• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.654-676
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• 2012

This study aims to develop an ecoregion classification using a multi-hierarchy of environmental factors for spatial patterns in the capacities and potentials of ecological systems in mountain regions. To achieve the objectives, we describe the spatial distribution of environmental factors and identify the multi-hierarchy of these factors using spatial statistics. Lastly, we assess ecosystem-units using both a forest type map (yung & kung) and a forest soil map in order to present a ecoregion classification. This study was performed at a $1,168km^2$ area in Gangwon-do, Korea. Sedimentary rocks, particularly limestone (36.6%) exist in high proportions in the research area. While higher mountains are present in the north and central Korean peninsula, plain areas show large proportions along Odae and Pyeongchang river. In a multi-hierarchy, geology and elevation are identified as upper levels and landform classification (surface curvature, upslope area) is considered as a lower level. 'Geology+elevation+landform' shows equally higher ${\chi}^2$ values than that of other classifications and we map ecoregions based on this result. Uniqueness of environmental characteristics in the research area such as high proportions of sedimentary rocks and higher elevations influences our ecoregion classification. We are looking forward to considering this study as an effective approach to integrating various ecological themes for mountain ecosystem management.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.256-264
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• 2020

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) is exploited to achieve various objectives such as improving productivity and reducing cost in the diversity of industrial application, and it has requirements such as low-delay and high reliability packet transmission. To accomplish the requirement, the network manager performs graph construction and resource allocation about network topology, and determines the transmission cycle and path of each node in advance. However, this network management scheme cannot treat mobile devices that cause continuous topology changes because graph reconstruction and resource reallocation should be performed as network topology changes. That is, despite the growing need of mobile devices in many industries, existing scheme cannot adequately respond to path failure caused by movement of mobile device and packet loss in the process of path recovery. To solve this problem, a network management scheme is required to prevent packet loss caused by mobile devices. Thus, we analyse the location and movement cycle of mobile devices over time using machine learning for predicting the mobility pattern. In the proposed scheme, the network manager could prevent the problems caused by mobile devices through performing graph construction and resource allocation for the predicted network topology based on the movement pattern. Performance evaluation results show a prediction rate of about 86% compared with actual movement pattern, and a higher packet delivery ratio and a lower resource share compared to existing scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.509-523
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• 2016

The soil prediction can provide quantitative soil information for sustainable mountainous ecosystem management. Visible near infrared spectroscopy, one of soil prediction methods, has been applied to predict several soil properties with effective costs, rapid and nondesctructive analysis, and satisfactory accuracy. Spectral preprocessing is a essential procedure to correct noisy spectra for visible near infrared spectroscopy. However, there are no attempts to evaluate various spectral preprocessing methods. We tested 5 different pretreatments, namely continuum removal, Savitzky-Golay filter, discrete wavelet transform, 1st derivative, and 2nd derivative to predict soil carbon(C) and nitrogen(N). Partial least squares regression was used for the prediction method. The total of 153 soil samples was split into 122 samples for calibration and 31 samples for validation. In the all range, absorption was increased with increasing C contents. Specifically, the visible region (650nm and 700nm) showed high values of the correlation coefficient with soil C and N contents. For spectral preprocessing methods, continuum removal had the highest prediction accuracy(Root Mean Square Error) for C(9.53mg/g) and N(0.79mg/g). Therefore, continuum removal was selected as the best preprocessing method. Additionally, there were no distinct differences between Savitzky-Golay filter and discrete wavelet transform for visual assessment and the methods showed similar validation results. According to the results, we also recommended Savitzky-Golay filter that is a simple pre-treatment with continuum removal.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.8 s.169
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• pp.637-644
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• 2006

In this study, the analysis of river naturalness and water quality were executed in the major rivers of the Nakdong River Basin. As a result, the assessment index of the General Evaluation was 1.428 to 4.107 as $1^{st}$ to $4^{th}$ grades. The River Shape was 1.929 to 4.429 as $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ grades and the River Environment was 1.774 to 3.643 as $1^{st}$ to $4^{th}$ grades. As well, evaluation of water quality showed that concentration of pH was 7.102 to 8.497 mg/l, BOD was 0.748 to 5.271 mg/l, DO was 5.077 to 12.335 mg/l and 55 was 3.658 to 19.960 mg/l. The correlation between river naturalness and water quality was analyzed to investigate similarity and independence of river naturalness evaluation index. It was shown that coefficient of correlation was low with value of -0.1503 to -0.5886, therefore, was evaluated as independent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2001

