• Journal of Naturopathy
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative, collagenase and elastase activities of defatted perilla ethanol extracts. In addition, the possibility of its use as a functional cosmetic material has been studied. Methods: In order to investigate the antioxidant function of the perilla extract, electron spin resonance (ESR) was measured with a spectrometer by analyzing the scavenging ability of diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Results: The antioxidant activity of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the perilla extract was about 68% at 85 ㎍/ml, 85% at 20 ㎍/ml, 90% at 40-100 ㎍/ml, and showed antioxidant ability. The inhibitory activity of collagenase was increased to 4.1% at 20 mg/ml, 12% at 40 mg/ml and 26.7% at 100 mg/ml. The inhibitory activity increased in proportion to the concentration. The inhibitory activity of elastase was increased to 3.8% at 20 mg/ml, 15% at 40 mg/ml, 28% at 80 mg/ml and 35.7% at 100 mg/ml. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ethanol extract of perilla may inhibit the antioxidant activity and the activity of collagenase and elastase to improve the skin aging and wrinkles.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.229-257
• /
• 2023

This study aims to understand students' perceptions of the spatial characteristics of school libraries when they use them for reading. We selected a set of spatial characteristics by reviewing the literature and conducting a preliminary investigation. Then, we examined how students perceived the importance of and how satisfied they were with each characteristic. In addition, we investigated how students' perceptions differ by the library uses and reading-related activities. We also studied whether the satisfaction of school library users affects their continued use of the libraries. We also verified whether school library user satisfaction is an intervening variable in continued-use intention, which is affected by spatial characteristics perception. We conducted a survey of 342 students from four middle schools. The analysis of the survey outcomes shows differences in library use due to spatial characteristics such as convenience, communicability, diversity, and safety. Factors such as communicability, comfortability, and ambience affected user satisfaction positively. Both aesthetics and communicability also positively influenced the continued-use intention. Furthermore, we identified that communicability, comfortability, and ambience eventually impacted the continued-use intention via user satisfaction, an intervening variable. The significance of this study is that it considered the direction of the school library to support students' reading by regarding the school library as a space for reading.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 2023

Although many researches have been conducted that the contents consumption, called Hallyu, has a positive effect on the national image of Korea, which leads to product purchases, there have been few empirical studies based on the experience economy theory that connects to value relationships with customers. Therefore, based on the experiential economy theory, this research conducted an empirical analysis of the effect on Korean image and cosmetics purchase intention targeting women living in Malaysia and the Philippines who have experienced the Korean Wave(Hallyu). As a result of the research, entertainment experience, educational experience, and escape experience had a significant effect on the image of Korea, but aesthetic experience did not. Entertainment experience, educational experience and escape experience also had significant relationships in the indirect effect of Korean image on cosmetics purchase intention. In the moderating effect analysis comparing the two countries, in Malaysia, escape experience had a significant effect on the image of Korea, but in the Philippines, entertainment experience and educational experience had a significant effect on the image of Korea, so there was a difference between the two countries. The effect of Korean image on cosmetics purchase intention was confirmed significantly in both countries, but it was greater in the Philippines than in Malaysia. This research is meaningful in that it is an empirical study based on the systematic framework of experiential economy theory. In order to maintain the effectiveness of the Korean Wave(Hallyu), various improvements in the contents that make up the Korean Wave are required and policy consideration by the relevant authorities is needed. It is also necessary to consider each country's different acceptance of the Korean Wave(Hallyu).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.191-203
• /
• 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated medical service model for a fibromyalgia patient and their caregiver, focusing on reducing pain and improving quality of life. Methods: A single-case study design was employed, involving a fibromyalgia patient and their primary caregiver treated at W University Hospital. The integrated medical service program, based on the Ministry of Health and Welfare's model, included medical consultations and complementary therapies such as psychological counseling, art therapy, music therapy, horticultural therapy, yoga, and meditation. The program was conducted weekly for 8 weeks, with each session lasting up to 100 minutes. Data collection involved both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Quantitative data included demographic surveys, psychological tests, health-related quality of life measures, pain indices, and sleep quality indices. Qualitative data were gathered through feedback evaluations and emotional assessments. Results: The patient showed improvements in mobility, self-care, daily activities, and anxiety/depression, with EQ-VAS scores increasing from 20 to 40 and pain perception decreasing from 67.41 to 42.58. The caregiver reported reduced anxiety/depression and an increase in EQ-VAS scores from 95 to 98. Both patient and caregiver exhibited emotional changes, with decreased depression and increased happiness. However, the patient showed an increase in fear and anger. Conclusions: The integrated medical service model positively impacted the emotional and psychological well-being of the fibromyalgia patient and their caregiver. Despite the limitations of a small sample size and a single-case study design, the findings suggest that an integrated approach can be beneficial. Larger-scale studies are needed to confirm and generalize these results.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to compare oral hygiene status between young adult group and older adult group and to suggest a pathway model of oral health level in self-assessed. Subjects were totally 80 people with young adult group and the older adult group. The data, which was collected by surveying for one month from July 1, 2010 to July 30, was analyzed with SPSS VERSION 19.0 and AMOS 19.0. Oral hygiene test and questionnaire survey were carried out from targeting. 1. The young adult group and older adult group had the same quality in oral health level score and living habit. 2. The oral hygiene status in young adult and older adult group was same in 7 items(58.33%) out of 12 items. 3. Oral health level score in self-assessed of young adult group could be explained with 34% by 3 variables. Older adult group could be explained with 26% by 2 variables. 4. In young adult, the fitness of path model was very good with 0.96 in CFI, 0.94 in TLI, and 0.00 in RMSEA. In older adults, the fitness of path model was very good with 1.00 in CFI, 1.15 in TLI, and 0.00 in RMSEA. This might imply if TMJ disorder level and number of infection is neglected in young aldults, mastication function will be significantly effected in older adults. Thus, development and management of health education program is needed based on self-assessment oral health level by young adults group and older adults group.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2013

