• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

This study aims to analyze exterior spatial characteristics of the detached houses in Korea which were designed by professional architects. For this, plans, pictures and data of 113 houses which appeared in architectural publications from July 1998 to June 2002 were collected and analyzed. The results of the study are like this. 1) For the shape of buildings, the number of the non-rectangular shaped buildings is higher than that of the rectangular shaped ones. ; 2) For the location of exterior gardens, the number of the houses with front gardens is higher than that of the houses with back gardens. The exterior gardens are mostly accessed from the living rooms. 3) For the interior gardens, 50% of the surveyed houses have this type of gardens. They are mostly located at the back of the living rooms. The interior gardens are mostly accessed from the living rooms, dining rooms and corridors respectively. 4) For the terraces which are located in the 1st floor, they are mostly accessed from the living rooms. : 5) For the balconies which are located in the 2nd floor, they are mostly accessed from the bedrooms.; 6) For the location of the entrances, they are mostly located in the front side of the buildings and mostly facing south.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 2010

In this paper, acoustic transmission characteristics are theoretically considered on a cylindrical cavity system. The cylindrical cavity system is a simplified model of the acoustic cavity of King Seongdeok Divine Bell and it consists of a main cavity, a gap and an auxiliary cavity, Under a point sound source in the main cavity, acoustic frequency response property is determined and acoustic modes are analysed. The results are compared with those by the boundary element analysis using SYSNOISE. Using the proposed theoretical method, the effect of the auxiliary cavity and the gap on the resonance frequency and sound transmission characteristics is identified. Finally the best combination of the auxiliary cavity and gap is determined for the maximum transmission of the source frequency.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 1993

A numerical model has been used for the prediction of wave agitations in a harbor which are induced by the intrusion and transformation of incident waves. Based on linear wave theory a mild-slope equation has been used. A partial absorbing boundary condition has been used on solid boundary. Functional has been derived following Chen and Mei(l974)'s technique based on Hybrid Element Method which uses finite discretisation in the inner region and analytical solution of Helmholtz equation in the outer region. Final simultaneous equation has been solved using the Gaussian Elimination Method. Helmholtz natural period and second peak period of seiche in Donghae Harbor coincide very well with the results from numerical calculation. Computed amplification factors show good agreement, especially when the reflection coefficient on solid boundary is 0.99, with those of measurements.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.288-297
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• 2012

This study proposes a design model of the variable type resonator which corrects the temperature variance according to the season, in order to maximize the resonance effect in the Sacred bell of the Great King Seongdeok. In the bell, the 1st natural frequency (64 Hz) and the 2nd natural frequency (168 Hz) are the most important partial tones. Resonance conditions of the two components are determined for the internal acoustic cavity system, which consists of bell body cavity, gap and the resonator. Acoustic frequency response characteristics of the internal cavity are determined by the boundary element analysis using SYSNOISE. As an external factor, temperature variance according to the season largely influences the resonance condition and the length of the resonator should be controlled to maximize the resonance effect. As a measure, this study proposes a design model of the variable type resonator for the Sacred Bell of the Great King Seongdeok, which can control the length at the belfry according to the season.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.359-380
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• 2024

This study discusses the current state and challenges of global scholarly communication and the internationalization of scholarly journals. This study defines journal internationalization from the viewpoint of global scholarly communication and examines how the pursuit of knowledge universality, inclusiveness, and bibliodiversity, as well as scholar-led global scholarly communication, are being impeded. It proposes no-fee OA and repository-based OA journal publishing models and the development of multilingual scholarly information systems as a means to foster healthy global scholarly communication. Additionally, the study discusses the significance of international and national support and policy development, the roles of university libraries and library consortia, and the awareness of researchers, universities, and learned societies in promoting global scholarly communication.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