원료의 저급화와 공정의 폐쇄화가 급속히 진행되고 있는 현재의 국내 제지산업 현황을 고려할 때 고품질의 제품을 저렴하게 생산하기 위해서는 화학첨가제의 효과적 활용기술 확립과 이를 통한 초지공정 wet end의 성공적 제어기술이 요청된다. 특히 환경보전과 환 경관련 규제에 부응하기 위하여 초지공정의 무방류화가 점차 가속화되고 있는 현 시점에 서 wet end의 효율적 관리를 위해서는 그 동안 개방형 wet end에서 적용되던 개념의 공 정관리의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 기술 개발이 필요하다. 공정의 폐쇄화에 따른 습부화학적 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 백수의 재활용에 따른 지료 화학적 특성을 평가하고 고분자전해질의 거동을 분석해야 한다. 보류향상제 혹은 탈수촉 진제로서 첨가된 고분자전해질은 그 기능을 수행하기 위해서는 섬유에 흡착이 이루어져 야 하므로 백수로 제조된 지료 내에서 고분자전해질의 흡착 특성을 파악하는 것은 습부에 서 일어나는 현상들에 대한 이해 및 효율적인 공정제어를 위한 첫 단계라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 실험실적으로 제조된 백수를 이용하여 조성된 지료 내에서 양이온성 구 아 검의 흡착현상을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 폐쇄화의 기준으로 폐쇄화 정도(Level of C Closure ; LC)에 따라 실험을 수행하였다. 여기에서 LC란 총 사용된 물의 양에 대한 지료조성 시 사용되는 백수의 양을 백분율로 나타낸 것이다. 양이온성 구아 검의 흡착을 평가하기 위해 PhenoVsulfuric acid spectrophotometric method를 이용하여 펄프 슬 러리 상등액에 존재하는 미흡착된 양이온성 구아 검의 함량을 측정하였고. 양이온성 구아 검 이 섬유상에 흡착하였을 때 나타나는 섬유의 S-potential 변화와 펄프 상등액의 양이 온 요구량 변화를 평가하였으며 이들의 상관관계를 분석하였다.축력으로 변형시키는데 비해 도침은 단순히 압축 압력만을 종이에 가하는 것이 다르다고 볼 수 있는데, 라 이너지와 백상지가 같은 조건하에서 왜 이러한 큰 차이를 보이는 이유를 아직 알수 없다.해 동일한 공정 데이터들올 이용하여 보편적으로 사용하는 통계기법 중의 하나인 주성분회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주성분 분석은 여러 개의 반응변수에 대하여 얻어진 다변량 자료의 다차원적인 변 수들을 축소, 요약하는 차원의 단순화와 더불어 서로 상관되어있는 반응변수들 상호간 의 복잡한 구조를 분석하는 기법이다. 본 발표에서는 공정 자료를 활용하여 인공신경망 과 주성분분석을 통해 공정 트러블의 발생에 영향 하는 인자들을 보다 현실적으로 추 정하고, 그 대책을 모색함으로써 이를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 소개하고자 한다.금 빛 용사 둥과 같은 표면처리를 할 경우임의 소재 표면에 도금 및 용 사에 용이한 재료를 오버레이용접시킨 후 표면처리를 함으로써 보다 고품질의 표면층을 얻기위한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 국내, 외의 오버레이 용접기술의 적용현황 및 대표적인 적용사례, 오버레이 용접기술 및 용접재료의 개발현황 둥을 중심으로 살펴봄으로서 아직 국내에서는 널리 알려지지 않은 본 기 술의 활용을 넓이고자 한다. within minimum time from beginning of the shutdown.및 12.36%, $101{\sim}200$일의 경우 12.78% 및 12.44%, 201일 이상의 경우 13.17% 및 11.30%로 201일 이상의 유기의 경우에만 대조구와 삭제 구간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 나타내었다.는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.68-81
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• 2014

