• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-99
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• 1996

본 논문의 목적은 한국증권시장에서 주가의 상하한 제한폭이 얼마수준에서 적정한가를 실증적으로 분석하는 것이다. 이 분석을 하기 위해서 주가제한폭이 늘어남에 따라 주가변동성이 얼마나 늘어나는가에 대한 민감도 분석을 하여야 하는데 이를 위해 먼저 주가제한폭하에서의 주가변동성에 대한 공식을 도출하였다. 이 공식에 따르면 주가변동성은 주가제한폭이 존재하지 않을 경우의 고유의 주가변동성과 기대수익률과 그리고 주가제한폭의 함수이다. 이 공식을 이용하여서, 유동성을 아주 적게 저해하면서 비정상적인 주가폭락 및 주가폭등을 조기에 제어할 수 있는 가능한 한 낮은 주가제한 폭으로 15%가 적합하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• s.413
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• pp.18-20
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• 2014

배출권 거래제의 가장 큰 장점은 주어진 감축목표를 최소의 비용으로 달성할 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서 감축목표가 명확하지 않을 경우 배출권 거래제는 정상적인 기능을 발휘하기 어렵다. 온실가스 감축목표의 경우 기후변화문제의 장기적 특성으로 인해 단기적 목표보다는 중장기적 목표의 설정이 중요하다. 결국 국가 차원의 중장기 온실가스 감축목표의 설정이 배출권 거래제의 선행 요건이 된다. 현재 우리나라는 2020년에 대한 국가 목표만 있는 상황인데, 배출권 시장의 원활한 운영을 위해서는 2030년은 물론 2050년에 대한 국가 온실가스 감축목표의 설정이 필요하다. 배출권 시장은 단기적인 목표 뿐만 아니라 중장기적인 목표가 감축여건과 동시에 가격 형성에 영향을 줌으로써 비용효과적 자원배분을 촉진할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.159-161
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• 2003

일상생활 중에 많은 사람들이 과도한 음성을 사용하게 되어 자신도 모르는 사이에 발성기관의 이상이 생기는 경우를 본다. 이러한 병적인 음성을 분석하기 위해서는 정상적인 음성의 특징을 먼저 객관적으로 분석하고 이들의 기준치를 잡은 다음 병적인 음성의 특징이 그 기준에서 얼마나 벗어났는지를 밝히는 과정이 필요하다. 사람의 음성을 지문과 같이 나타내는 음성분석 소프트웨어가 다양하게 개발되어 왔다. 시중에는 너무 간단하여 사용하기는 편하나 학술 논문을 작성할 때 사용할 만큼 정확한 데이터를 제공하지 못하는 프로그램이 있고, 반면에 매우 복잡한 기능들이 들어가 있어서 단순한 분석을 위해 그 모든 기능들을 익혀야 하는 불편한 프로그램도 나와 있다. 특히, 비싼 하드웨어를 동반한 소프트웨어들은 가격에 비해 사용자의 편의를 고려하지 않는 프로그램들도 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.119-122
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• 2004

최근 들어 용수가격 상승과 갈수기 대비 대체용수 확보차원에서 폐수를 처리하여 공업용수를 재이용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 국내의 경우 단위 사업장에서 폐수재이용 시설을 설치한 사례는 비교적 많은 편이나, 정상적으로 가동하는 경우는 드문 것으로 조사되고 있다[1]. 이는 초기 시설 투자비를 줄이기 위하여 전처리를 소홀히 한 것이 가장 큰 원인으로 판단된다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.2-8
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• 2000

2000년 6월부터 정상관측 활동을 시작하는 다목적실용위성 1호 영상자료 및 과학관측 자료의 공공 및 상업적 활용 극대화를 위하여 위성자료 배포에 따른 문제, 즉 공공 및 상용분야에 대한 자료배포 방안에 관한 기본원칙을 설정할 필요성이 대두되었다. 이에 따라 항공우주연구소에서는 다목적실용위성 1호의 자료활용 정책, 위성의 운영방안, 배포방안, 공공 및 상용배포, 가격정책 등에 관한 자료보급 규정을 제정하여 효율적인 자료배포 체계를 구축하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.457-469
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• 2010

