• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.30-40
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• 1999

Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is one of the most important measures for the watcr-saving and high yield of crops. RDI is based on the crop and water relations. The theories of RDI were analyzed using the experiment data in Sha.anxi. and Gansu Province. There are several problems of RDI in practical use, which include: the uncertainty of cropwwater relations, the proper growth stages and water deficit d$\xi$gree ofRDI applied, and the requirements ofRDI to irrigation system and irrigation tecbniques.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2012

Purpose: We measured the amplitude of accommodation using the push-up and push-away tests and near point of convergence (NPC) and investigated the accommodative insufficiency (AI) and convergence insufficiency (CI) in elementary school children of 12~13 years old. Methods: 88 students who aged 12~13 $12.63{\pm}0.51$ years old with more than 1.0 spectacle best corrected visual acuity were examined using push-up and push-away tests. The break and recovery points of NPC also were measured. Results: Mean amplitudes of accommodations using push-up and push-away tests were $11.52{\pm}2.50D$ and $10.06{\pm}1.97D$, respectively in right eye (P<0.001). Mean break and recovery points in NPC were $8.66{\pm}1.99cm$ and $10.98{\pm}2.06cm$. AI and CI showed 28.75% and 30.00% each. 48.75% was within normal range in both amplitudes of accommodations according to their age expected and convergence. Students having both AI and CI were 7.50%. Conclusions: A high correlation between the push-up test and push-away test was found in elementary school children (r=0.6025; P<0.05). Students having normal amplitude of accommodation by their age expected and normal convergence were 71.25% and 70.00%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

북한의 식량 상황이 악화된 근본적인 원인은 생산 주체에 대한 인센티브 부족, 농업환경을 보면 경작지 면적이 전체 20% 정도로 낮고, 무상기일이 135-180일로 짧으며, 토양의 비옥도 저하, 삼림파괴로 인한 토양 유실증가, 가뭄, 홍수, 태풍과 같은 자연 재해가 계속되고 있다. 농업 구조적인 요인들로는 농업에 투입되는 에너지 부족(연료, 비료, 농약, 전기 등), 농업 기계화율 정도가 높았으나 노후화에 따른 예비 부품 부족으로 인한 활용률의 저하, 양질의 종자확보 부족, 갖추고 있는 관개 시설의 노후화로 인한 관개시설 활용과 관수 효율의 저하, 농산물 수확 후 수송과 저장 과정에서 손실증가 등을 들수 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.376-387
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• 2018

Among a variety of environmental stresses heat, cold, chilling, high salt, drought, and so on exposed to plants, drought stress has been reported as a crucial factor to adversely affect the growth and productivity of plants. Therefore, to understand the mechanism for the drought stress signal transduction pathway in plants is more helpful to develop useful crops that display the enhanced tolerance against drought stress, and to expand crop growing areas. The signal transduction pathway for the drought stress in plants is largely categorized into two types; ABA-dependent pathway and ABA-independent pathway. It has been reported that two transcription factors, AREB/ABF and DREB2, play predominant roles in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. In addition to transcriptional regulation mediated by AREB/ABF and DREB2 transcription factors, post-translational modification (such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination) and epigenetic control are importantly involved in the signal transduction for drought stress. In this paper, we review current understanding of signal transduction pathway on drought stress in plants, especially focusing on the biological roles of a variety of signaling components related to drought stress response. Further understanding the mechanism of drought resistance in plants through this review will be useful to establish theoretical basis for developing drought tolerant crops in the future.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2005

