• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.38-57
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• 2018

Led by the Cultural Heritage Administration, studies on the cultural heritage of railways have merely focused on modern registered cultural heritage and on excavating the cultural heritage of modern rail transportation. Endeavors of institutions relevant to railways to protect the cultural heritage of railways were not sufficiently made. Only the internal guideline to protect the cultural heritage of railways made by the railway corporation is being implemented. This study aims to assert the need to examine the protective measures of the heritage of railroad cars and to vitalize plans of conserving the heritage of railroad cars. Also, plans to protect the heritage of railroad cars and methods to invigorate schemes of protecting the heritage of railroad cars will be suggested. The current situation of protecting the heritage of railroad cars was investigated via a field trip. Through exploring overseas examples of protecting the heritage of the railroad cars, ways to vitalize plans of widely publicizing the heritage of the railroad cars with their historical values were suggested. Results showed that first, the way of openly exhibiting conserved railroad cars by setting up stands other than the way of exhibiting and conserving in one site was necessary. Second, in order to properly preserve and manage the cultural heritage of railways, railroad cars, much like natural monuments or intangible cultural properties, need to be perceived as cultural properties. Also, it is necessary to amend the Cultural Properties Protection Law to include railway heritage. Third, the perception of the cultural heritage of railways should be heightened, and SNS, blogs, and cafes need to strategically promote this heritage in order to increase the public's interest. Fourth, in addition to enacting legislations and gaining institutional support for the cultural heritage of railways, the budget to operate the responsible department, and employing staff for the heritage of railroad cars should be resolved as a priority in order to enhance the capability of managing this cultural heritage. In order to rationally protect the cultural heritage of railways and invigorate plans to protect the cultural heritage of railways, it is necessary to garner administrative and financial support, and enact the appropriate legislation. The heritage of railroad cars is priceless and has a social value in terms of regional icons, historic marks, and the record of life. It is considered that in this situation, the standard of amending both policy and the Cultural Properties Protection Law for the heritage of railroad cars should be urgently established.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2019

In the late 1980s, a financial crisis and Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) in green space services brought with it a profound impact on the quality of parks in the UK. Such government projects, e.g. Urban Task Force (1999) and Public Parks Assessment (2001), aimed to raise the awareness of the severity of the declining standards of urban parks. Since the late 1990s, the UK governments (The New Labour (1997-2010) and The Conservative Government (2010-2019)), have often adopted community-led governance schemes to enhance the quality of parks and address problems derived from the financial crisis. Accordingly, community groups, notably 'Friends of', enlarged their involvement in the decision-making process of park management. However, there is little empirical evidence concerning the impact of community-led governance on park management, in particular, the effect on the users' perceptions of park use. This study explored the context of community-led park management to reclassify the level of build-up of governance underlined by 'A Ladder of Citizen Participation'. In addition, questionnaire surveys were conducted around two Sheffield district parks, which are located in deprived areas. As a result, community involvement in the status quo of UK urban park management has changed its form of governance based on the extent of involvement in the decision-making process. The forms of governance could be categorised in three levels: general, active, and predominant governance, where the extents of decision-making and sharing responsibility vary. The results obtained through the questionnaires show that one park (active governance), which has a stronger tendency of sharing responsibility to get involved in park management, had better contribution to park management and positive impacts on users' satisfaction than the other park (general governance). The findings highlight that stronger governance in partnerships with the non-public sectors can shed light on current and future park management through a shift in sharing responsibility for park management.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.153-190
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• 2006

Externally, business environment in public institution has being changed as government business reference model(BRM) appeared and business management systems for transparency of a policy decision process are introduced. After Records Automation System started its operation, dissatisfaction grows because of inadequacy in system function and the problems about authenticity of electronic records. With these backgrounds, National Archives and Records Service had carried out 'Information Strategy Planning for Reform to Records Management System' for 5 months from September, 2005. As result, this project reengineers current records management processes and presents the world-class system model. After Records and Archives Management Act was made, the records management in public institution has propelled the concept that paper records are handled by means of the electric data management. In this reformed model, however, we concentrates on the electric records, which have gradually replaced the paper records and investigate on the management methodology considering attributes of electric records. According to this new paradigm, the electric records management raises a new issue in the records management territory. As the major contents of the models connecting with electric records management were analyzed and their significance and bounds were closely reviewed, the aim of this paper is the understanding of the future bearings of the management system. Before the analysis of the reformed models, issues in new business environments and their records management were reviewed. The government's BRM and Business management system prepared the general basis that can manage government's whole results on the online and classify them according to its function. In this points, the model is innovative. However considering the records management, problems such as division into Records Classification, definitions and capturing methods of records management objects, limitations of Records Automation System and so on was identified. For solving these problems, the reformed models that has a records classification system based on the business classification, extended electronic records filing system, added functions for strengthening electric records management and so on was proposed. As regards dramatically improving the role of records center in public institution, searching for the basic management methodology of the records management object from various agency and introducing the detail design to keep documents' authenticity, this model forms the basis of the electric records management system. In spite of these innovations, however, the proposed system for real electric records management era is still in its beginning. In near feature, when the studies is concentrated upon the progress of qualified classifications, records capturing plans for foreign records structures such like administration information system, the further study of the previous preservation technology, the developed prospective of electric records management system will be very bright.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.20
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• pp.151-212
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• 2009