A moat is a pond or waterway paved on the outside of a fortress that is one of the facilities to prevent enemy from approaching the fortress wall or classify it as the boundary space, and this study was undertaken to find out the characteristics of the moat that was existed in the East and the West from ancient time to medieval time with the following result. First, the moat in the East was installed of natural moat and artificial moat at the same time while the moat in the West had the fortress built in naturally advantageous site to use natural most substantially more. Second, the moats of Korea were smaller in scale compared to other countries (Japan, China and the Western countries). Third, the fortresses in the East were built to protect towns or royal palace while the West had the fortress to protect the residence of kings, lords, great wealthy persons and the like, and they were used jointly with the natural moat and artificial moat to defend against the infiltration of enemy. Fourth, the Pungsujiri in the Orient is one of the numerous ideologies forming the supplementary ideologic system of Korean people that could not be denied as the perception that influences on Korean people after the Silla Dynasty, and this Pungsujiri was considered when determining the location of the castle. The moat surrounding the castle had the role to keep the good energy in the castle from escaping away. Fifth, the Ha-Ha technique in the west was designed to prevent the external power from infiltration by digging the ditch on the place applicable to the boundary of the garden site, rather than the fence. While walking around along the water-side path without knowing the existence of this ditch, when the road is discovered with the cut off in the ditch, people had the exclamation without actually recognizing such astonishment. It was originally the dike for military purpose during the medieval time that was designed to look into the garden without physical boundary surrounded with the vertical fence in the garden that by having the deep ditch like shape on the boundary line of the garden which was designed to form the farm by preventing various types of cattle from coming inside the garden and bring in the garden element for farms, forestry, agricultural land and the like.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1989

In recent years plants have increasingly become in inferior part of the interior designing of large buildings. In 28 large buildings selected at random in Seoul City have been subjected to studies on utilization status of fille interior landscape plants. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Plant class found in Interior of large buildings were 59 class, especially Dracaena were the most predominent plants among them, and then comes Monstera, Phiodendron, Schefflera, and Washingtonia in that order. 2. The most abundant ornamental plant cultivars were Monstera adansoii(Monstera perutusa cv.), and then comes Schefflera arboricora(Schefflera Hong Kong cv.), Washingionia rubusta (Washingtonia palm). Rhapis excelsa, and Diffenbachia(Hawaii Snow cv.) in that order. 3. Foliage plants among the interior landscape plants showed 99.5 percent and Woody plants and Bonsai plants showed each 0.4, 0.1 percent. 4. Climbing foliage plants found in 28 large building observed For the present study were 9 cultivar, and the most abundant plants were Hedera (pittsburgh cv.) and Epipremnum (Marble Queen cv.) pl anted to clustered planting. 5. A majority of plants used to plastic pot, and most of 71an1s place on the floor. 6. Height of plants ranging less then 50cm were more frequently found, but ranging from 50cm to 2.0m were 4.3 percent and the most predominent height of plants were Canariensis showed 4m in the large buildings. 7. Interior light intensity in large building were shortage, therefore artificial lamp for formal growing needed to be equipped. 8. Purpose growth of interior plants were to in order visitors. 9. 7he superintendents prefered to used pot-stand. 10. The most important environment factor for plant growing were light, humidity, and water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2016

일반적인 박막 성장용 CVD는 막 성장 시간이 짧게는 수분에서 수시간 정도 소요하기 때문에 장비에 문제가 발생 할 시 조치를 취하고 다음 현상을 개선하기에 용이 하였다. 그리고 대분분의 장비가 국산화되어 있을 만큼 많은 경험치가 축척되어 있다. 그러나 2, 4 족 화합물 성장용 CVD는 고아학 렌즈 생산용 장비로 국내에서는 아직 생소하고 공정 경험이 없는 새로운 장비이다. 2,4 족 화합물의 특징은 다음과 같다. 2,4 족 화합물은 M, N 이라는 두가 물질이 결합하여 형성한다. 2,4 족 화합물은 높은 융점과 낮은 증기압을 갖니다. 이런 물질들은 고온에서 아래와 같이 평형적으로 반응한다. $$nMN_{(s)}=nM_{(g)}+Nn_{(g)}$$ 화합물인 $MN_{(g)}$의 상태로 존재할 수 있으나 일바적으로 n=2인 4족 원소의 2원자 분자로된 기체가 지배적이다. 증기상을 이용한 성장 공정에서는 구성 원자나 분자를 만들어내는 단계, 이들을 공급원에서 기판까지 수송하는 단계, 기판 위에 흡착하는 단계, 핵의 생성과 단결정을 생성하는 단계, 필요치 않는 구성물을 제거하는 단계를 거쳐 공정이 진행 된다. 각 공정은 성장 물질에 충분한 자유도를 주어야하고 자유도를 주기 위해서는 많은 열에너지가 공급 되어야 한다. 따라서 기존의 박막 성장 공정 보다 성장 속도가 느리고 증착하는 양보다는 버리는 양이 많으며 버려지는 성장물질들은 급격한 온도 변화가 생기는 곳에서 급격히 증착하기 시작한다. 본 성장 공정이 진행되는 압력은 30 torr 부근이며 공정 온도는 $1000^{\circ}C$ 부근이다. 30 torr 영역에서는 열전달이 대기압과 같은 속도로 진행되기 때문에 지속적으로 온도에의해 손상을 받는 부위가 있을 수 있다. 높은 공정 온도와 높은 공정 압력은 내부 구조물로 발생된 열을 빠르게 장비 표면으로 수송하게 되고 그 결과 장비의 연결 부분에 장착된 오링에 손상을 주게 된다. 오링 손상을 방지 하기위해 냉각수 라인을 형성하여 오링을 보호하게 되면 열역학적 기울기가 급격히 발생하는 부분이므로 CVD의 반응 부산물들이 빠른 시간동안 증착하게 되고 막히는 현상이 발생하게 된다. 목표한 두게까지 박막을 성장시키기 위해서는 장시간 공정이 필수이며 장시간 공정을 안정적으로 가져가지 위해서는 배기 라인의 막힘 현상을 해결하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 막힘 현상의 진행을 시간에 따라 해석하였으며 장시간 공정을 진행하기위해 필요한 요소와 기구적으로 조치가 가능한 방법에 대해 작성하였다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 2007