This study aims to apply and evaluate the automatic DAD analysis method, which is able to establish the depth-area relationship more efficiently and accurately for point-to-areal rainfall conversion. First, the proposed automatic DAD analysis method tracks the expansion route of area from the storm center, and it is divided into Box-tracking, Point-tracking, Advanced point-tracking according to tracking method. After applying the proposed methods to 10 events occurred in Yongdam-watershed area, we confirmed that the Advanced point-tracking method makes it possible to estimate the maximum average areal rainfal(MAAR) more accurately with consideration of the storm movement and the multi-centered storm. In addition, Advanced point-tracking could reduce the errors of the estimated MAAR induced by increasing the area because it can estimate MAAR for each storm center and compare them at the same time. Finally, the DAD curve for the study area could be derived based on the DAD analysis of the selected 10 events.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.277-289
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of the vertical pin opening of dentures processed by the conventional compression method & the injection-processing method. The articulating ribbon and T-Scan system were used to determine the changes in tooth contacts and the correlation between the changes in tooth contacts and the amount of the vertical pin opening after processing was analyzed statistically. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The amounts of the vertical pin opening were 0.75mm, 0.31mm for conventional compression method and injection-pressing method, respectively. The difference between the two methods was highly significant on the basis of t test statistics(p<0.05). 2. The total number of contact points recorded by articulating ribbon after processing was decreased to 48%, 72%, of that before processing for conventional compression method and injection-pressing method, by T-Scan system, 39%, 53%, respectively. 3. The mean values for the number of contacts points per tooth recorded by articulating ribbon after processing were 1.6 for the second molar, 2.2 for the first moalr, 0.4 for the second premolar, 0.6 for the first premolar in conventional compression method, and 2, 3.2, 1.2, 0.8 in injection-pressing method. 4. The correlation between the reduction of contact points and the amount of the pin opening after processing was not significant. 5. The mean values for the number of contact points per tooth recorded by T-Scan system after processing were 1.25, 1.4, 0.7, and 0.55 at the second molar, the first molar, the second premolar, and the first premolar in conventional compression method, and 1.45, 2.1, 1.0, 0.75 in injection method, respectively. 6. The correlation between the number of contact points by using articulating ribbon and T-Scan system after processing was not significant in both methods.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2002

The Fourier transform arteriography (FTA) exploits the periodic variation of arterial flow velociety of arterial flow velocity in stnchronized with cardiac cycles. This technique is intrinsically unique compared to other modern techniques. This technique separates the arteries from the veins using the pulsatile arterial flow without using the presaturation RF pulses. Therefore, it has less RF deposition and is free from the dark band artifacts that can arise from retrograde flow and curved arteries. Furthermore, it is free from the artifacts induced by eddy currents. However, there are some drawbacks such as a single projection view and the saturation of arteries at the end of an imaging slab. These drawbacks are circumvented by applying recently developed techniques. The fast gradient switching capability of modern MRI systems enabled us to incorporate dual projection views into the conventional FTA sequence without increasing the repetition time. In addition, signals from the distal arteries were enhanced by use of a ramped RF pulse and therefore the distal arteries were less saturated. By use of the FTA sequence with dual projection views and the ramped RF pulse, we acquired the sagittal and coronal projection views of femoral arteriograms simultaneously with more enhanced signals of distal arteries than the conventional FTA.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.329-332
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of grafting timing, rootstock cut timing and leaf removal with promalin ($GA_{4+7}+BA$) treatments on the maiden tree growth, lateral development and flower bud initiation. In mid-March 1997, two-year-old M.9-T337 rootstocks selected with trunk diameter over 1 cm were planted in the field. Chip budding with 'Fuji' scion on M.9-T337 rootstock budded in mid-April was earlier in sprouting than chip budding in mid-June. Late cutting chip budding (LCCB) with 'Fuji' scion on M.9-T337 rootstock was lower in the failed budding percentage with 14% than that of early cutting chip budding (ECCB). Especially, ECCB in April was not suitable for scion growth such as uniformity with high percentage of failed tree. Grafting timing in mid-June and rootstock cutting timing of LCCB induced more branches and flower buds than other treatments. Removal of 8 to 10 uppermost immature leaves on central leader stem and application of Promalin 250 mg/L after every 30 cm of terminal growth produced a 189 cm tall tree with 9 flower buds and 14.2 short lateral shoot from 30 to 35 cm long in length in 1998. Promalin increased branching on second-season growth and, when combined with leaf removal, resulted in uniform distribution of branches along the central leader stem.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.579-591
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• 1999

The operation of a reservoir system is necessary for establishing the operation rule as well as designing the reservoirs for water resources planning or management. Increasingly complex water resource systems require more advanced operation techniques. As a result, various techniques have been introduced and applied until now. In this study Linear Tracking model based on optimal control theory is applied to the operation of the largest scale multi-reservoir system in the Han river and its applicability proved. This system normally supplies the water resources required downstream for hydro-power and plays a role in satisfying the water demand of the Capital region. For the optimal use of the water resources the Linear Tracking model is designed with the objective to maximize the hydro-power energy subject to the water supply demand. The multi-reservoir system includes the seven main reservoirs in IIan river such as Hwachon, Soyanggang, Chunchon, Uiam, Cheongpyong, Chungju and Paldang. These reservoirs have been monthly operated for the past 21 years. Operation results are analyzed with respect to both hydro"power energy and water supply. Additionally the efficiency of the technique is assessed.sessed.