, inoculum size and cell density of starter culture. The increase of organic nitrogen concentration and cell density in defined medium by adding starter culture resulted in higher production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) within 2 days. Glucose and lactose as carbon sources showed EPS production of 10.7 gk and 10.5 ga, respectively. Higher EPS production was obtained with 2.5% (w/v) glucose. White sugar, brown sugar and galactose produced less than 10 gt of EPS. The optical density of starter culture affected on EPS yield, producing over 10 gt of EPS in the range of 1.0-1.7. In the presence of rifsmpicin, Z. ramigera 115SLR produced EPS of 12.9 gt. Molecular weight of EPS produced with/without rifampicin was determined with 1.367$\times$106 and 1.711$\times$106 g/mol using HPSEC-MALLS-RI, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1977

The studies were carried out to examine the influence of the quantities of the rice straw substrate and spawn on the yield in the cultivation of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus(Fr.) Quel. using rice straw as growing substrate. The best yield of fresh sporophres was 102 kgs. when the substrate was increased by up to 90 kgs. per 3.3 sq. metre. In case of distributing the spawn over the surface, it was regularly possible to increase the yield using spawn rate of 8kgs. per 3.3 sq. metre and by increasing the ratio of spawn in the substrate, the mycelial growth also made rapid progress.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

In this study, whether Giemsa staining solution can accurately determine bacterial contamination of liquid spawn for Flammulina velutipes in a short period of time was investigated. Giemsa solution staining cells of blood, bone marrow, lymph node, malaria parasites, rickettsia et al. was prepared by dissolving basic methylene azul and methylene blue, and acidic eosine in methyl alcohol-glycerine. Supernatant samples of Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn cultured under explosive aeration were placed on a slide, mixed with Gimesa solution and examined with optical microscope after staining. In 40 to 60 seconds bacterial cells were distinguishable from soybean meal residual and hyphal cell fragments. Thus we conclude that microscopy using Gimesa staining solution is a quick, simple and accurate method for the mushroom growers to effectively use to detect bacterial contamination of the liquid spawn.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

To produce rapidly the traditional Kanjang soy sauce-like product with rich flavors, lactic acid bacteria of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Chungkukjang was used as one of starter cultures. Among 119 Enterococcus spp., eight strains were selected by protease-secreting activities and identified as four E. faecium, three E. faecalis, and one E. gallinarium. The strains showed low resistances toward eight antibiotics and had no resistant genes to the vancomycin. Especially, E. faecium O24 was cultivated well on 5% NaCl medium that was selected for further study as the starter. E. faecium O24 grew well on the steamed soybean and the counts increased by ten times overnight, which produced mostly 80 mg% glutamic acid and aspartic acid as the seasoning amino acids on the product. Various organic acids including principal lactic acid were also produced. Flavors of maltol and guaiacol, typical soy-sauce flavor, were produced in the mixed cultures of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida versatilis. Therefore, E. faecium O24 could be a starter of soybean fermentation for soy sauce-like product with rich flavors rapidly.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 2006

According to UPOV (International Union for Protection of New Varieties of Plants), mushroom spawn market have to be opened by the year 2009. Number of commercial strains distributed by the year 2005 were 179 of 24 species of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Only nine strains of oyster mushrooms were registered as protected variety, which is not compatible with those recorded in other advanced countries. Meaning of spawn in broad sense contains commercial strains. Development of commercial strains faces two main problems in Korea : One is the complicated genetic patterns and sexuality of mushroom species, and the other is expensive experimental equipments and fruiting body growing houses. Resolution of these problems leads to development of mushroom strains. This could be achieved as follows; genetic resources collection and assessment, molecular characterization of useful genetic characters, development of new commercial strains by hybridization using typical genetic resources, strengthening of breeding research using "Mushroom Breeding Group", management of spawn research company by consortium, foundation of mushroom general industry, promotion of consumption, and upgrade of competition ability for other countries. These points are under discussion.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2012

In this study, to produce Flammulina velutipes mushroom liquid spawn efficiently and effectively the effects of explosive aeration (supplying air with tiny bubbles) of the liquid culture medium on carbon dioxide concentration and residual sugar content in the medium on carbon dioxide concentration and residual sugar contentin the medium were measured. Carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at the outlet of the incubator. On the third day the explosive aeration greatly increased mycelial growth of the liquid spawn, and carbon dioxide concentration also greatly increased but decreased after 5 days. Free sugar contents in the liquid culture consistantly decreased up to 7 days and thereafter was not detected. The weight of the mycelia were maintained similar levels after 3 days. Total nitrogen content in the liquid medium constantly decreased during the 11days of explosive aeration. The content of free sugars in 7 days of culture was the lowest level, thus the inoculum incubated for 6~7 days was thought to be the most effective. Carbon dioxide concentration measurement at the outlet of the container during the liquid spawn incubation required low cost but was efficient to estimate the degree of mycelial growth to be used as a simple indicator.