• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

Objectives: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom and is associated with sleep behavior, sleep deprivation, and night shift, etc. It is also one of the most important symptoms of sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). According to our survey on Korean literature, a few studies have dealt with daytime sleepiness, and we have not been able to locate any study comparing normal subjects with polysomnography-proven sleep disorder patients regarding daytime sleepiness. We aimed at comparing daytime sleepiness among normal healthy daytime workers, medical students being expected to have daytime sleepiness due to chronic sleep deprivation, and patients having sleep disorders diagnosed with polysomnography. We also studied the association between subjective daytime sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings in patients with sleep disorders. Methods: One hundred three hospital workers, 137 medical students, and patients with sleep disorders were studied. Sleep disorders included OSA, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), insomnia, and narcolepsy. The degree of subjective sleepiness in each group was measured by the Korean version of Epworth sleepiness scale and compared. The relationship between polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of sleep disorder in each patient group and subjective sleepiness was analyzed. As for patients with narcolepsy, the relationship between the mean sleep latency and subjective sleepiness was studied. Results: There was a significant difference of ESS score (F=68.190, dF=5.752, p<0.001) among daytime workers, medical students, and sleep disorder patients. In OSA patient group, the degree of the sleepiness had no significant correlation either with mean O2 satuaration (p=0.062) or with RDI (p=0.807). In PLMS patient group, there was no correlation between periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and subjective sleepiness (p=0.761). In narcolepsy patient group, the subjective sleepiness had no correlation with mean sleep latency measured with MSLT (p=0.055). Conclusion: We found a significant difference of subjective sleepiness among daytime workers, medical students, and patients with sleep disorders. However, no consistent correlation was found between severity of subjective sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of each sleep disorder. This research confirms that the evaluation of subjective sleepiness is important clinically, but it cannot substitute the objective measures such as nocturnal polysomnography and MSLT.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference of subjective daytime sleepiness level between primary insomnia patients and healthy control subjects. We also investigated the relationship between subjective daytime sleepiness level and variables of nocturnal polysomnograghic sleep architecture of insomnia patients. Method: Total subjects were 87 patients with primary insomnia diagnosed with polysomnography and 88 normal controls. The daytime sleepiness level in each group was measured by Korean version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The correlations of ESS score and nocturnal polysomnographic variables were calculated in the patient group. Results: Patients with insomnia had the lower ESS scores than the control group. In patients group, the ESS score showed significant negative correlations with total sleep time, sleep efficiency%, and stage 2 sleep time%. The ESS score also showed significant positive correlations with number of awakenings, number of awakenings more than 2 minutes, and wake after sleep onset time. Conclusions: Insomnia patients showed lower level of subjective daytime sleepiness that may indicate their higher alertness comparing to control subjects. Daytime sleepiness of patients with insomnia was associated with polysomnographic variables including total sleep time, sleep efficiency%, stage 2 sleep time% and disrupted continuity of nocturnal sleep.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.148-156
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• 2019

This study identified the effects of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Sleep on Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in nursing students. Totally, 213 students of a nursing college located in C do, Korea, were enrolled for the study, which was accomplished through a questionnaire. Data were collected from May 20 to 30, 2019. The collected data were compiled using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 statistic program by applying Chi-square test, Paired t-test, Pearson's Coefficient, and Multiple logistic regression. The following results were obtained. The mean score for EDS was 8.95(±4.56), and Prevalence of EDS was determined to be 40.8%. The mean scores obtained for the affecting factors were Depression 10.05(±7.85), STAI-S 46.09(±9.50), STAI-T 46.47(±9.93), and Quality of Sleep 6.51(±2.95). Depression, STAI-S, STAI-T, and Quality of Sleep were significantly different for EDS and Non-EDS students (t=1.955, p=0.024; t=5.446, p<0.001; t=1.716, p=0.007; t=12.168, p<0.001; respectively). Multiple logistic regression revealed that factors associated with EDS were STAI-S and Quality of Sleep (adjusted odds ratio=1.04, 95% Confidence Interval=1.01-1.08; adjusted odds ratio=1.16, 95% Confidence Interval=1.04-1.29; respectively). These findings indicate the necessity to improve the quality of sleep and manage anxiety alleviation of nursing students, to reduce excessive daytime sleepiness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.481-484
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• 2011

Recent Automotive technology is driven from mechanical device to the electronic components which improve the vehicle's safety and convenience. The future competitiveness of the car will come from safety issues and energy efficiency, convenience and the application of the technologies. In this study, various techniques for driver drowsiness detection are introduced and compared with each others. The advantages and disadvantages of commercially available technologies and developed technologies are compared. To enhance the detection resolution, multiple sensing technologies are introduced in this paper. The feasibility of two drowsiness detection methods, that is, existing camera image recognition method and bio signal analysis method, are tested. The direct drowsiness detection by the camera image of eyes and driver's vital signs detected indirectly are combined and analyzed by the developed noble algorithm for stress, fatigue, drowsiness detection with a more accurate high-drowsiness detection.