The mouth rinsing solution currently on the market is used for oral hygiene and reduction of halitosis, and alkaline ionized water is used for drinking purposes. The aim of this germiculture and observation through a microscope is to investigate the effect they have on the oral bacteria, and the results are as follows. 1. The change in the number of cultivated bacteria before and after the use of gargle was most dramatic for Hexamedin. It showed the highest rate of decrease in bacteria by 71.29%, followed by Listerine with 62.25%, Caregargle with 42.26%, Garglin with 33.52%, saline solution with 21.62%, alkaline ionized water with 16.08% and distilled water with 7.67%. 2. After careful analysis of statistics, Hexamedin was found to result in a significant decrease in the number of bacteria after gargling (p<0.05). 3. From observing through an light microscope after gram staining, it was evident that both a number of cocci and a few of filamentous were present before the use of gargle, whereas mostly cocci was present after the use of gargle. 4. The difference in the pH of oral rinses and alkaline ionized water had no significant influence on the number of oral bacteria. In conclusion, Hexamedin and Listerine, with the rate of decrease of bacteria of co71.29% and 62.25% respectively, have proven to be highly effective when applied before dental treatment. Other oral rinses and alkaline ionized water are relatively less efficient in decreasing the number of oral bacteria. Also, the decrease of bacteria is more affected by the antibacterial component of oral rinses than by the change in pH.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.40
• /
• pp.209-242
• /
• 2014

This study is to understand sure the primary crime prevention has been incidence as a social problem intended for parents through the analysis of the Crime Prevention Design (CPTED) CPTED element of recognize elements that target crime prevention strategy to effectively help students be and an object of the present invention is to provide a policy suggestion haryeoneunde proposed basic data required for orientation. To achieve the study objectives such as the core framework in this study IPA: Importance-Performance Analysis) also was selected. Subjects of study in 2010 Gyeongju Elementary parents name and were 203 first research group investigating the secondary school population of the region in 2014 to nomadic parents of 297 people sampled selection. Questionnaire that use by this study applies "Important-Performance Analysis : IPA" technique that Martilla & James(1977) presented and analyzed awareness for CPTED elements of strategy for student's crime prevention to elementary school pupil students' parentse. It was the first group, 0.886, 0.920, 0.895 and 2nd group 0.880, 0.906, 0.878 that reliability of (Cronbach' s ${\alpha}$) the importance, and believability of run chart was the first group, 0.880, 0.917, 0.878 and 2nd group, 0.735, 0.840, 0.830. Analysis of the data carried out frequency analysis, reliability analysis, Frequency analysis was performed, paired sample t-Test for the reliability analysis, and the technical statistical analysis of the data is. The analysis of lattice bars execution through the IPA, the importance of the primary parents elements of CPTED strategies are generally very high, but found that the variation depending on the components that Performance. This study, an important element of the strategy to eliminate the school building for students from inside and outside the criminal fears CPTED is a mechanical surveillance in the first group, organizational surveillance, and the second group is the region intensified I'll showed mechanically and organizational factors in the investigation, and request that the investment is urgently important element is also execution low, crime prevention personnel security higher importance than expanding the front door. The analysis result of this study expects that basic data can be used in policy direction presentation that examines closely CPTED elements of strategy for crime prevention of students and applies CPTED's component effectively at elementary school hereafter.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2011

