• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.127-139
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• 2017

In recent 10 years the attention to social entrepreneurship has raised increasing among scholars, public sector, and community development. However less research has been conducted on how social entrepreneurship intention create a social enterprise and what factors can be affected to the social entrepreneurial intentions. This paper aims at contributing to identify the antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior and intentions. Especially, we have had a strong interests in compassion factors which haven't been used as important variables to encourage for people to do social entrepreneurial activities. Also, we try to find the moral obligation and perceived social support as antecedents of social entrepreneurial intentions. Finding show that compassion and moral obligation affect to the social entrepreneurial intention. Especially this study identify the external factor of society with the variable, perceived social support. Once individuals recognize that the infrastructure and societal positive mood on social entrepreneurship is friendly to social entrepreneurship, people have a tendency to try to do some social entrepreneurial activities. Only few empirical studies exist in this research domain. A study of more than 271 Korean college students has studied which personal traits predict certain characteristics of social entrepreneurs (such as having social vision or looking for social innovational opportunities). In addition to those antecedents, students experience is the critical factor that enabled continued expansion of the social entrepreneurial activities. The results of this research show how we can nurture social entrepreneurs and how we can develop the social environment to promote social entrepreneurship.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

Objectives：This study was performed to introduce a psychoeducational family therapy model for the families of schizophrenic patient and to investigate the effect of this model on the changes in coping style and depressive symptoms of the family members, and in perception of emotional support by families and depressive symptoms of patients. Methods：Nine preschool children, 3-5 years old, experiencing physical injuries caused by attack from a psychotic patient at kindergarten, were evaluated for psychological assessments；Intelligence test, MSSB(MacArthur Story-Stem Battery), H-T-P test(House-Tree-Person test). And their parents completed rating scale, KPI-C(Korean Personality Inventory for Children about children’s psychological conditions). Results：With respects to the contents and emotional reactions of MSSB, 9 preschool children showed generally high levels of anxiety, depression, avoidance, aggression, probably related to the traumatic experiences. Even though children couldn't verbally report directly about their traumatic experiences, in both MSSB, structured play narrative assessment tool, and HPT, free drawing and association test, they demonstrated psychiatric problems through reenactment plays, regardless of clinical diagnoses. Conclusion：Present study allowed us the chance to see beyond the outer pathological behaviors of PTSD in preschool children, through deeper evaluations of their mental representation. These preliminary data suggest deep understanding of internal representation would be of help for thorough evaluations and treatment plan for preschool children, experiencing severe trauma.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-60
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• 2004

Introduction：Research on attachment in view point of the developmental perspective which began in the 1940s progressed during several decades. Many investigators focused mother-child separation in early attachment studies, and moved to the relationship with childhood psychopathology. Recently attachment theory and research are moving forward along the intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns, and adolescents and adult mental disorders in the developmental perspectives. Methods：We surveyed the research papers through Medline search, attachment-related monographs, and review or original papers published in Korean journal. Results：Developmental attachment researches have demonstrated convincingly that insecure attachment in infancy is associated with attachment disorder; several childhood psychopatholgy, such as institutional care and adoption, aggression and behavioral problems, childhood anxiety disorders and depressive disorders, gender identity disorder and feeding disorder, and child abuse and maltreatment; peer relationship and social competency, and parental behaviors. Recently the methodological advances including the Adult Attachment Interview that systematically assesses the adults' recollections of the earlier parent-child relationship they experienced could move beyond attachment researcher's initial concern with infancy to consider attachment processes throughout the life span. We could find that the quality of attachment was associated with several mental disorders in adolescents and adults significantly. Conclusion：Attachment theory would have focused on more specific parent-child relationship than general parental behavior. Recent attachment theory underscores its evolutionary origins to promote development of infant and contribute to human survival in psychobiological bases. Advances in attachment research could unite interests in evolutional biology and developmental psychology in understanding early parent-child relationship, and apply to clinical issues concerning mental health throughout the life span.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2002