• Product Safety
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• s.212
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• pp.12-12
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.561-567
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• 2013

본 연구는 졸음운전의 지표로 예상되는 심전도의 LF/HF 비율이 효과적으로 졸음운전을 예측하는지를 검증하는 것이었다. 본 연구는 총 31명이 참가하였으며, 가상 운전 시뮬레이션 과제를 활용하여 진행하였다. 수면박탈이 운전 중 LF/HF 비율에 영향을 미치는지를 검증하기 위해 충분한 수면을 취한 조건과 수면이 박탈된 조건으로 실험을 실시하였다. 충분한 수면을 취한 조건에서 참가자는 전날 6시간 이상의 수면을 취한 후 30분동안 진행되는 가상 운전과제를 수행하였다. 수면이 박탈된 조건에서는 실험에 참여하기 전날에 참가자가 5시간 이하의 수면을 취하도록 유도한 후 60분 동안 진행되는 가상 운전 과제에 참여하도록 하였다. 참가자는 두 조건 모두에서 심전도를 측정할 수 있는 장비를 착용한 상태로 가상 운전 과제를 수행하였다. LF/HF 비율과 지각된 졸음운전과의 관계성을 확인하기 위해서 참가자가 가상 운전 과제를 수행하는 동안 10분간격으로 주관적 졸림정도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 충분한 수면을 취한 조건보다 수면박탈 조건에서 참가자의 LF/HF 비율이 감소하였으며, 동일하게 주관적 졸림정도는 증가하였다. 또한 주관적 졸림정도가 LF/HF비율을 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 LF/HF 비율을 통한 졸음 운전 예측은 타당한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.121-130
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• 2020

This study identified the differences and relationships between clinical practice stress, sleep quality, and daytime sleep disorder before and after clinical practice of college nursing students. The subjects were 130 students in the third year of nursing science. The results showed that the average clinical stress of the study subjects was 3.15 out of 5 points. Out of the external factors for clinical practice stress, the score for the task was 3.64. There was a significant difference in gender (t=-3.88, p<).001), subjective health status (F=5.78, p=.004), residence (F=3.20, p=.026). Nursing students showed lower sleep quality (80.0% before practice, 70.0% after practice), and those with daytime sleepiness (26.9% before practice, 42.3% after practice) were more than those of general college students. There was a difference between sleep quality (χ²=4.06, p=.004) and daytime sleepiness (χ²=6.08, p=.009) before and after clinical practice. There was also a negative correlation between daytime sleepiness and sleep quality (r=-.259, p<0.01). Therefore, strategies to reduce clinical practice stress and improve the quality of sleep are needed for the physical and mental health of nursing college students. The quality of nursing can be improved in the future by helping nursing students adapt to the clinical practice of changing nursing education field.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2012

Objectives: Individuals differ in their biological rhythms. This study investigated the association between the morningness-eveningness and sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness and fatigue in Korean male adolescents. Methods: Participants were 501 eleventh grade male students ($16.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in one male high school in Seoul. Each student completed the Korean translation of composite scale (KtCS), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and a questionnaire about their sleep schedule. Results: The evening group had shorter weekday sleep time than the intermediate (p<0.001) or morning group (p=0.029). The evening group had more daytime napping (16.8%, p<0.001), high rate of caffeine use (58.8%, p<0.001) and snoring (18.5%, p=0.037). The evening group showed more daytime sleepiness (8.7, SD=3.2, p<0.001) and severe fatigue (4.4, SD=1.2, p<0.001) than the intermediate or morning group. Conclusion: Adolescents with eveningness have higher problems in weekday sleep, daytime sleepiness and fatigue. An intervention program for sleep problem in these adolescents should be considered.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Objectives: Whether daytime sleepiness is proportional to the severity of sleep apnea in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is controversial. In this study we investigated how insomnia severity affects the association between daytime sleepiness and sleep apnea severity in OSAS. Methods: The present study included 235 male subjects who were diagnosed with OSAS based on clinical history and nocturnal polysomnography. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted among sleep and mood-related self-reported data, polysomnographic data and demographic data of all subjects. Based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the subjects were divided into 2 groups; group A (n = 75; $PSQI{\leq}5$) and group B (n = 160; PSQI > 5). Partial correlation analysis was performed between the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and other data in both groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors which affected the ESS in group A. Results: Pearson's correlation analysis showed weak or non-existent correlations between ESS and apnea severity data such as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.148, p = 0.023), apnea index (AI) (r = 0.137, p = 0.036), hypopnea index (HI) (r = 0.058, p = 0.377), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (r = 0.149, p = 0.022) and arousal total index (ATI) (r = 0.129, p = 0.048). Positive correlations between ESS and apnea severity data such as AHI ($r_p=0.313$, p = 0.008), AI ($r_p=0.339$, p = 0.004), ODI ($r_p=0.289$, p = 0.015) and ATI ($r_p=0.256$, p = 0.031) were observed only in group A. Multiple regression analysis showed that AI (t = 2.996, p = 0.004) and BAI (t = 2.721, p = 0.008) were associated with ESS in group A. Conclusion: The correlation between daytime sleepiness and sleep apnea severity was shown only in group A. This result suggests that associations between daytime sleepiness in OSAS and sleep apnea severity will become prominent when controlling for insomnia-related variables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.81-86
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• 2001

산업의 발전과 함께 소비3자의 욕구는 제품의 질적, 감성적 향상을 요구하고 있으며, 또한 최근 각종 공학의 눈부신 발전에 힘입어서 자동차의 성능, 안락성 등이 크게 향상되면서 운전자의 운전 중 피로감 제거에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 주관적인 피로감 평가 방식 중 졸림감(KSS), 피로감 용어 및 신체 불편도를 이용하여 평가를 수행하였다. 졸림감 및 피로감 용어는 차종 및 자세에 따라 약간의 차이가 있었지만, 대체적으로 시간이 지남에 따라 불편함의 정도가 심해졌다. 신체 불편도에 대한 평가결과 엉덩이, 요추, 어때, 좌우 발목 부위가 불편한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 차종별 또는 운전자세에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이기도 했다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해서 동환경 시스템의 기초 데이터를 확보할 뿐만 아니라, 자동차를 설계하는데 있어, 보다 안락하고 편안한 운전환경을 만들 수 있는 기초자료로써 활용이 가능할 것이다.