The government real estate policy has repeatedly relaxed and reinforced controls under the mutually contradictory targets. Switching over the supporting policy after the IMF crisis to the regulating policy from 2003, the government housing policy began to generate ill effects due to various regulations. This stud carefully investigates and statistically tests the transmissions of variations in the housing prices between the metropolitan areas in the early stage of the preceding administration, under the effect of the supporting scheme, and those in the late stage, under the effect of the restricting scheme. The distinctive feature between the two periods is found to be much simplified interrelationships of the price variations in the latter period. Consolidated leading role of capital sphere, by concentrated economic strength, suggest the obvious imbalance between variations in the metropolis housing prices.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.327-353
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• 2017

The issue submitted to the Court of Justice on the merits of case C---573/13 originated from a claim brought in the context of a dispute between Air Berlin and the German Federal Union of Consumer Organisations and Associations. The challenge concerned the way in which air fares were displayed in Air Berlin's computerised booking system. The system was organised in such a way that, after selecting a date and a departure airport, one would find all possible flight connections in a summary table. However, the final price of the ticket was displayed only for the clicked connection, and not for all connections, thus preventing customers from being able to compare such price with the prices of other connections. The German Federal Union took the view that this practice did not meet the requirements laid down by Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008, which requires transparency in the prices set for air services. This led the German State to bring an injunctive action to cause Air Berlin to discontinue said practice. The claim was upheld at both the application and appeal stage of the relevant proceedings. Subsequently, Air Berlin submitted the matter to the German Federal High Court, which decided to stay the proceedings and ask for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice as to 1. whether Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 must be interpreted as meaning that, during the computerised booking process, the final price to be paid must be indicated at all times when prices of air services are shown, including when they are shown for the first time; and 2. whether, during the computerised booking process, the final price must be indicated only for the air service specifically selected by the customer or for each air service shown. In a nutshell, the Court, by the here---discussed judgment determined that Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No. 1008/2008 must be interpreted as meaning that, in the context of a computerised air ticket booking system, the final price to be paid must be indicated not only for the air service specifically selected by the customer, but also for each air service in respect of which the fare is shown. Clearly the above judgment will place air companies under an obligation to update and adjust (when needed) their computerised ticket booking and payment systems, in consideration of the primary need for consumers to be aware at all times of the actual price payable for a ticket and be able to compare the price of the service selected with the prices for other air services in respect of which the fare is shown.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.111-130
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• 2008

This paper compares long term equilibrium relation of KOSPI 200 which is underling stock and its futures by using general method fractional cointegration instead of existing integer cointegration. Existence of integer cointegration between two price time series gives much wider information about long term equilibrium relation. These details grasp long term equilibrium relation of two price time series as well as reverting velocity to equilibrium by observing difference coefficient of error term when it renounces from equilibrium relation. The result of this study reveals existence of long term equilibrium relation between KOSPI200 and futures which follow fractional cointegration. Difference coefficient, d, of 'two price time series error term' satisfies 0 < d < 1/2 beside bandwidth parameter, m(173). It means two price time series follow stationary long memory process. This also means impulse effects to balance price of two price time series decrease gently within hyperbolic rate decay. It indicates reverting speed of error term is very low when it bolts from equilibrium. It implies to market maker, who is willing to make excess return with arbitrage trading and hedging risk using underling stock, how invest strategy should be changed. It also insinuates that information transition between KOSPI 200 Index market and futures market does not working efficiently.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2011