Purpose : The system to refer terminally ill patients to palliative or hospice care which ultimately give them emotional, psychological, and social support hasn't been fully developed and organized yet in Korea. The controversies concerning the current referral system are being analyzed to present the improvements. Methods : The questionnaires were asked to be filled out by family members of the 76 patients by phone interview, who were referred from the Seoul National University Hospital between April, 2001 to March, 2002. They were referred to the 35 palliative and hospice care-giving institutes and hospitals which were given questionnaires by mail. Results : Of the 76 patient's family members, 47 family members accepted to answer the questionnaire. The first thing that influence to family to determine the referral of patient was solicitation of doctors or nurses (44%). And they were influenced by allowance for the other things such as convenience of patients (32%), convenience of caring family members (24%). In the course of determining of referred institutes, responders had considered at first their dwelling area, and then fame of institutes, the place which patent had wanted to spend last hours or which is suitable for patient's funeral service, and their financial condition. Thirty-eight the 47 responders answered that they had experienced difficulties in referral procedure. The worst among difficulties was unwanted discharge, and followings were lack of information about the referred institutes, concern about patient's suffering, resistance of patient and opposition of other family members, etc. Although they expressed dissatisfaction in referral procedure, most of them answered they had been satisfied with hospice care at referred institute after referral. Merits of referral which responders counted were patient's peace, caring family's comfort and reduced cost in order. Of the 35 referred institutes, 24 institutes' staffs responded mail questionnaires and sent to us in return. Except one responder, the rest approved the referral system and thought that referred patients had been satisfied with their hospice care. And they claimed that systemic support of the government is definitely necessary. The most difficult thing which responders experienced in care of referred patients was lack of information about patients. Besides, there were patient's financial problems, lack of understanding about their institutes of patients or family, and inconvenience of terminal cancer patient's pain control. Conclusion : The development and support of the organized referral system is needed to alleviate the troubles which patients, family members, and palliative or hospice institutes and hospitals have to face through the procedure of the referral.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.19-38
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• 2013

This study focuses on the differences in general self-concept, academic self-concept, significant others self-concept and emotional-physical self-concept in relation to appearance management behavior. It goes on to show that appearance management behaviors such as styles in clothing, makeup, skin care, hair care, cosmetic surgery and body shaping, weight control management are strongly influenced by self-concept. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of providing basic understanding and information on the appearance management behavior of middle school students. It was also done in an effort to find ways of improving the self-concept of students through education as a part of the domestic science curriculum. The results obtained in this study are as follows: On average, the middle school students who took part in this study showed low self-concept and appearance management behavior which indicates a negative image of themselves. This suggests that efforts need to be made so that students can see themselves in a positive way and improve their self-concept through appearance management behavior. Middle school students with a positive self-concept try to present themselves by keeping their skin clean and their hair attractive. They express their self-esteem and personality through fashion and by keeping and maintaining their clothing, shoes and bags. They also tend to show a positive attitude towards their studies and are more likely to understand and get along with others. The students who showed positive attitudes towards their bodies and emotions have a higher interest in clothing and try to express the image that they want for themselves. They are also less likely to change their bodies unnaturally through cosmetic surgery and body shaping. Appropriate appearance management behavior can help middle school students see themselves in a more positive way.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.111-133
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of global citizenship education in the 2015 revision of Home Economics textbook and examine the relevance of global citizenship education in the subject of Home Economics. To this end, the contents of global citizenship education included in the 2015 revision of middle school Home Economics textbook were extracted and analyzed from the viewpoint of the UNESCO Topics and Learning Objectives (TLO), according to the procedure of the concurrent triangulation design. When the frequencies of inclusion of the 9 topics of TLOs were counted, about 54.6% of global citizenship education(GCED) content covered in the 2015 revision of Home Economics textbooks in total was related to the socio-emotional aspects. In particular, TLO 4 (Different levels of identity) showed the highest ratio, followed by TLO 5(Different communities people belong to and how these are connected) and TLO 1 (Local, national and global systems and structures). As a result of categorizing global citizenship education learning topics extracted from Home Economics textbooks of middle school by Home Economics sub-topic area, the child and family(94) area showed the greatest relevance to all learning topics. Food and nutrition(13), clothing(13), housing(15), and consumption (14) showed similar distributions of learning subjects. Child and family area is related to global citizenship education in the topics of adolescent development and its characteristics, family relations, sexual and domestic violences prevention, change in family structures and healthy families, aging society and work-family balance, and life planning and career exploration. The food and nutrition area is related to global citizenship education in the topics of nutrition and eating behavior, and adolescents' food selection and safe cooking. The topic of clothing management and recycling of clothing area, housing culture, residential space utilization, and residential life and safety of housing area, consumer life in adolescence of consumption area were related to the learning subject of global citizenship education. As such, high relations between GCED learning topics and Home Economics learning content elements were found. It is expected that the data of this study will be used as basic data for program development, class improvement, and textbook development with global citizenship education as a content element in Home Economics education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