Museums are producing new value and being redefined as places that reproduce context, as the process of globalization are being reflected in museum activities. The new additional functions and roles to the traditional mission of museums allow artworks to find potential functions of art archive and meseum. At the same time, the public has faced originality and aura of an artwork by viewing the physical subject. However, with the appearance of a new digital object, the initiative of viewing has moved over from the artwork to the hands of the public. Now, the public does not go to the museum to see an artwork, but has started to adopt to an opposite paradigm of bringing the artwork forward to the screen. Therefore, they are not satisfied any longer with just seeing an artwork, but demand more information about the artworks and reproduce it as knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to find types and characteristics through definition and range selection of art archive at this point where the value of art archive is enhanced and systematic management is required, and to present record management methods according to art archive structure and core execution function. It especially stressed that the basis of overall art archive definition was in an 'approach' paradigm rather than a 'preservation' paradigm, and embodied various application methods of digitalized art records. The digital object of an artwork was recognized as the first materialization of an actual artwork, and the digital original of an artwork was presented as the core record. Art archive managed under physical and intellectual control were organically restructured focusing on digital original copies of artworks, which are the core record in a digital technology environment, and could be provided to users in forms of various services that meet their demands. The beginning of systematic management of such art records will become a first step to enhance historical value, establish art cultural identity, and truly possess art culture.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the rate of unmet healthcare needs for elderly over the age of 65 years, as well as analyze the relevance between employment status and unmet healthcare needs due to financial reasons. With regard to the study method, a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between employment status and unmet healthcare needs due to financial reasons, targeting 5,528 subjects over the age of 65 years. The results showed that the rate of unmet healthcare needs was 18.9%, in which the rate of unmet healthcare needs due to financial reason was 8.1%. The rate of unmet health needs was higher for temporary workers(ORs=1.75) than for retirement workers. However, the rate of unmet healthcare needs caused by financial reasons was higher among day workers(ORs=1.92). In conclusion, in order to prevent unmet healthcare needs for senior Korean patients, it is necessary to not only improve the income security system for the elderly, but also improve the occupational form and level of income of these economically active citizens, considering the increase in average life expectancy. Moreover, it is also necessary to reinforce health insurance coverage systems for settling medical expenses.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.673-691
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• 2016

As the provision of long-term care policy takes root and with a gradual increase in elderly population, the use of elderly care service has become a growing norm. More than ever, there exists an urgent need for a paradigm shift in the building of an institutional basis for the improvement of care service, from the prevalent practice of 'need based service' toward the concept of 'human rights based service'. A great focus is being shed on care-workers, at the 'front line' of advocating human rights, as their human rights advocacy behaviour is seen as a key variable in providing high quality care service for elders. This study aims to examine how care-workers' individual human rights awareness levels, and the influence of their respective organizations, as an environmental factor, affect their human rights advocacy behaviour. The study includes a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between the regulatory effect of environmental factors (service orientation?) on an organizational level, human rights awareness (individual level) and the service environment (organizational). The analysis sample consisted of 782 registered non-profit corporation of long-term care facilities all over the country in 2014. The findings of the thesis suggest that human rights awareness at individual levels has a significant influence on human rights advocacy behavior. The interaction of human resources management in service orientations was also found to influence human rights advocacy on a significant level. Both human rights awareness at individual level and service orientations at organizational level were thus determined as key variables for improving the human rights awareness of care worker in long-term care facilities in Korea.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2011

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has identified the causes of climate change and come up with measures to address it at the global level. Its key component of the work involves developing and assessing future climate change scenarios. The IPCC Expert Meeting in September 2007 identified a new greenhouse gas concentration scenario "Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)" and established the framework and development schedules for Climate Modeling (CM), Integrated Assessment Modeling(IAM), Impact Adaptation Vulnerability(IAV) community for the fifth IPCC Assessment Reports while 130 researchers and users took part in. The CM community at the IPCC Expert Meeting in September 2008, agreed on a new set of coordinated climate model experiments, the phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5), which consists of more than 30 standardized experiment protocols for the shortterm and long-term time scales, in order to enhance understanding on climate change for the IPCC AR5 and to develop climate change scenarios and to address major issues raised at the IPCC AR4. Since early 2009, fourteen countries including the Korea have been carrying out CMIP5-related projects. Withe increasing interest on climate change, in 2009 the COdinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment(CORDEX) has been launched to generate regional and local level information on climate change. The National Institute of Meteorological Research(NIMR) under the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has contributed to the IPCC AR4 by developing climate change scenarios based on IPCC SRES using ECHO-G and embarked on crafting national scenarios for climate change as well as RCP-based global ones by engaging in international projects such as CMIP5 and CORDEX. NIMR/KMA will make a contribution to drawing the IPCC AR5 and will develop national climate change scenarios reflecting geographical factors, local climate characteristics and user needs and provide them to national IAV and IAM communites to assess future regional climate impacts and take action.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-137
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• 2019

