• Title/Summary/Keyword: 정화율

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Population Characteristics of Ichthyofauna and Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus in 4 Water Dams(Daegok Dam, Sayeon Dam, Daeam Dam, Seonam Dam) in Ulsan Area (울산권 4개 용수댐(대곡댐, 사연댐, 대암댐, 선암댐)의 어류상과 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus)의 개체군 특성)

  • Jang, Chang-Ryeol;Kim, Jin-Hong;Shin, Young-Seob;Lee, Hak-Joon;Kim, Bong-Seok;Kim, Jung-Hwa;Bae, Yang-Seop
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.402-412
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to examine the population characteristics of the fish and the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), designated as ecologically disturbing fish, living in four water dams in the Ulsan area and to provide basic data. The survey of fish living in 4 water dams and surrounding tributaries in the Ulsan area from 2016 to 2017 found a total of 1,987 individuals of 28 species of 9 families and identified 6 Korea's endemic species is (21.4% indigenous rate), 4 exotic species, and 2 ecosystem disturbing species. Based on the number of fishes identified, the dominant species was Lepomis macrochirus, and the subdominant species was Hemiculter eigenmanni. The investigation of the age structure of the L. macrochirus found in the 4 water dams in the Ulsan area showed a large population of 1 to 2 old, and the population was growing fast. Moreover, the analysis of the total length-weight relationship and obesity of the L. macrochirus population showed that the regression coefficient b of the total length-weight relationship was greater than 3.0, and the habitat of the L. macrochirus population was in good condition. Obesity had a positive slope, and the growth state was relatively good. The result of this study can be used as useful data to predict the trend of the L. macrochirus fauna inhabiting in 4 water dams in the Ulsan area.

Intake of fruits and vegetables may modify the risk of cataract in Korean males: data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 (채소 및 과일의 섭취가 백내장 유병율에 미치는 영향 : 2012년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여)

  • Lee, Eunkyung;Choi, Jeong-Hwa;Heo, Young-Ran
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.423-432
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Cataract is a major cause of a loss of eye sight, and is a critical health issue in an aging society. The oxidative stresses to the lens due to various exterior/interior stimuli leads to degenerative changes of the visual system, resulting in cataract. Therefore, reducing the level of oxidative damage is critical in the prevention of the disease. This study examined the association between the risk of cataract and intake of fruits and vegetables, the major dietary source of antioxidants. Methods: Using the data of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012, the intake of fruits and vegetables of 1,332 males (222 cases) and 2,012 females (377 cases) were analyzed, taking into account the cataract phenotype. Their dietary intake was categorized in 6 groups: TV (total vegetables), F (fruits), TVF (TV+F), SV (salted vegetables), NSV (Non-SV), and NSVF (NSV+F). The level of intakes were evaluated referring to the recommendation level of various dietary guidelines. Results: The presence of cataract was associated with some type of fruit and vegetable intake. In males, the controls had more TVF (p < 0.001), TV (p = 0.001), SV (p = 0.012), NSV (p = 0.007), and NSVF (p < 0.001) intake than the cases, and the lower intake of TVF (< 500g), TV (300g), NSV (< 100g), and NSVF (< 400g) increased the risk of cataract by up to 1.7 fold [95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.71]. In females, the controls also had a higher intake of TVF (p < 0.001), TV (p = 0.042), and NSVF (p < 0.001), but the intake of such fruits and vegetables did not predict the meaningful risk of cataract. The intake of SV and F was not associated with the cataract phenotype in either males or females. Conclusion: The intake of fruits and vegetables can modify the risk of cataract in Korean males and a sufficient intake of those could be effective in the prevention of cataract.

Preparation of Biodegradable Polymer Microparticles Containing 5-FU Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 5-FU 함유 생분해성 고분자 미세입자 제조)

  • Jung, Ju-Hee;Jung, In-Il;Joo, Hyun-Jae;Shin, Jae-Ran;Lim, Gio-Bin;Ryu, Jong-Hoon
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.452-459
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    • 2008
  • To obtain maximal efficacy with minimal systemic side-effects, many studies have been carried out to achieve the controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In this study, biodegradable poly(L-lactide) (L-PLA) microparticles containing 5-FU were prepared by a process, called aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide. The effects of various organic solvents, drug/polymer feeding ratio, polymer molecular weight, and blending with the same polymers with different molecular weights on the formation of 5-FU loaded microparticles were investigated under a predetermined operating condition from our previous study. The drug recovery, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release kinetics were determined by HPLC assays. The drug recovery obtained from the ASES process was found to be very high, whereas the drug entrapment efficiency was considerably low in all the experiments due to the poor affinity between L-PLA and 5-FU. These results indicated that the precipitation rate of L-PLA might be quite different from that of 5-FU so that there was little chance to form 5-FU loaded L-PLA microparticles.

