• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Approximate string matching problems have been studied in diverse fields. Recently, fast approximate string matching algorithms are being used to reduce the time and costs for the next generation sequencing. To measure the amounts of errors between two strings, we use a distance function such as the edit distance. Given two strings X(|X| = m) and Y(|Y| = n) over an alphabet ${\Sigma}$, the edit distance between X and Y is the minimum number of edit operations to convert X into Y. The edit distance between X and Y can be computed using the well-known dynamic programming technique in O(mn) time and space. The edit distance also can be computed using the Four-Russians' algorithm whose preprocessing step runs in $O((3{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid})^{2t}t^2)$ time and $O((3{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid})^{2t}t)$ space and the computation step runs in O(mn/t) time and O(mn) space where t represents the size of the block. In this paper, we present a parallelized version of the computation step of the Four-Russians' algorithm. Our algorithm computes the edit distance between X and Y in O(m+n) time using m/t threads. Then we implemented both the sequential version and our parallelized version of the Four-Russians' algorithm using CUDA to compare the execution times. When t = 1 and t = 2, our algorithm runs about 10 times and 3 times faster than the sequential algorithm, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

Background: Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-$PGE_1$) has vasodilating and platelet aggregation inhibitory characteristics and it has been used as a treatment for patients with blood flow dysfunction disease. Based on the mechanisms of lumbar spinal stenosis, including veno congestion, neuro-ischemia and mechanical compression, we aimed to study whether intravenous Lipo-$PGE_1$ injection has any therapeutic effect on hyperalgesia in a rat foraminal stenosis model. Methods: In this study, twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control (n = 10) and Lipo-$PGE_1$ (n = 10) groups. A small stainless steel rod was inserted into the L5-6 intervertebral foramen to induce intervertebral foramen stenosis and chronic DRG compression. In the Lipo-$PGE_1$ group, $0.15{\mu}g/kg$ of Lipo-$PGE_1$ were injected intravenously via a tail vein for 10 days starting from the $3^{rd}$ day after operation. Behavioral testing for mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia was performed for 3 weeks after the injections. Results: From the $10^{th}$ day after Lipo-$PGE_1$ injection, the rats in the experimental group showed significant recovery of their mechanical threshold, and this effect was maintained for 3 weeks. No significant differences of the thermal hyperalgesia were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that intravenously injected Lipo-$PGE_1$ may be effective for alleviating neuropathic pain, which isthe main symptom of spinal stenosis, by improving the blood flow dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-52
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• 2009

Demographic change is the best indicator to be able to show the rural change exactly and thus becomes the factor to be considered by all means in the setting-up process of the rural development policy. First of all, this paper is concerned with the two main themes, depopulation and aging process of Goryeong-gun(county), after a brief consideration of the demographic trends in rural areas of Korea. And then it will analyze the population structures of 8 administrative districts of Goryeong-gun(1 Eub, 7 Myeons) to reveal the areal differentiation of rural demographic change. Like other rural areas in Korea, Goryeong-gun experienced a sharp depopulation and aging during last several decades, and it represents typical rural backward areas in Korea. But within the same county, the process of population change differs from district to district. On the basis of several demographic indicators, 8 administrative districts(Eub and Myeons) in Goryeong-gun can be classified into 4 types of population change, namely 'type with stagnant population' like Goryeong-eub, 'type with increasing population' like Dasan-myeon, 'type with decreasing population' like Seongsan-myeon Gaejin-myeon Sangrim-myeon, 'type with rapidly decreasing population' like Deokgok-myeon Unsu-myeon Ugok-myeon. It highlights the need to develop differentiated rural policies according to relevant regional conditions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Orb-web spiders can be considered as an effective bio-indicative animal to monitor the ecological air pollution of certain habitat since they have limited shifting ability during their life spans. In this study we revealed the fine structural characteristics of booklung in the orb-web spider Nephila clavata, and its bio-indicative significance in the monitoring environmental asbestos exposure. The high resolution scanning electron microscopy results suggest that the cuticular spikes near the atrium could be act as an effective filtering structure for dust materials. Furthermore, inner cuticular spikes which protruded across the air sacs, have the functions not only sustaining appropriate respiratory volume of each air sac but also help to enhance respiratory capacity by maximizing the gross surface area for gas exchange. Interestingly, in spite of short exposure, the asbestose fibrils were effectively captured on the surface of the atrial cuticular spikes. Furthermore, histologic damages were observed due to penetration of asbestos fibrils through air sacs and fixed on the hemolymph space. In addition, although accumulated mass of hemocytes were observed near the fibrils, there were no asbestos bodies or coagulated hemocytes were found on the surface of the fibrils, This could be mainly due to the short exposure period towards asbestos. Briefly, these results indicate the spider's booklung could be valuable tool in the detection ecological air pollutants.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2011

