• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

This research is about spawning behavior and morphological development of the eggs and larvae of fringed blenny which lives in Korean sea. It helps to find out the relation between fringed blenny larvae and other stichaeidae larva. Moreover, it is going to use for the basic data of taxonomical research. There were 8 mother fishes (total length 31.8~34.0 cm, average $32.9{\pm}0.21cm$), which were captured from the cost of Sindeok-dong, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do from December, 2010. we used trap to capture them. Mother fishes were brought to glass aquarium ($50{\times}30{\times}35cm$) and nurtured with recirculate rearing system. Breeding water temperature was $12.3{\sim}15.8^{\circ}C$ (average $14.1{\pm}2.47$) and salinity was 32.5~33.5‰ (average $33.0{\pm}0.05$‰). fertilized egg was round, opaque demersal egg. The size was 1.81~2.19 mm (average $2.00{\pm}0.27mm$, n=50). Incubation was begun after 271 hours and 30 minutes from fertilization. It started with piercing the egg membrane. prelarvae had length of 8.45~8.84 mm (average $8.65{\pm}0.28mm$, n=5) right after the incubation, and both mouth and anus were opened. After 11 days from the incubation, postlarvae had length of 10.5~11.3 mm (average $10.9{\pm}0.57mm$), and the number of myotomes was increased to 66.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2015

While the macroscopic properties and eruption style of basaltic and phonolitic melts are different, the microscopic origins including atomic structures are not well understood. Here we report the atomic structure differences of glass in diopside-anorthite eutectic composition (basaltic glass) and phonolitic glass using high-resolution 1D and 2D solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR spectra for basaltic glass and phonolitic glass show that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Al for basaltic glass is about twice than phonolitic glass, suggesting the topological disorder of basaltic magma is larger than that of phonolitic magma. The $^{27}Al$ 3QMAS NMR spectra for basaltic glass and phonolite glass show much improved resolution than the 1D MAS NMR, resolving Al and Al. Approximately 3.3% of Al is observed for basaltic glass, demonstrating the configurational disorder of basaltic magma is larger than phonolitic magma. This result confirms that the topological disorder of Al in basaltic glass is larger than that of phonolitic glass. The observed structural differences between basaltic glass and phonolitic glass can provide an atomistic origin for change of the macroscopic properties with composition including viscosity.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2020

As customers' irrational, rude behaviors are often covered by media recently, the issue is becoming a more serious social issue. Workers' stress in the service industry is very severe because they have to face and interact with customers with rude behaviors in-person due to the nature of the job. As a result of customers' rude behaviors, workers even desire to leave their organization because they feel doubts about their job and have negative emotions such as unpleasantness, depression, and fear. Considering that customers' rude behaviors directly impact service industry workers' ability to offer proper service, it is necessary to have appropriate measures against their rude behaviors. This research examined the impact of customers' rude behaviors on service industry workers' emotional dissonance, its impact on job stress, and the impact of job stress on organizational deviance, life violations and creativity. The study also analyzed the moderating effects of stress management education in emotional dissonance and job stress relationship to device ways to manage job stress more positively. To collect data, the study conducted a survey on medical service workers in the customer service sector of large general hospitals and small or medium-sized hospitals in Busan, and the results were as follows. First, rude behaviors had a significant positive(+) effect on emotional dissonance, which had a significant positive(+) effect on job stress. Third, job stress had a significant positive(+) effect on both organizational deviance an life violations. Fourth, job stress had a negative(-) significant effect on creativity. Fifth, there was no moderating effect of stress management education in the relationship between emotional dissonance and job stress.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.31-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify determinants of economic aid regarding housing and cost of living for the newly-married households. This study applied the binary logit model to figure out the determinants of economic aid from their parents for the households. With utilizing the Newly-Married Housing Survey data in 2015, this study found that housing characteristics and level of housing expenditure leads to the economic aid from their parents. In particular, the housing price and transportation condition increase probability the financial aid from parents when the newly-married household starts their housing career. In addition, this study found that the items of housing expenditure increase the probability of economic aid for their cost of living. To improve the independence of newly-married household, the government should adopt the housing policy for stable housing price and alleviate the burden of housing expenditure. The significance of this study is analyzing the economic aid from their parents on newly-married household regarding housing economic issues and suggest the policy for independence of living from their parents.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2015