Effect of pH and Temperature on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Onto Coal Mine Drainage Sludge (CMDS) (탄광슬러지를 이용한 금속광산 산성배수 처리 시 pH및 온도의 영향)

  • Cui, Ming-Can;Lim, Jung-Hyun;Kweon, Bo-Youn;Jang, Min;Shim, Yon-Sik;Khim, Jee-Hyeong
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2009
  • In this study, the effect of pH and temperature on the adsorption behavior of acid mine drainage (AMD) on coal mine drainage sludge (CMDS) has been investigated during the treatment of coal mine drainage (CMD) by electrical purification method. The pH$_{zero\;point\;charge}$ (pH$_{zpc}$) of CMDS was 5. The removal ratio of copper, zinc, cadmium, iron were increased according to the increase of pH value. The adsorption amount of copper showed 0.64 mg g$^{-1}$ sludge. It was independent of pH value. The adsorption amount of the other metals showed l.l times when pH was 3. The adsorption amount of chromium was a little bit increased at the pH value higher than 7 due to a small amount of the chromium was eluted as $Cr(OH)_6^{3-}$. The amount of metals' absorption were decreased according to temperature was increase at pH value was 3. The selectivity order was Cd>Fe > Zn > Cu. The amount of absorption showed q$_{max}$ Cu 2.747 mg g$^{-1}$ andZn 2.525 mg g$^{-1}$ when pH value higher than 5. It was independent of temperature.

Effects of weir on the change of sediments (하천의 보가 퇴적물에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Yong-Chul;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Woo, Hyo-Seop;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.1083-1087
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    • 2006
  • 과거 50 년 동안 국내 보 설치 수는 매년 증가하여 왔으나, 그 증가비율은 근래 들어 감소하는 추세로, 이는 보 보다는 용수공급능력이 큰 양수장, 저수지 등 타 시설물에 의존하는 것으로 판단 할 수 있다. 더욱이 인구의 도시 집중화에 따른 농경지의 도시화, 경작 방식의 변화에 의한 비닐하우스 단지로의 변화, 시설의 노후화 등으로 매년 $50{\sim}150$개 정도의 보가 폐기되고 있다. 그러나 이렇게 폐기되는 보는 하천에 그대로 존치되어 하천생태통로의 단절, 수질악화, 수변 서식처 악화 등의 문제를 지속적으로 야기 시키고 있다. 실험은 문산천 검전보, 안양천 안양대교보, 기철거된 경안천 무명보에서 자연시료를 채취하여 실행 하였다. 문산천 검전보는 하천환경이 안정되고 양호한 대조구간으로 선정하였다. 안양 대교보는 도심화로 인하여 원기능을 상실하였으며 수차례에 걸친 개수가 이루어졌고 수년전까지만 해도 러브보로 인한 수질정화장치가 있었으나 효능이 약화되어 철거할 계획을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 경안천 무명보는 현재는 완전 철거된 상태이다. 경안천 무명보는 기 철거된 보의 대조구간으 로 선정하였다. 보 상류의 수질 오염도가 높은 것은 정체구역에 의한 용존산소 부족과 오염저니에 의한 것으로 판단되므로, 각각의 대상보의 퇴적물 오염도를 조사하였다. 각각의 조사 지점은 검전보의 경우, 만장교를 최상류 지점으로, 검전보 상/하류, 광탄교를 최하류 지점으로 선정하여, 총 4 지점에서 채취했으며, 안양대교보의 경우 최상류지점, 보 상/하류 지점으로 총 3지점, 무명보의 경우 보 상/하류로 총 2 지점에서 채취했으며, 실험은 $\ulcorner$Soil Method$\lrcorner$에 준하여, 각각 입도분포, 함수율, 강열감량, COD, T-N, T-P 등을 시행하였다. 문산천 검전보 퇴적물 오염도 조사 결과, 강열감량, COD, T-N, T-P 항목에서 보 상류가 보 하류에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 각각 하류에 비해 상류가 30.76%, 16.69%, 73.13%, 18.91% 더 높게 나타났다. 안양대교보 퇴적물 조사 결과, 검전보와 마찬가지로, 강열감량, COD, T-N, T-P 항목에서 보 상류가 보 하류에 비해 33.33%, 9.23%, 24.78%, 18.56% 높게 나타났다. 기 철거된 무명보의 경우, 무명보 상류, 무명보 하류 2개 지점을 채취하였으며, 강열감량, COD, T-N 항목에서 보 상류가 보 하류에 비해 18.75%, 412.6%, 25.75% 높게 나타났다. 퇴적물 조사 결과, 강열감량, COD, T-N 항목에서 검전보, 안양대교보, 무명보 모두 보 상류의 오염도가 높게 나타났으며, 무명보를 제외한 검전보, 안양대교보는 T-P 항목에서도 보 상류의 오염도가 높게 나타나, 보 상류의 퇴적물 오염농도가 심화된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기철거된 무명보의 경우, 강열감량, COD, T-N, 항목에서 보 상류가 높게 나타났으나, 철거되지 않은 검전보나 안양대교보에 비해 그 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

