• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.173-190
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• 2021

Education for Sustainable Development is an imperative mean to achieve the sustainable development which is the key idea that meets the needs of both present and succeeding generations by reconciling environmental protection, social development and economic growth. This study addressed the following question. First, what is the overall structure of the ESD contents presented in the textbooks? Second, How are the sub-contents of ESD distributed in the textbooks? Lastly, How are the ESD contents connected to mathematics in the textbooks? For this purpose, the contents in the elemtentary mathematics textbooks from 1^st to 6^th grades were analyzed at both macro and micro levels through quantitative and qualitative research methods. As results, contents related to environmental, social, and economic dimensions were presented from the first grade. The contents were involved the mathematics content domains of Numbers and Operations, Data and Possibilities, and Patterns. However, the contents were presented intensively in middle and high grades, and environmental topics accounted for a high proportion. Among the activities related to ESD, many were focused on solving problems mathematically while some were presented to solve problems as well as to consider sustainability through the activities. Based on the results, the study aims to provide implications for the direction of mathematics education for sustainable development in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 2011

In this study I examined the status of the borrowed scenery of Soshaewon and analyzed the structure of Byeolseo Gardenusing "Soshaewon Sisun(瀟灑園詩選)", which consists of a collection of poems written by people who visited Soshaewon during Joseon Dynasty with bibliographical explanations and "the Thirty Poems of Soshaewon", written by Yang, Gyeong Ji who was the fifth generation from Yang, San Bo. This study expanded the concept of borrowed scenery to include visual, synaesthetic, temporary and ideal features based on the theory of borrowed scenery in "Won Ya(園冶)", which emphasized the time feature and change, and explained that a landscape garden could be perfected by the presence of borrowed scenery beyond the previous borrowed landscape which was recognized through visual value. It would be correct to understand that the visitors to Soshaewon accomplished imaginary scenery(意境) through recreating Soshaewon into a space that stimulated poetic sentiment and aesthetic sensitivity by creating four types of borrowed scenery of a landscape garden composed of both real and fictitious scenery. At present the scope of Soshaewon tends to be limited to its inner garden covering the stream garden. However, in this study I took a new approach in defining the scope of Soshaewon, providing three types of Byeolseo Garden area ; more specifically, the expanded scope of Soshaewon covers the outer garden that secured the outlook of visual, temporary and synaesthetic objects for borrowed scenery and the right to use by purchasing more area by the descendants and the ideological garden that was composed of the ideal borrowed scenery created by the Confucian friends and colleagues who praised the Jeungamcheon Stream area and various famous mountains longing for the immortal world.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2021

This study intended to identify causes of poor tree vigor in the Hanbando coastal forest by investigating its geographical environment, climate condition, soil physicochemical characteristics, and growth condition of Pinus thunbergii. It divided the forest into an area with poor tree vigor or dead standing trees and a control area with good tree vigor and examined them separately. The survey showed that stand density was significantly higher in the area with poor tree vigor. In contrast, the crown width in the area with good tree vigor was wider. The number of dead standing trees and the stand density showed a negative correlation. The stand density and diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, crown height, and crown width also showed a negative correlation. The result indicated that, as the tree's stand density increases, the crowns of individual trees overlapped and the lower branches died. Then crown height and crown width decreased, and the number of leaves and photosynthesis was reduced, leading to lower tree height and weaker growth of breast diameter. As a result, tree vigor weakened, and combined with environmental pressures from the lack of moisture and nutrients in coastal soil and salty wind, P. thunbergii in coastal areas is expected to die massively. Although the causes of dead standing trees and poor tree vigor of P. thunbergii in the Hanbando coastal forest are complicated, poor management of adequate tree density in response to the growth of P. thunbergii is the primary cause. The secondary cause is external environmental pressures, including unfavorable soil conditions and salty and strong wind that obstruct the growth of P. thunbergii.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.353-379
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• 2020