Throughout analyzing and construing the words, contexts, and expressive languages used for depicting the pine tree in the novel "Honbul" written by Choi, Myung-Hee the symbolism of the pine and folksy languages used for scenery can be condensed as written below: First, it is explicit that the scenery-words for illustrating the pine tree in "Honbul" are emerged through diverse means methods and expressions. Namely, the reference forms of the pine tree and the expressive means of utilizing words portrays the use of the pine are various and subdivided. Second, the scenery-words found in vocabularies and the contexts of "Honbul" imply various symbolic representation. They not only perform to describe inherent image and symbolism of the pine, but they work for reifying the image of "Honbul" in the narrative structure in "Honbul" as being intrinsic scenery-word. Third, the scenery-words used for expressing aesthetics emerge as synesthetic expressions through the linear beauty and the texture of the pine as well as through five-senses. Forth, on the basis of the inherent symbolism and the image of the pine, the landscape of the background described in "Honbul" deems as a symbolic backdrop. As with then narrative structure of the novel, the pine tree performs as a mediation of the heaven and the earth, god and man, as well as the sacred and the secular. Fifth, scenery-words used for depicting the pine tree are a symbol that represents the spirit and emotion of the character in the novel. Moreover, it is a tool for pursuing the personification of the nature, the deification of the object, and the cosmos of the space. It is also utilized as a device that definitize the ideational image applied to express the landscape of the background of the novel. As mentioned above, the expressions, vocabularies and textures about pine tree represented from "Honbul" are expected to be the beginning of understanding the landscape-images and landscape-languages of pine in not only the setting for this novels, Namwon but also the entire districts of Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-92
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• 2012

With accumulated research evidence, there is little doubt that leadership behavior is related to a wide variety of positive individual and organizational outcomes. Indeed, leadership behavior has been empirically linked to increased employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, extra effort, turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and overall employee performance. Although leadership behavior has been linked to a number of positive organizational outcomes, research regarding the antecedents of such behavior is limited. Especially there is little research dealing with the antecedents of inter-organizational leadership behavior. This study interests in inter-organizational ethical leadership among marketing channel members. In both the mass media and the academic association, there has been a surge in interest in the ethical and unethical behavior of leaders. Although the corporate scandals in recent years may explain much of the mass media and popular focus, academics' interest has been limited by evidence that ethical leadership behavior is associated with both positive and negative inter-organizational processes and performances. This study tried to contribute to this body of knowledge by examining antecedents of ethical leadership. Ethical leadership is defined "the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement, and decision-making." Ethical leaders not only inform individuals of the behefits of ethical behavior and the cost of inappropriate behavior, such leaders also set clear standards and use rewards and fair and balanced punishment to hold followers accountable for their ethical conduct. Despite the assume importance and prominence of ethical leadership among organizations, there are still many questions relating to its antecedents and consequences. One is whether the likelihood of an leading organization being perceived as an ethical leader among other following organizations in marketing channels can be predicted using its characteristics and inter-organizational relationship maintenance skills. Identifying trait and skill antecedents will aid in the development of strategies for selecting and developing ethical leaders and determining the best means to reinforce ethical behaviors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three categorized variables on ethical leadership of channel leader. To be concrete, this study develops a model of the antecedents of three conceptually distinct forms of channel leader characteristics, such as organizational traits, inter-organizational relationship maintenance strategies, and supplier management strategies, and tests the hypothesized differential effects on ethical leadership of marketing channel leaders. The reason why this study deals with discount store channel is that there is very strong inter-dependence between a discount store and its suppliers. Their strong inter-dependence makes their relationship as the relationship between a leader and suppliers and creates an atmosphere that leadership occur without difficulty. The research model is as follows. For the purpose of empirical testing, 295 respondents of suppliers of discount store channel in Korea were surveyed. The procedures included scale reliability, and discriminant and convergent validity were used to validate measures. Also, the reliability measurements traditionally employed, such as the Cronbach's alpha, were used. All the reliabilities were greater than .70. This study conducted confirmatory factor analyses to assess the validity of our measurements. All items loaded significantly on their respective constructs(with the lowest t-value being 15.2), providing support for convergent validity. We then examined composite reliability and average variance extracted(AVE). The composite reliability of each construct was greater than .70. The AVE of each construct was greater than .50. This study tested research model using Partial Least Square(PLS). The estimation of the structural equation model revealed an acceptable fit of the model to the data($r^2$=.851). Thus, This study concluded that the model fit was considered acceptable. The results of PLS are as follows. The results indicated that conscientiousness, openness, conflict management, social networks, training, fair reward had positive effects on ethical leadership of channel leaders. On the other hand, emotional insecure had negative effect and agreeableness, assurance, and inter-organizational communication had no significant effect on supply chain leadership.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-62
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• 2006