The investigation of 218 residual pesticides for 19 types of tea (persimmon leaf tea, chrysanthemum tea, green tea, lavender tea, rosemary tea, dandelion leaf tea, puer tea, mulberry leaf tea, hydrangea leaf tea, jasmine tea, nuomixiang tea, buckwheat tea, mugwort tea, lotus leaf tea, oolong tea, longjing tea, rose tea, tiehkwanyin tea and huoguo tea) obtained from markets in Ansan and Suwon was carried out to assess the risk for residual pesticides in tea. The detection rate was 23.1 % (19 samples of total 65 tea samples) and the detected pesticides were 15 pesticides, such as bifenthrin, bromopropylate, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, endosulfan, fenpropathrin, fludioxonil, fenvalerate, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, tetradifon and triazophos. The range of concentrations for the detected residual pesticides was 0.01 to 1.24 mg/kg which showed below their maximum residue limits (MRL), but the residual concentration of bifenthrin in a puer tea showed above the legal limit of 0.3 mg/kg. The result of risk assessment of residual pesticides for the detected 15 samples showed that EDI (estimated daily intake) of the pesticides detected ranged 0.0001~0.0844% of their ADI (acceptable daily intake).

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 1993

In order to obtain the basic information for the optimal settlement planning in the reclaimed area, various existing settlement conditions on reclaimed farming village were analysed through a case study of in-and-round farming villages in Deuk Ryang Reclaimed Area. By comparison study between in-and-around villages, the allocation policy of farming settlement in the samll and medium scale area was proposed. The results obtained in this study were as follows ; 1.The population structure of the inner village(Ansim village) had become worse than the around village during 1976~1981 period from the viewpoint of total and female emigration ratios. Especially, the originally unbalanced sex ratio of Ansim village had worsen to the unacceptable ratio of 1.5 : 1(male : female). Therefore, the structural stability of the population should be carefully improved in the newly reclaimed farming villages by the systematic long-term controlling machanism.2.The farming status of Ansim village was much lower than the around villages viewing of the cultivated acreage and agricultural machinery stock Therefore, the continuous and intensive governmental support different from the existing farming area should be required for the settling of reclaimed farming. 3. The regularity of the village site as a planned village, though pursed in the first phase of village construction, had been severely disturbed inflowing of squatters. Recently, there are increasing vaccant houses in the village, and the level of living amenities and personal mobility of Ansim village are much lower than the around village. So, now, the physical structure of the village should be improved to the level of village reconstruction or new village construction. 4. The cultivated area of Ansim village leans to the south side which would be unfavoured by the farmers of the around villages, while its distributing pattern should be concentric around the village site. This phenomenon disturbs the central fuction of the planned farming village. In this respect, role assignment, relationship and balance of competence in farming activities should be planned between in-and-around villages in the reclaimed area from the initial stage. 5. Putting together the above results in this study, the farming and living conditions of Ansim village threaten its existence as a planned new farming village in the reclaimed area. And, so, the full scale reconstruction of village structure, including moving to the new site, should be designed as soon as possible. Although further many studies should be carried out, it would be sure that the new village planning should be reconsidered in the small and-medium scale reclamation works.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2015

Endurance time is very important indicator to estimate muscle fatigue. In the case of measuring endurance time directly, it is dangerous for subject to perform a test until the point of failure to main time force. Therefore, this paper presents the model to estimate endirance time using indirect measurements such as personal factors and anthropometrical data. Previous studies had shown that personal factors such as gender and age were not related to endurance time, but recently studies have shown that it is estimated by using independent variable or predictor such as GTA (Gravitational Torque of the horizontal, stretched arm) and MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction). The present study investigated variables to estimate endurance time using personal factors and anthrometrical data during isotonic contractions. Twenty five healthy subject volunteered for this study, and performed three test sessions of isotonic contraction exercises at 10~50% respectively. Afterward the correlation coefficient and p-values were compared among regression models using personal factors and anthropometrical data. The results demonstrated that multi-regression model had significant coefficient of correlation, and was useful estimate endurance time.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2017