The 2032 South-North Joint Olympics is an agreement between the two Koreas. Through this, various efforts are needed to improve new inter-Korean relations and co-prosperity on the Korean Peninsula. The purpose of this study is to proceed with the 203 South-North Joint Olympics. This study was developed by literature reserch methods. The result of this study are as follows. First, Seoul-Pyongyang soccer exchange game will be promoted. Second, the International Peace Cup a relay race(Marathon) will be held. Third, Korea Peace Cup International Table Tennis Championships will be held. Fourth, I propose holding the Korea Sports Science Forum. Fifth, about 16-17 events are propose for North Korea to host the 2032 South-North Joint Olympics. Sixth, the decision to host the 2032 Summer Olympics is expected in 2022 or 2023. Seventh, it is necessary to promote the Inter-Korean Social Association cultural Exchange and Cooperation Committee or the Special Committee for the Promotion of the Inter-Korea Sports Exchange and Cooperation. Eighth, it is necessary to implement a five-year plan to promote Inter-Korea sports Exchange Cooperation or a five-year plan for Inter-Korea sports Exchange and Cooperation. Ninth, the North Korea player registration system will be promote to the South Korean K-1 League. Ten, suggest sports exchange and cooperation ahead of time. Eleventh, train experts on North Korean sports or exchange and cooperation. Finally, the South-North Korea sports exchange Agreement will be promoted. It also promotes the Inter-Korea sports Exchange and Cooperation Support Act.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.95-106
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• 2023

Korean healing research has developed over the past 20 years along with the growing social interest in healing. The field of healing research is diverse and includes legislated natural-based healing. In this study, abstracts of 2,202 academic journals, master's, and doctoral dissertations published in KCI and RISS were collected and analyzed. As for the research method, LDA topic modeling used to classify research topics, and time-series publication trends were examined. As a result of the study, it identified that the topic of Korean healing research was connected with 5 types and 4 mediators. The five were "Healing Tourism," "Mind and Art Healing," "Forest Therapy," "Healing Space," and "Youth Restoration and Healing," and the four mediators were "Forest," "Nature," "Culture", and "Education". In addition, only legalized healing studies extracted from Korean healing research and the topics were analyzed. As a result, legalized healing research classified into four. The four types were "Healing Spatial Environment Plan", "Healing Therapy Experiment", "Agricultural Education Experiential Healing", and "Healing Tourism Factor". Forest Therapy, which has the largest amount of research in legalized healing, Agro Healing and Garden Healing which operate similar programs through plants, and Marine Healing using marine resources also analyzed. As a result, topics that show the unique characteristics of individual healing studies and topics that are considered universal in all healing studies derived. This study is significant in that it identified the overall trend of research on Korean healing facilities and programs by utilizing LDA topic modeling.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.318-326
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• 2023

The floristic target species (FTS) has been widely used as a important tool for environmental assessment in Korea. Here the floristic district is a key criterion for the selection and evaluation of FTS. The aim of this study is to clarify the intellectual meaning of the floristic district i.e. a sort of phytogeographical subunit. We reviewed 7 main literatures related to the floristic district. Nakai's 1919 Ulleungdo flora survey report was first to mention a region and/or province in terms of general geographical divisions. In 1977, the floristic district map of the Korea vascular plants was first described by Oh. In 1978, Lee & Yim proposed a new floristic district map dividing the central and southern regions, and the district boundaries have been adjusted by many other researchers. In the end, the floristic district map modified slightly from Lee & Yim's map was nationally recognized in 2018. However, the boundaries of floristic districts were inconsistent, both in their setting and adjustment, as well as the indicator species of the district. No basis for this inconsistency could be confirmed. We concluded that all district maps depend on arbitrary lines drawn a priori, and finally proposed the following two ecological strategies to ensure the effectiveness and practicality of the FTS as a scientific means for environmental impact assessment and national flora evaluation: (i) designing to achieve the flora list and the floristic district based on nativeness of plant distribution, (ii) constructing a habitat-based floral monitoring system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2014