To evaluate the reliability of binocular vision measurements by phorometry. 90 students volunteered to participate in this study. 25 subjects were males, and 65 were females, they ranged in ages from 21 to 30 years. All subjects had normal ocular and systematic health, and all of them had at least 1.0 visual acuity with their best correction. At negative relative convergence(NRC) measurement in distance, the percentage of subjects is included in expected value(blur point/break point/recovery point) was 78%/61%/67%, divergence excess(DE) was 9%/31%/33%, and divergence insufficience(DI) was 13%/8%/9%, respectively. And positive relative convergence(PRC) measurement, includes expected value was 20%/46%/39%, convergence excess(CE) was 22%/14%/16%, and convergence insufficience(CI) was 35%/40%/45%. AC/A ratios of 42 subjects were normal. 38 were low, and the rest of them high. A low AC/A ratio is usually the result of a small vergence response in relation to accommodation. Negative relative convergence(NRC) at near, includes expected value was 26%/29%/44%, divergence excess(DE) was 61%/33%/24%, and divergence insufficience(DI) was 3%/38%/32%. And PRC at near, includes expected value was 33%/40%/31%, convergence excess(CE) was 61%/23%/42%, and convergence insufficience(CI) was 6%/37%/27%. For the near point of convergence(NPC) test, 58% of their subjects had a break of ${\leq}8cm$ with the accommodative target. In case of NRA(PRA) measurement, the expected value was 41%(33%). Accommodative insufficiency (AI) was 33%(43%), and accommodative excess(AE) was 26%(24%), respectively. AE was related to respectively low values of NRA. AI and CE are associated with high value of NRA, and the dysfunction of convergence excess combined with AE was related to a normal-high values of NRA. PRA in AI was related to a low value, wheres the dysfunction are associated with high values of PRA.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.139-165
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• 2021

In this study, we focused on the socio-structural factors that cause ageism, investigating whether the influence of the resource scarcity on ageism in the younger generation depends on socioeconomic status. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an online study of 219 adults in their 20s and 30s. Specifically, participants were randomly assigned to either the resource scarcity priming condition or the control condition, and completed a writing task. After this, participants responded to ageism and socioeconomic status items. As a result, the effect of resource scarcity on ageism was not significant. However, we found that socioeconomic status moderated the impact of resource scarcity on ageism. In other words, resource scarcity priming has been shown to significantly reduce ageism for individuals who have relatively lower socioeconomic status. This finding is in line with previous studies in which people of low socioeconomic status were found to be more sympathetic to socially disadvantaged individuals suffering deleterious situations such as resource scarcity. This work is significant in that we have looked at both the situational and personal factors influencing ageism, and in that we have attempted to examine the causal influence of resource scarcity on ageism through an experimental approach. However, since the alternative explanation of the findings has not been completely excluded, replication through further studies will be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare binocular functions such as near point of convergence (NPC), AC/A ratios, heterophoria, accommodation, accommodation lag, positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative convergence (PRC), negative relative convergence (NRC) in normal subjects and convergence insufficiency. Methods: 86 subject (male n=45, female n=41, mean $age{\pm}SD=23.27{\pm}2.85$ years) without amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular pathology were studied. Forty three patients each group were classified as normal subjects and convergence insufficiency group based on AC/A ratio and far and near phoria. Binocular function of the two groups was measured using phoropter. r. Results: The values between normal subjects and convergence insufficiency were 5.71 cm and 7.07 cm for NPC, 5.28 and 2.81 for Heterophria AC/A, 0.92 exo/3.36 exo and 2.17 exo/10.84 exo for far and near phoria, 15.49/23.30/13.30 and 13.50/20.02/9.09 for PRC, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between normal subjects and convergence insufficiency for accommodative amplitude, accommodative lag, PRA, NRA, BI vergence test, BO vergence test, NRC. Conclusions: Both groups were a significant difference for cover test, NPC, Heterophria AC/A, far and near phoria, break point of PRC, and recovery point of PRC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.12-31
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• 1995

$\bigcirc$ 최근 우리나라의 농업은 심각한 대내외적 변화와 도전에 직면해 있음. - 내적요인 ㆍ 경영규모의 영세성, 생산기반의 취약, 노동력 부족과 노임상승, 경지면적의 감소와 지가상승 ⇒농업수익성의 감소, 국제경쟁력의 저하 ㆍ 농촌의 생활수준 및 주거환경의 낙후 ⇒ 이농증가 ⇒ 농촌노동력 부족의 악순환 ⇒ 유휴농지의 증가 ⇒ 농촌의 활력 상실 (중략)