The early development of an infant is crucial due to the enormous impact it has throughout an infant's life. Therefore, it is important to understand the development process of an infant and provide a high-quality educational environment so that an infant can progress at an innate pace to learn how to exercise, understand, speak, socialize, and empathize as well as having a balanced growth. When educating an infant, joy is a substantial factor in the formation of trust and development of relationship that makes education efficient. Music can be an effective means to offer a fun atmosphere vto the infant in which it stimulates active participation of the infant and development of a variety of dimensions to the infant's development. Also, the purpose of music therapy education is utilizes to plan for the different age groups' level of understanding of music and allow the infant to have a positive experience and develop properly. The purposes of this study are as following: to examine characteristics according to an infant' developmental steps thoroughly, to suggest interventions using music therapy education to stimulate development of an infant, to prove that infants age 3 to 6 obtain the necessary ability and skill through the effective educational therapy through music, and finally to create a music program for educating infants or music therapy. This study has examined theories of the music approach targeting infants age 3 to 6 and made character observations of infant' Motor, Cognition, Communication, Socialization, and Emotions. With the basis of the above theory, the different levels of development has been divided, specific goals has been set up according to the levels, and various music therapy education for infants have been created. The music therapy education activity has been approved by five professionals who are renown in their specific field. They made comments that the development levels were properly divided in the paper. They also commented that the music program is adequate for achieving the goal of each developmental level and it stimulates the different levels of an infant's development. In conclusion, the study reflects that the approach of music therapy education stimulates the different levels of infant development. Music therapists can utilize this music program to help handicapped children identify characteristics of progress and develop at their own ability.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1058-1059
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• 2003