We studied a Monte Carlo simulation of the proton beam delivery system at the National Cancer Center (NCC) using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and tested its feasibility as a dose verification framework. The Monte Carlo technique for dose calculation methodology has been recognized as the most accurate way for understanding the dose distribution in given materials. In order to take advantage of this methodology for application to external-beam radiotherapy, a precise modeling of the nozzle elements along with the beam delivery path and correct initial beam characteristics are mandatory. Among three different treatment modes, double/single-scattering, uniform scanning and pencil beam scanning, we have modeled and simulated the double-scattering mode for the nozzle elements, including all components and varying the time and space with the Geant4.8.2 Monte Carlo code. We have obtained simulation data that showed an excellent correlation to the measured dose distributions at a specific treatment depth. We successfully set up the Monte Carlo simulation platform for the NCC proton therapy facility. It can be adapted to the precise dosimetry for therapeutic proton beam use at the NCC. Additional Monte Carlo work for the full proton beam energy range can be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2023

The Florence Charter, established in 1981 by the ICOMOS-IFLA International Commission on Historic Gardens, considered the historic garden as a plant-dominated architectural composition, a perpetual balance between the artist and the artisan's desire to remain unaltered in perpetuity. Trees, the main component of the garden, require continuous management as they repeat their creation and calling according to the cycle of the seasons and accordingly, it is suggested that management to maintain the appearance of trees in Korean palaces was an indispensable element. Although it is an important matter to historically verify the tree management techniques of the palaces of the past, research has been difficult due to the absence of historical records and the disconnection of life due to the Japanese colonial period. In addition, according to the view that trees were not generally managed in the palace, research on palace tree management techniques has not been conducted so far. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether or not the tree management of the palaces was performed in the past through expert interviews based on photographs taken in modern times. With the identification of tree species and pruning through in-depth interviews with experts using photographs taken in the modern period, the results are as follows. First, it was found that the shapes of trees and leaves could be identified through photographs and by observing the phenomena caused by planting and pruning, it was possible to estimate whether or not the tree management was implemented in the modern palace. Second, as a result of in-depth interviews with 8 experts in 4 fields, it was possible to determine the tree species and pruning status, purpose, and method. There was no significant difference in opinions between groups, and the evidence was clearly presented. Third, the type of management of trees in the palace was mainly found to be determination of the types of tree, removal of hazardous factors of trees, and management of lower vegetation and through the photographs of Jondeokjeong and Gwanwanjeong, it was confirmed that the trees were managed even before the Japanese colonial era, considering the time of filming. Based on the photographs taken, it was possible to estimate whether the trees were managed before the Japanese colonial period through expert interviews. However, it could not be clarified due to lack of historical materials as to whether it was carried out on its own according to the circumstances of the times or by the Japanese Empire. Still, in this study, evidence was obtained to refute the view that trees of the palace were not managed in the past through the collected data. Expert opinions supporting this view were collected to make the conclusion. In addition, based on the general theory of pruning, an empirical review of expert opinions was conducted to secure the reliability of the research results.