National Meteorological Satellite Center(NMSC) has produced Sea Surface Temperature (SST) using Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite(COMS) data since April 2011. In this study, we have developed a new regional COMS SST algorithm optimized within the North-West Pacific Ocean area based on the Multi-Channel SST(MCSST) method and made a composite SST using polar orbit satellites as well as the COMS data. In order to retrieve the optimized SST at Northwest Pacific, we carried out a colocation process of COMS and in-situ buoy data to make coefficients of the MCSST algorithm through the new cloud masking including contaminant pixels and quality control processes of buoy data. And then, we have estimated the composite SST through the optimal interpolation method developed by National Institute of Meteorological Science(NIMS). We used four satellites SST data including COMS, NOAA-18/19(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-18/19), and GCOM-W1(Global Change Observation Mission-Water 1). As a result, the root mean square error ofthe composite SST for the period of July 2012 to June 2013 was $0.95^{\circ}C$ in comparison with in-situ buoy data.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.279-300
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• 2011

Countries recognize seriousness and concern about aviation terrorism, try to stamp out of it but aviation terrorism has been increasing in the world. Airport security is completely up to the result of security screening for passengers, check-in baggages and cargo at the check point. To complete effectively human and physical screening at the airport, it is essential to secure modernized screening equipment and specialized security screener, and airport security supervisor to supervising them. In this study, A survey conducted to find out the effect on screening equipment operating factors of airport security supervisor's individual attitude. The results of the study are as follow First, the duty view of airport security supervisor meaningfully affect expertise of screening equipment operating factors, satisfaction, reliability, and education and training, national point of view meaningfullly doesn't affect screening equipment operating factors. Second, the working condition effects on the education and training, if the working condition is getting better, intent to change occupation is getting lower. Third, duty stress meaningfully effects on the intent to change occupation, now airport security supervisor works in poor condition. Therefore, airport security supervisor needs to be prude of protecting the airport from the terrorism and various attacks and various kinds of aviation security regulations and procedures and comply with operating standards and keep the life of the country and its people, and needs to change awareness. And It is nessasary for government or airport authority or airline to prepare countermeasure for the improvement of their labor conditions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 1999

배경: 다한증의 치료에 있어서 흉강경을 이용한 교감신경절제술의 시술 빈도가 급증하고 있다. 그러나 액와부 다한증의 경우 수장부나 안면 두부다한증에 비하여 절제범위가 광범위하여 이에 따른 보상성 다한증 및 기타 합병증의 발생의 높고 액취증이 동반되어있는 경우 장기적인 만족도가 낮아서 크게 각광 받지 못해왔다. 대상 및 방법: 본 교실에서는 1997년 3월부터 1999년 4월까지 45례의 액와부 다한증 환자에서 2 mm 흉강내시경을 이용하여 흉부교감신경절제술 또는 잘단술을 시행하였다. 남자 28례 여자 17례로 평균연령은 28(13-46세) 였고 평균추적기간은 10개월(1-24)이었다. 24례가 액와부에만 국한된 과도발한을 호소 하였고 2례에서 수술 전 심한 액취증이 동반되어있었다. 21례의 T3,4 교감신경절제술, 20례의 T2,4 교감신경단술 그리고 4례의 T4 교감신경절제수을 시행하여 즉각적인 증상치유효과 보상성 다한증 및 장기적 만족도를 비교 분석하였다. 중등도 이상의 흉막유착으로 5mm 내시경이 필요했던 2례을 제외한 전 환자에서 2mm 트로카 2개를 사용하여 수술을 하였다 결과: 평균수술시간은 T3,4 교감신경절제술이 46.2$\pm$11분 T2, 4 교감신경절단술이 32.5$\pm$23분 T4 교감신경절제술이 53.8$\pm$18분이 소요되었고 수술직후의 효과는 T3,4 교감신경절제술과 T2,4 교감신경절단술에서 '전혀땀이 나지 않는다'가 17례(81%) 와 12례(60%) '수술전보다 감소했으나 약간땀이 난다'가 4례(19%) 와 8례(40%) 로 모든 환자에서 효과가 있었으나 T4 교감신경절제술은 4례중3례(75%)에서 전혀 효과가 없었다. 보상성 다한증은 T3,4교감신경절제술과 T2,4 교감신경절단술에서 각각 67%, 60%로 나타났고 생활에 불편을 줄 정도의 심한경우는 10% 5%에 불과했으며 장기적인 만족도는 T3,4 교감신경절제술이 86% T2,4 교감신경절단술이 89%로 나타나 높은 성공률을 보았다 결론 : 액와부다한증의 치료에 있어서 T3,4 교감신경절제술과 T2,4교감신경절단술은 증상치유효과가 높고 절제범위의 제한에 따른 보상성 다한증의 감소로 장기적 만족도가 우수한 효과적인 방법이다. 액취증이 동반된 경우 이에대한 충분한사전 설명과 원인 감별후 적절한 보조요법을 병행함으로써 환자의 만족도를 높힐수 있다고 본다.