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Research for Performance Improvement of De-NOx of Cu-SCR Catalysts (Cu-SCR 촉매의 De-NOx 성능 향상을 위한 연구)

  • Seo, Choong-Kil
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.112-118
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    • 2018
  • In order to meet the strict emission regulations for internal combustion engines based on fossil fuel, the proportion of after-treatments for vehicles and vessels is gradually increasing. Diesel engines have high power, good fuel economy, and lower $CO_2$ emissions, and their market shares are increasing in commercial vehicles and passenger cars. However, NOx is generated in the localized high-temperature combustion regions, and particulate matter is formed in the zones of diffusion combustion. LNT and urea-SCR catalysts have been developed for after-treatment of the exhaust gas to reduce NOx in diesel vehicles. This study aims to improve the NOx reduction performance of Cu SCR catalyst, which is widely used in light, medium, and heavy-duty diesel engines. The de-NOx performance of $5Cu-2ZrO_2$/93Zeolyst(Si/Al=13.7) SCR catalyst was about 5-50% higher than that of $5Cu-2ZrO_2$/93Zeolite(Si/Al=2.9) at catalyst temperatures of $300^{\circ}C$ or higher. The zeolite had lower metal dispersion than zeolyst, and the reaction rate of the catalyst decreased as the average particle size increased. The $10Cu-2ZrO_2$/88Zeolyst catalyst loaded with 10wt% Cu had the highest NOx conversion rate of 40% at $200^{\circ}C$ and about 65% at $350^{\circ}C$. The ion exchange rate of Cu ions increased with that of Al, the crystalline compound of zeolite, and the de-NOx performance was improved by 20-40% compared to other catalysts.

Preparation of an Immobilized Enzyme for Enhancing Thermostability of the Crude Proteinase from Fish Intestine (어류 내장 유래 단백질 분해효소로부터 열안정성 개선을 위한 고정화 효소의 제조)

  • 전유진;박표잠;변희국;송병권;김원석;김세권
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.627-637
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    • 1998
  • In order to utilize tuna pyloric caeca among fish intestines wasted when treated raw fish in fish processing manufactory, a crude enzyme with high proteolytic activity was extracted and its optimum condition were investigated. An immobilized enzymes also were prepared by adsorption method to enhance thermostability of the crude proteinase. The yield of the crude proteinase was approximately 2.7% on dry basis. The proteolytic activity for casein was 0.54 U/mg protein, for BTEE 1.10 U/mg protein, and for BAEE 2.69 U/mg protein. It was almost similar to that of the commercial trypsin purified. Optimum hydrolysis activity of the crude proteinase was about 80%, as the degree of hydrolysis for casein, at pH 10.0 and 45$^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs. Also, when the crude proteinase was immobilized on DEAE-Cellulose and chitin, the residual activities remained after 7 days of pre-incubation time were maintained about 90% or more and their thermostabilities were enhanced by about 50%, compared with the native enzyme.