This study focuses on the landscape of Daegodae(大孤臺), a prominent rock placed at the side of Namgae Stream in Hamyang, and the person who enjoy the landscape. Through the analysis of the letters such as names carved on the rocks based on ancient poetry and stone walls, the study examines the characteristics of the landscape and the space of Daegodae and the phase of hegemony to enjoy the landscape and space. The result of this study is as follow.2) There are 5 Seowon(書院: lecture halls) nearby Daegodae identified in the ancient map has 5 auditoriums nearby, and three-dimensional volume and eccentricity of the Daegodae is impressive. Daegodae, named by Noh Jin(1518~1578) in 16th century, was used in a variety of ways, including viewing, game, recreation, and meeting, by the staff of the lecture halls including Namgae Seowon(南溪書院), as a result of analyzing the ancient document Go-dae-il-Loc(孤臺日錄) written by Jung Kyung-Woon(鄭慶雲: 1556~?). The structure of Daegodae is that there is Chunggeunchung(淸近亭) on the rock face of the top and Sanangjae(山仰齋) to the west around the memorial stone for Yang Hee(梁喜: 1515~1581). The upper part of the foundation of Daegodae with 11m high and $10m^2$ wide to the east and west was widely used for lecturing and poetry reading. To the north and west of the foundation were the writing of Kim Jeong-Hee(金正喜: 1786~1856) with the words 'Seoksong Chusa(石松 秋史)' carved on the rock and the remains of a dead tree that is presumed to have been called as 'Seoksong'. They are the landscapes that further enhance the history and authenticity of this place. The two kinds of letters carved on the rock 'Daegodae Gaeeunseo(大高臺 介隱書)' and 'Mukheon JungGeunSang(鄭近相: 1893~1934)' were recorded each by Jung Jae-Gi(1811~1879) and his grandson Jung Geun-Sang, which are, as the outcome of exclusive space possession and space hegemony, the signatures indicating that they were the persons who enjoyed this place during the late Joseon and Japanese colonial era. In other words, Daegodae had some implied meaning of preoccupancy of the place as Gujolyangseonsengjangguso since the middle of Joseon, and the place was passed down as a buddhism lecturing and memorial venue called "Dungbukganghoiso Cheonryungjaeseonhyunjangguso" after going through the space hegemony of Jung Jae-Gi and Jung Geun-Sang during the late Joseon and Japanese colonial era each, Nevertheless, a number of letters carved on the rock identified also imply that 'Hadong Jung(河東鄭氏)' and 'Pungcheon Noh(豊川盧氏)' were those who enjoyed the landscape of Daegodae and the center of the space hegemony. The "letters carved on the rock of Daegudae" is another case of cultural landscape and traditional gardening space that serves as the representation of the will of enjoying the landscape in this place and the history of space hegemony.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.82-94
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• 2014

This study aims to comprehend that Gwanghalluwon for aspects of landscape change in terms of construction garden(樓園). Transformation focused on the spatial structure is divided into four periods based on literature. And reflect of landscape elements in defunct or unattributable records from tale and novel. The results were as follows. First, The beginning of Gwanghanllu pavilion(廣寒樓) was the composition of the Gwangtongnu Pavilion(廣通樓). The pavilion is located amid beautiful scenery such as the close-range view of a small stream, and distant view Jiri Mountain. Analysis of literature shows that Gwanghallu pavilion was in succession to Gwangtongnu Pavilion's landscape. Secondly, Gwanghallu(廣寒樓) pavilion represents the characteristic of the garden since 1582. Built the Samsinsan(三神山), Construct Lake and bridge that represents the galaxy for realization of utopia reflect in Taoist ideology. Thirdly, Gwanghalluwon garden was recovered when from Jeong-yu-jae-ran(丁酉再亂) to the Japanese Ruling Era. It took Gwanghalluwon garden a long while to recover from original form. According to records, Gwanghalluwon garden is still being likened to the landscape of fairyland by inheriting landscape in the previous of Jeong-yu-jae-ran(丁酉再亂). Fourth, By the modern times, Gwanghalluwon Garden has personality of tourist attractions. Until now, the area of the Gwanghalluwon garden has been expended during the processes of three times. Fifth, Aspect of landscape change of Gwanghalluwon is wide-spreading mainly Gwanghallu pavilion. But elements of external expansion in garden by introduced into the facility irrelevant to the authenticity of the garden. Sixth, Comprehension the cultural landscape of the garden are limited by deficient records. But, the main elements in the Gwanghalluwon garden are commonly appeared on imaginary environment within a tale and a novel. In addition, culture of garden at the time was depicted in tale and novel. In this sense, cultural landscape in garden was able to estimate through imaginary environment within novel.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.124-141
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• 2019