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-80
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of career barriers on college students majoring in culinary arts on career preparation behavior, and the moderating effect of self-efficacy between career barriers and career preparation behavior. For this purpose, the data was collected through a questionnaire survey from four hundred and eleven students majoring in culinary arts at colleges in South Korea. The data were analyzed by using factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical analysis with SPSS 18.0. The results are as follows. Among the career barriers, the lack of job information and lack of interest had a significant negative influence on information gathering behavior, although physical inferiority had a significant positive influence on information gathering behavior. The lack of self-concept clarity and lack of job information had a significant negative influence on practical efforts, while conflicts with important others and physical inferiority had a significant positive influence on practical efforts. In addition, the lack of self-concept clarity, lack of job information, and lack of interest had a significant negative influence on tool preparation behavior. Pysical inferiority had a significant positive influence on tool preparation behavior. Self-efficacy showed a partial moderating effect between the lack of job information and tool preparation behavior. Managerial implications and limitations were also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.261-261
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• 2016

임진강 유역은 우리나라와 북한과의 접경지역에 속하는 유역으로서 임진강은 북한에서 발원하여 남한으로 흘러 한강으로 유입되는 공유하천으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구 유역은 이수, 치수, 수질, 환경 측면에서 타 유역에 비해 불안요소가 많은 지역이므로 남북한의 관계 개선을 통한 효과적인 대책 수립에서 공동의 노력이 필요한 지역이라 할 수 있다. 과거에 집중호우와 태풍의 영향 등으로 인하여 많은 피해로 인하여 이에 따른 대책과 많은 계획 등이 수립되었고, 북한의 무단방류에 따른 사고로 인하여 피해로 인하여 이를 극복하고, 홍수를 조절하는 목적으로 군남홍수조절지, 한탄강홍수조절댐을 건설하여 홍수에 따른 선제적 대응과 주민 피해 등을 방지하고자 하였다. 그러나 최근 경기북부를 포함한 임진강 유역의 가뭄으로 인한 유량의 감소로 인하여, 2014~2015년의 파주 장단반도 일대의 농업용수 부족과 하구의 조위, 즉 염도에 의한 영향으로 하류부 급수 불량 등 이수적 측면에서 주민들의 피해 문제가 속출하고 있는 실정이다. 위와 같은 배경을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 임진강 유역에 위치한 기상 수문관측자료(2000년~2015년)를 이용하여 다음 내용을 연구하였다. 첫째로 수문기상인자들의 경향성 분석을 통하여 임진강 유역의 유량 감소 원인을 파악하였으며, 수문기상인자들의 감소에 따른 영향과 북한 댐건설에 따른 유역변경 영향에 대하여 분석을 수행하였다. 전체적으로 임진강 유역의 유량은 감소추세에 있으며, 북한 댐건설의 영향이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 최근 2014년과 2015년의 유량 감소는 강수량의 감소 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째로 북한 댐건설에 의한 영향을 살펴보기 위해 임진강 상류를 대상으로 하천유출모형인 PDM을 이용하여 장기유출모의를 수행하였으며, 모의결과 북한 댐건설에 의해 유출특성이 변하였음을 확인하였다. 세 번째로 임진강 유역 갈수량을 추정하고 물 부족량 및 필요수량을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 북한 댐건설 이후를 기준으로 물 부족량이 발생하였으며, 이에 필요한 필요 수량을 제안하였다. 또한 최근 2014년과 2015년과 같은 비상시에 대한 필요 수량도 제안하였다. 마지막으로 앞서 제안한 필요 수량을 확보하기 위해 기존댐 담수 및 연계운영, 신규 수자원 확보 방안, 남북 공유하천 공동 관리 방안 등의 대응방안을 제안하였다.