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Ethanol Production an Immobilized Themotolerant Mutant of Brettanomyces custersii H1-39 from Wood Hydrolyzate Media (목질계 당화액배지로부터 고온내성 변이주 Brettanomyces custersii H1-39의 고정화에 의한 에탄올생산)

  • 박승원;홍영기;김승욱;홍석인
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.172-179
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    • 2000
  • Bretlanomyces C!tstersii Hl-39 mutant was immobilized with various caniers. Immobilized mutant Hl-39 produced more ethanol and showed higher productivity and cell concentration than those of free 81-39 in 3.4% hydrolyzate of wood-chips at different temperatures ($37^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ and $43^{\circ}C$). At $37^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration produced by mutant H1-39 immobilized in Ca-alginate and ARG(l % Ca-alginate, 1.67% bentonite, 0.33% glutaraldehyde) bead were higher than those produced by the other earners (ACG ; 1 % CaHalginate. ] .67% celite R-634 , 0.33% glutaraldehyde, ABP ; 1 % Ca-alginate. 1.67% bentonite, 0.33% pectin. ACP: 1 % Ca-alginate, ] .67% celiLe R-634, 0.33% pecLin). The highest value of productivity(l.23 ) was obtained by using ABG beads. At $40^{\circ}C$, ethanol conccntration and productivity obtained by ABC beads ,>,"ere 15.2 glL and 0.84 gl L.h, respectively, which showed the highest value compared to other carriers. Particularly, productivity of ilmnobilized ceIl was increased up to 90% as compared to that offree cell. On the other hand, ABP(l % Ca-alginate+L67% bentonile+O.33% pectin) beads gave the best resulLs at $43^{\circ}C$ for production of ethanol and productivity, which were 13.8 g!l and 0.77 g/l h, respectively.ively.

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What are Valuable Positive Signs of Supraspinatus Test for Diagnosis of Torn Rotator Cuff? - Comparison of Pain and Weakness in "Empty Can Test" and "Full Can Test" - (회전근 개 파열의 진단을 위한 극상근 검사에서 유용한 양성 징후는 무엇인가? - "Empty can test"와 full can test"에서 통증과 근력 약화의 비교 -)

  • Shin, Hun-Kyu;Kim, Eu-Gene;Jeong, Hwa-Jae;Kim, Jong-Min;Choi, Jae-Yol;Lee, Yong-Taek
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: To investigate the validity of positive signs of supraspinatus test. Materials and Methods: The empty can test and full can test were performed on 200 shoulders which were diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging or surgical findings as full thickness tear, partial thickness tear and no tear. Presence of pain, weakness, pain or weakness, and both pain and weakness were recorded as positive signs separately. The two tests with positive signs were compared and analyzed. Results: Pain and weakness were severity-dependent, and the empty-can test had a higher incidence of pain. The sensitivities of the two supraspinatus tests in all positive signs were higher when including partial-thickness tears in the tear group; however, their specificities were higher when excluding partial-thickness tears. The sensitivities of an empty-can test in 'pain', 'pain or weakness', 'both pain and weakness' were higher than those of the full-can test, otherwise, the specificity of the full-can test for 'pain' and 'pain or weakness' were higher. Concordance rate between 'pain or weakness' and 'pain' was the highest in all categorization. Conclusion: Both empty can and full can test were valuable for detecting torn rotator cuff.

Removal of Benzene-Nonaqueous Phase liquid(NAPL) in Soil Tank by NAPL Swelling and Non-swelling alcohols (토양 탱크에서 흡수 알코올과 비흡수 알코올을 이용한 벤젠-비수용상액체 제거 연구)

  • Song, Chung-Hyun;Jeong, Seung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.40-47
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    • 2009
  • Coinjection of alcohol and air or alcohol flooding only were evaluated with 3-D soil tank for removal of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminant from soil. 70%-ethanol and 40%-isopropanol were used for non-NAPL-swelling alcohol and NAPL-swelling alcohol, respectively. 729 ml-benzene was placed in the 37 liter soil tank. Alcohols were respectively injected from the injection well placed near the bottom of the tank and mobilized free phase NAPL and aqueous phases were then recovered from the extraction well placed in the upper part of the soil tank. Approximately 50% of removed NAPLs were free-phase in all experiments. The results were completely different to the previous soil column experiment results and also implied that alcohol properties did not affect the NAPL removal efficiency in the 3-D soil tank experiment. Air was also co-injected with alcohol to evaluate co-injection effects on NAPL removal. Enhanced NAPL removal effect of co-injection of 70%-ethanol and air was also found even in the 3-D soil tank evaluation. However, co-injection effect of 40%-iso-propanol and air was less apparent. This study determined that the most important parameter governing alcohol flooding for NAPL removal would be extraction capacity to recover NAPL and aqueous phase flowing in the soil. More researches are required for improving recovery efficiency of extraction well in real soil contamination conditions.

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