In young entrepreneurs, the individual situation of opportunity discovery is very important. It is very important that the opportunities that are created for a particular individual entrepreneur are also recognized and assessed through the process. The need for the development of entrepreneurial opportunity competencies, which have a low proportion of opportunistic entrepreneurship, is low in the entrepreneurship education. In particular, young entrepreneurs are in desperate need of opportunistic entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurship motivation on entrepreneurial opportunity competence, using entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship orientation as mediation variables for preliminary young entrepreneurs (19-39 old). In the case of young entrepreneurs, there is a tendency to study entrepreneurship policies and education through the system of youth entrepreneurship schools, mainly on college students and youths, and on the effects of institutional support on entrepreneurship. There is little research on the effect of a entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial opportunity competence needed to promote an entrepreneurial venture in a model with multiple mediators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of start - up motivation on the entrepreneurial opportunity competence. To do this we analyzed 374 questionnaires collected from preliminary young entrepreneurs in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. The results of the analysis using SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.0 showed that the motivation of start - up had a significant effect on both opportunity recognition and opportunity evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunity competence. Second, motivation of entrepreneurs has a significant effect on entrepreneurial efficacy. Third, entrepreneurial efficacy has a significant effect on entrepreneurial orientation. Fourth, entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on entrepreneurial opportunity competence. Fifth, there is a significant indirect effect between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition when passing through entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation at the same time, But indirect effects was insignificant when only entrepreneurship efficacy is passed. There is a significant indirect effect on all mediators between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial opportunity valuation. It is suggested that strengthening education on entrepreneurship is necessary to cultivate awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities and strengthening education on both entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurship is necessary to cultivate evaluation of entrepreneurship opportunities by type of entrepreneurial motivation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.260-279
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• 2010

The analysis on bibliography and field investigation of Callipogon relictus Semenov, 1898 (Korean natural monument number 218) shows that the size varies from country to country, and Korean specimens, for which male is 85~120mm and female is 65~85mm, are found to be the largest. The average diameter and length of egg are 2.60mm and 6.72mm respectively. The larva has milky color and is about 100~150mm in length. The pupa is nearly 70~110mm. An adult generally appears from June to September in Korea in the broadleaf forest of lowland, whereas it appears from June to July in China. It is known that the pupa largely feed on the old tree trunk of Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) blume in Korea, but no such data have been reported in China and Russia, showing differences in host plants. While the larva period is not exactly known in Korea, it is reported to be two years in China. It appears that the species inhabits in very limited regions of approximately between geographical latitude $37.5^{\circ}{\sim}47.8^{\circ}$ and longitude $126^{\circ}{\sim}140^{\circ}$ including Korea, China and Russia. To conserve the long-horned beetle in Korea, this research drew out following some conclusions through analyzing the references and field survey data. First, it need to perform precise survey on the natural environment of occurring and collected area or place including host plant kinds, temperate, humidity, latitude, longitude etc. Second, habitat region must be designated as a restricted development area, and it need to exclude or reduce the damage factors to prosper reproduction of the species. Third, it is necessary to keep loosing cautiously artificial breeding individuals in the reported sites, not disturbing scope of natural populations. Fourth, it needs to educate or publicize many people importance and value of this species through many methods.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

This study analyze the factors affecting the number of bidders in public contracts by collecting contract data such as purchase of goods, service and facility construction through KONEPS among various forms of public contracts. The reason why the number of bidders is important in public contracts is that it can be a minimum criterion for judging whether to enter into a rational contract through fair competition and is closely related to the budget reduction of the ordering organization or the profitability of the bidders. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that determine the participation of bidders in public contracts and to present the problems and policy implications of bidders' participation in public contracts. This research distinguishes the existing sampling based research by analyzing and analyzing many contracts such as purchasing, service and facility construction of 4.35 million items in which 50,000 public institutions have been placed as national markets and 300,000 individual companies and corporations participated. As a research model, the number of announcement days, budget amount, contract method and winning bid is used as independent variables and the number of bidders is used as a dependent variable. Big data and multidimensional analysis techniques are used for survey analysis. The conclusions are as follows: First, the larger the budget amount of public works projects, the smaller the number of participants. Second, in the contract method, restricted competition has more participants than general competition. Third, the duration of bidding notice did not significantly affect the number of bidders. Fourth, in the winning bid method, the qualification examination bidding system has more bidders than the lowest bidding system.