This research explored the relationship between the water quality issue of Wolji Pond (Anapji Pond) with the maintenance of the channel flow circulation system. The water supply and drainage system closely related to the circulation system of pond has been reviewed, rather than the existing water supply and drainage system that has been analyzed in previous studies. As a result of reviewing the water supply system, it has been learned that the water supply system on the southeastern shore of Wolji Pond, being the current water supply hole, has been connected to the east side garden facility (landscaping stone, curved waterway, storage facility of water) between the north and south fence and the waterway. This separate facility group seems to have been a subject of the investigation of the eastern side of Wolji Pond, with the landscaping stones having been identified in the 1920's survey drawings. The water supply facility on the southeastern shore, being the suspected water supply hole, seems to have some connection with the granite waterway remaining on the building site of Imhaejeon (臨海殿) on the southern side of Wolji Pond. It is inferred that it provides clean water, seeing that the slope towards the southwestern shore of Wolji Pond becomes lower, the landscaping stones have been placed in the filter area, and it is present in the 1920's survey drawings and the water supply hole survey drawing of 1975. The water drainage facility on the northern shore is composed of five stages. The functions of the wooden waterway and the rectangular stone water catchment facility seem not to be only for the water drainage of Wolji Pond. In light of the points that there are wood plugs in the wooden waterway and that there is a water catchment facility in the final stage, it is judged that the water of Balcheon Stream (撥川) may be charged in reverse according to this setup. Namely, the water could enter and exit in either direction in the water drainage facility on the northern shore It also seems that the supply to the wooden waterway could be opened and shut through the water catchment facility of rectangular stone group as well. The water drainage facility on the western shore is very similar to the water drainage facility on the northern shore, so it is difficult to avoid the belief that it existed during the Silla Dynasty, or it has been produced by imitating the water drainage facility on the northern shore at some future point in time. It seems to have functioned as the water drainage facility for the supply of agricultural water during the Joseon Dynasty. The water supply and drainage facilities in Wolji Pond have been understood as a systematized distribution network that has been intertwined organically with the facility of Donggung Palace, which was the center of the Silla capital. Water has been supplied to each facility group, including Wolji Pond, through this structure; it includes the drainage system connecting to the Namcheon River (南川) through the Balcheon Stream, which was an important canal of the capital center.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

This study aims to distinguish what can be used in consideration of the national situation with Korea for Chinese Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, and the results are as follows; First, the Chinese Scenic and Historic Interest Areas expanded to the existing scenic cruise culture, travel, and tourism culture in the process of the influx of Western culture in the modern and contemporary era, and became popular as a travel destination. Accordingly, the Chinese government developed the tourism industry around the scenic sites, and thanks to the development of transportation and communication, the Scenic and Historic Interest Areas has become an important national heritage. This influenced the establishment of the system related to Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, and today, it is operated around the Scenic and Historic Interest Areas ordinance. Second, the designation of the Scenic and Historic Interest Areas is divided into the size of the site according to the area, and the process of selecting the Scenic and Historic Interest Areas classification, rating evaluation, and comprehensive value evaluation according to evaluation indicators and rating standards is carried out. Accordingly, according to the results of the classification, it is subdivided from the national level to the Scenic and Historic Interest Areas at the local level. Third, the central government is in charge of managing and supervising Scenic and Historic Interest Areas across the country, and the local government's construction department is in charge of supervising Scenic and Historic Interest Areas in the region. The management organization of Scenic and Historic Interest Areas established by local governments above the county level has a system that actually protects, utilizes, and manages Scenic and Historic Interest Areas. In addition, 14 detailed indicators are used to monitor Scenic and Historic Interest Areas. Based on these results, considering the application of the domestic scenic site policy, the method of developing the policy that has established the system from the perspective of the utilization of the people is worth considering. On the other hand, the evaluation of the designation and management system through the setting of various indicators has limitations in that it is difficult to secure objectivity in impressing or evaluating the landscape. Therefore, rather than blindly introducing quantified evaluation, it seems that guidance and promotion on how to expand consensus on scenic values and enjoy heritage should be prioritized.