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has devastating effects on multiple aspects of the quality of life(QoL). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the QoL between PTSD group and non-PTSD group, and identify the variables affecting the QoL of the Vietnam War veterans. Methods: We recruited 39 veterans with PTSD and 43 veterans without PTSD, all of whom had deployed to the Vietnam War. We used the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus, the Korean version of Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Combat Exposure Scale and the Korean version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument abbreviated version. We used independent samples t-test to identify the differences between PTSD and non-PTSD group in each domains of the quality of life. We also used stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to figure out the variables affecting the QoL of the Vietnam War veterans. Results: In the PTSD group, all domains of the QoL and the QoL total score(p<0.01) were significantly lower than those in the non-PTSD group. In the Vietnam War veterans, PTSD, major depressive disorder and education levels were the variables affecting the QoL. Among these, PTSD uniquely explained the QoL of the overall and general health(${\beta}$=-1.411, $R^2$=0.180), the physical health domain(${\beta}$=-2.806, $R^2$=0.089) and the total score (${\beta}$=-11.479, $R^2$=0.104). Conclusions: These results suggest that among the Vietnam War veterans, the QoL of the PTSD group is significantly lower than that of the non-PTSD group. Among the combat exposed veterans, PTSD may be one of the main reasons that affect the multiple domains of the QoL.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.34 no.1 s.102
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2004

In this study, we attempt to investigate the mechanisms by which PDL cells regulate osteoclast formation and also tc know whether PDL retained their characteristic phenotype during tooth eruption and interdental separation. Rats were prepared at developmental days 21 (pre-root formation), 27(toot development), 34(advanced root formation/eruption) and at later times(adult rats). To induce severe resorption state of alveolar bone and tooth root, interdental separation with brass wire was performed between the lower first and second molars for 2 weeks in adult rats. Rat mandibles were demineralized and embedded in paraffin, and horizontal and frontal section were prepared for immuno-histochemical analysis using PDL-specific protein 22 (PDLs22), receptor activator of NFKB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) antibodies. 1. Root formation and eruption stage of tooth development. 1) PDLs22 immunolocalization was observed in tooth follicle/PDL cells and osteoblasts throught out the root formation and eruption stages of tooth development. 2) RANKL expression became stronger at eruption stage than root formation stage of tooth development. 3) Strong expression of OPG was detected in follice/PDL cells of toot formation stage but it was decreased with tooth eruption. 2. Interdental separation between lower first and second molar 1) Comparared to normal animal, multinucleated osteoclasts and odontoclasts were markedly induced in the alveolar bone and tooth root with PDL remodeling in hematoxylin-eosin section. 2) PDLs22 expression was decreased with interdental separation. 3) RANKL expression was Increased with interdental separation in PDL fibroblasts, osteoblasts, odontoclasts and it lacunae, resorting dentin, cementum and bone matrix. 4) OPG expression was slightly decreased in the PDL cells adjacent to the alveolar bone and root surface with interdental separation. These results suggested that during tooth eruption and tooth movement, RANKL and OPG in the periodontal tissues are important determinants regulating balanced alveolar bone and tooth root resorption. And it is also suggested that PDL cells retained their characteristic phenotype during tooth eruption and interdental separation except for the short period of PDL remodeling.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.159-162
• /
• 2006

This study examined the relationship between the quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. related to dental caries and the degree of acidity in saliva. A total of 240 saliva samples were taken from 80 subjects at the faculty of dentistry in Skopje, Macedonia. The saliva samples were taken by stimulating saliva production stimulation with paraffin chewing. However, no stimulation was applied when obtaining the samples used for measuring the pH. The data showed that in the caries group, S. mutans in 1 ml of saliva formed colonies with confluent growth (CFU > $10^6$ and $10^4-10^5$) in 100% of samples, whereas the Lactobacillus spp. formed colonies with confluent growth in 78.3%. In contrast, no colonies with confluent growth (CFU > $10^6$ and $10^5$) were found in the control group (with healthy intact teeth). In the caries group, the pH of the saliva was slightly acidic (pH = 5.90 - 6.50) and the buffering capacity was very low (below 0.7 ml of saliva per min). On the other hand, the pH of the saliva in the control group was neutral (pH 7.01 - 7.7) and the buffering capacity was high (over 1 ml of saliva per min). The increased number of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. in 1 ml of saliva (above $10^5$ CFU or more) from the CRT (Caries Risk Test, Vivadent, Liechtenstein) bacteria test can indicate an increased caries risk as well as slightly higher acidity of the saliva. Overall, these results reveal that the caries risk can be predicted by simply measuring the pH and buffering capacity of saliva, and can be used to monitor the effect of dental hygiene practices with the aim of preventing dental caries.