This study investigate the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's attitude of bundle component. Although each effect of bundle price discount framing and message framing has been explored individually, few attempts have been made to invest them jointly. This study tests the interaction effects of bundle price discount framing and message framing on consumer's evaluation of bundle component. Moreover, this research focuses on consumer's evaluation of individual bundle component while the existing research on bundling primarily focused on consumer's evaluation of the bundle. Prior research suggests that consumers are sensitive to the framing of prices and discounts in the presentation of the bundle offer. For example, there is considerable evidence that partitioning or consolidating the prices of a bundle can influence the attractiveness of the bundle offer. Similarly, there is evidence that an equivalent price reduction to the overall bundle, one of the individual products in the bundle, or distributed among the individual products in the bundle can alter the perceived attractiveness of the offer (e.g. Chakravarti, Krish, Paul, and Srivastava 2002; Hamilton and Srivastava 2008; Janiszewski and Cunha 2004; Johnson, Herrmann and Bauer 1999; ; Morwitz, Greenleaf, and Johnson 1998; Yadav 1994; 1995). In line with these earlier research, this research suggests that the bundle type can influence the consumer's evaluation of bundle component. There are two types of bundle - mixed-leader bundle and mixed-joint bundle. In mixed-leader bundling, the price of one of the two products is discounted when the other product is purchased at the regular price. In mixed-joint bundling, a single price is set when the two product are purchased jointly. This study supposes that the teeth whitening product is the leader product in a mixed-leader bundle. So bundle price discount framing is manipulated such as "Buy the teeth whitening product (regular price \80,000) and get 50% discount on the functional toothpaste(regular price \40,000), special set price \100,000" or "Buy the functional toothpaste and the teeth whitening product as a set and get discount for the set, special set price \60,000". Message framing is manipulated through the product claims described in an advertising bill. The positive framing presents that "Over 95% of users achieved the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks" where as the negative framing presents "less than 5% of users did not achieve the expected 2-3 shades of improvement in two weeks". This study uses hypothetical brand name of the teeth whitening product and the functional toothpaste This study is based on a 2x2 factorial design with bundle discount framing (mixed-leader bundle vs. mixed-joint bundle) and massage framing (positive vs. negative). The dependant variables are consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product The data reveals that two dependant variables are correlated, so the data is analyzed with two-way MANOVA. This research explores the significant interaction effect of bundle discount framing and message framing on consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product. When the message framing is positive, consumer's perceived quality and attitude of the teeth whitening product is higher in mixed-leader bundle than mixed-joint bundle condition. However, when the message framing is negative, consumer's evaluation is higher in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. The author explains this result by stating that consumers are less likely to use heuristics such as price-quality association and value discounting hypothesis(Raghubir 2004) in the negative message framing condition. Additionally, consumer's perceived risk of the teeth whitening product in the negative message framing condition can be more reduced by the bundle partner(e.g. the toothpaste) in mixed-joint bundle than mixed-leader bundle. Based on the results, marketing managers are advised to use different bundle type based on message framing of their product.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

X-선 혹은 감마선 등 종래의 방서선 치료는 양성자 혹은 이온에 의한 치료방법의 등장함에 따라 퇴조할 것으로 보인다. 그 이유는, 양성자 등 전하를 띄는 입자치료기술이 치료 후 후유증이나 암의 재발을 현저히 억제시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 전하를 띄는 입자는 암 조직 전후의 정상 조직에 최소한의 피폭을 주나, X-선이나 감마선과 같은 광자들은 암 조직 전후의 정상세포가 암세포로 변화될 수 있는 정도의 피폭량을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재 임상 중인 양성자(혹은 극히 일부의 탄소이온 치료기)치료기는 1990년 미국의 로마린다(Loma Linda) 대학에서 최초로 건립된 방식인 사이클로트론 혹은 싱클로트론 가속기와 빔라인 및 겐트리(gantry)로 구성된다. 그 장치의 거대함만큼이나 가격과 유지비 등에서 일반 소형병원에서 운영하기에는 쉽지 않아 보인다. 이에 본고에서는 소형병원에서도 운영할 수 있는 저비용의 레이저 양성자(이온) 가속방식의 등장 배경과 향후 전망을 논하고자 한다.