This study carried out a topographic survey at a small-scale open-pit limestone mine in Korea (the Daesung MDI Seoggyo office) using a popular rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, Drone, DJI Phantom2 Vision+). 89 sheets of aerial photos could be obtained as a result of performing an automatic flight for 30 minutes under conditions of 100m altitude and 3m/s speed. A total of 34 million cloud points with X, Y, Z-coordinates was extracted from the aerial photos after data processing for correction and matching, then an orthomosaic image and digital surface model with 5m grid spacing could be generated. A comparison of the X, Y, Z-coordinates of 5 ground control points measured by differential global positioning system and those determined by UAV photogrammetry revealed that the root mean squared errors of X, Y, Z-coordinates were around 10cm. Therefore, it is expected that the popular rotary-wing UAV photogrammetry can be effectively utilized in small-scale open-pit mines as a technology that is able to replace or supplement existing topographic surveying equipments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification means that nitrification and denitrification occur concurrently in the same reaction vessel under low DO concentration. Some mathematical models developed to simulate simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction, but they have the complex model structures or have limitations of model application. To solve these problems, if possible that predict the behavior of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction by activated sludge model, structures of the model is less complex than previous models and applies the various operation conditions. But original activated sludge models have difficulties in representing the denitrification reaction under aerobic condition. So the aim of this study is to interpret simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction by modifying activated sludge model. Original activated sludge model No.1(ASM1) was selected and modified. The simulation result in modified ASM1 predicted appropriately for the measured data. This indicates the structures of ASM1 are properly improved for interpretation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

The formed acrylamide in many fried and baked starchy foods is in consequence of its formation during frying and preparation methods. Being acrylamide established to be a toxic substance, the implications to public health from amounts found in food are not clear. So this study was carried out to investigate the contents of acrylamide of French fries and snacks in addition to acrylamide formation in relation to water and lipid in foods. The raw materials of foods used in the experiments were wheat, potato, com and rice. The preparation of foods was modified in a little to raise the recovery ratio and contents of water and lipid were analyzed to the public food method. The contents of acrylamide were measured by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The average level of acrylamide produced in snacks is $236{\pm}322$ ppb and potato snacks came out the highest value at $521{\pm}403$ ppb in 104 snacks. The formation of acrylamide in fried food was found to depends on the composition of raw material not on water and lipid contents in food and not on storage period and temperature.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1984

The unsaponifiable from rice bran oil was fractionated into 4-desmethyl-'4-monomethyl- and 4, 4-dimethylsterol (triterpene alcohol) fraction by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and sterol composition of the each fraction was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The sterol peaks not well separated by GLC were further fractionated by $AgNO_3-TLC$, then analyzed using GLC. Each components in the three sterol fractions were identified by GLC and gas chromatography-maps spectrometry. As the results, ten sterols were confirmed as 4-desmethylsterol, nine as 4-monomethylsterol and four as 4, 4-dimethylsterol. Such uncommon phytosterols in higher plants as fucosterol, 24-ethyllophenol, 4${\alpha}$-methylstigmasta-7, 25-dienol and 28-isocitrostadienol were detected in rice bran oil and the biosynthetic pathways of the phytosterols were deduced with all the identified sterols.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.688-695
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• 2015

Purpose: The institutionalized elderly have placed the most vulnerable state, and the report about the oral health status of the institutionalized elderly was scarce. The aims of the current study were to investigate the oral health status of institutionalized elderly. Materials and methods: The survey of the oral health status was carried out on 487 institutionalized elderly from 4 longterm care facilities of Seoul metropolitan city, Gyunggi province, and Gangwon province in Korea. Results: The prevalence of dental caries, root caries, and dental calculus of the institutionalized elderly was 19.2%, 15.3%, and 23.7%, respectively. The percentage of edentulism among the institutionalized elderly was 26.2%. Those who had poor oral hygiene and tongue coating were 43.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The percentages wearing complete and removable partial denture on maxilla were 12.8% and 3.3%, respectively. The percentages wearing complete and removable partial denture on mandible were 7.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The percentages of institutionalized elderly needing complete and removable partial denture on maxilla were 29.7% and 27.2%, respectively. The percentages of institutionalized elderly needing complete and removable partial denture on mandible were 24.5% and 30.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The oral health stuatus of institutionalized elderly was poor. For the oral health promotion of elderly in longterm care facilities, it is essential to educate nurses and caregivers about the importance of the oral health and oral hygiene method.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of a instrumental activities of daily living training program called grocery shopping for schizophrenic patients in Delphi. Methods : The final program items and contents were completed through the first and third delphi surveys from August 2018 to March 2019. The expert composition selected 26 occupational therapists related to mental health. Three surveys were conducted and 23 experts participated in the Delphi survey. The second questionnaire, which was created from an open questionnaire, was designed to indicate the degree of importance using the Likert 5-point scale. As a result of the response of the 3rd questionnaire, the level of expert consensus was reconfirmed by analyzing average, standard deviation, and content validity ratio (CVR). Results : Three rounds of Delphi research reveal four categories of questions: grocery shopping views, product purchase strategies, necessary functions, and expert knowledge and experience on how to make purchase decisions. 24 items were selected. Through the 2nd and 3rd Delphi surveys, 4 items that did not meet the criteria of goodness of fit of each item or duplicated the contents were deleted and finally 20 items were extracted. Conclusion : Experts' agreement on grocery shopping technology was drawn from an occupational therapy perspective so that patients with schizophrenia living in the community could recover and participate as a member of society.