학동기(만 6-12세)에 좋은 영양 공급은 일생의 성장 발육의 기초를 조성하여 지적, 사회적, 정서적 능력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이에 초등학생의 영양문제와 식습관을 해결하는 방안의 하나로 최근 대두되고 있는 아침결식률을 낮추기 위한 ‘아침 안 거르기’ 사업을 학교와 연계 개발하여 프로그램을 진행하고 그 효과를 평가하였다. 이 연구는 서울시 강북구 관내에 위치한 4개 초등학교 5학년 학생 1026명(실험군 451명, 대조군 675명)을 대상으로 4∼9월까지 6개월간 5단계로 실시되었다. 프로그램의 효과평가를 위해 사전(실험군-학생 428명, 부모 416명, 대조군-학생 656명, 부모 589명), 사후(실험군-학생 427명, 부모 368명, 대조군-학생 608명, 부모 558명) 설문조사를 2회 실시하여 행동과 인식률 변화를 측정하였다. 프로그램은 매월 1회 담임교사가 진행하였고, 교육자료 및 홍보물은 아침먹기 캐릭터 가방걸이와 학부모의 참여를 높이고자 가정통신문과 교육내용을 함께 삽입하여 제작한 알림장, 아침먹기와 일찍자기를 실천할 실천스티커를 배포하였고 프로그램 종료 후 아침 먹기 실천달력을 제공하였다. 또 아동들 자신의 식생활을 바르게 꾸려 나갈 수 있도록 가공식품의 ‘영양표시’에 관한 교육을 함께 교육하였고, 설문조사를 통해 영양표시제에 관한 인식변화와 행동변화율을 측정하였다. 학생들의 아침식사 실천율은 매일 먹는 그룹이 실험군은 62.9%에서 69.6%로 7% 상승하였고, 전혀 먹지 않는 그룹은 11.2%에서 6.4%로 4.8% 감소하였다(p<0.001) 대조군의 경우 매일 먹는 그룹은 70.4%에서 70.2%로, 전혀 먹지 않는 그룹은 6.9%에서 6.5%로 나타났다(p<0.001). 아침식사가 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 인식률 변화는 큰 영향이 있다고 답한 그룹이 실험군은 60.1%에서 64.8% (p<0.001)로, 대조군은 64.8%에서 57.2% (p<0.001)로 각각 변화하였다. 일찍 자기가 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 인식률은 큰 영향이 있다고 답한 그룹이 실험군은 52.5%에서 70.7%(p<0.001), 대조군은 55.3%에서 60.2%로(p<0.001), 일찍 자기 실천에 대한 의지 변화는 11시 이전에 잘 계획이라는 그룹이 실험군은 31.9%에서 43.9%(p<0.001), 대조군은 35.5%에서 36.8%로 나타났다(p<0.001). 영양 표시에 관한 문항에서는 식품구매시 영양표시를 보고 구매한 경험이 없다는 군이 실험군에서는 58.2%에서 40.4%로 감소하였고(p<0.001), 대조군은 64%에서 53.6% (P<0.001)로 감소하였다. 영양소에 관한 지식 평가에서 짜지 않은 간식을 선택할 때 유의할 성분을 나트륨이라고 답한 그룹은 실험군은 31.7%에서 56.3%로, 대조군은 15.9%에서 23.0%로 나타나 그룹간 큰 차이를 보였다. 아침식사로 좋아하는 음식은 김치, 김치찌개, 밥, 피자, 고기, 빵, 된장찌개, 김, 햄, 계란후라이 순이었으며 싫어하는 아침음식은 피망, 고추, 양파, 김치, 시금치, 마늘, 콩, 파, 피자, 나물순으로 나타났다. 아침식사로 혼자서도 준비할 수 있는 음식은 밥, 라면, 계란후라이, 김치, 반찬, 볶음밥, 계란, 국, 햄, 씨리얼 순으로 나타났다. 부모의 인식률 변화는 가정내에 컴퓨터 설치장소로 적합하다고 생각되는 장소로 실험군의 경우 학생 방은 28.0%에서 21.6%로 6.4%감소하였고, 마루나 거실은 61.3%에서 66.0%로 5%증가하였다(p<0.001). 반면 대조군의 경우 학생 방은 28.8%에서 24.9%로 3.9% 감소, 마루나 거실은 63.4%에서 65.9%로 2.5%증가하여 실험군과 큰 차이를 보였다(p<0.001) 자녀의 늦은 취침시간과 아침식사에 관한 인식률 변화는 아침식사에 영향이 있다는 군은 실험군의 경우 78.1%에서 82.7%로 4.2% 증가하였고(p<0.05), 대조군의 경우 82.2%에서 80.5%로 감소하여 나타났다.(P<0.001) 연구결과 실험군의 경우 일주일 동안 아침을 전혀 먹지 않는 학생이 감소하고 매일 아침을 먹는 학생이 유의적으로 증가하여 아동의 아침식사 행동변화와 인식률 변화에 도움이 된 것으로 나타났다.