• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.8
• /
• pp.797-808
• /
• 2008

This study has been carried out to obtain information related to food habits and snacking behaviors including health related behaviors. The subjects were 300 middle school students (144 boys and 156 girls). The results were as follows: Average height and weight of boys were 162.3 cm and 54.1 kg respectively. Those of girls were 159.8 cm and 49.0 kg respectively. 59.0% of the subjects of the subjects had 10,000-30,000 won as monthly allowances and their subjective health condition was good (55.7%). In the regularity of meal, 47.0% of the subjects had twice a day, the main reason for skipping meal was insufficient time to eat due to oversleep (54.3%). Most of the subjects (75.0%) had a prejudice in food selection because of a bad taste. 62.0% of the subjects ate snack between meals more than three times a week, because they were hungry, good taste and habitual. The criteria of choosing snack were taste, nutrition and quality of food. Food as snacks they frequently had fruits, milk and milk products, cookies, chocolate in order. Boys had more french fries than girls, girls had more fruits, cookies and chocolate than boys. Average food habit score of boys (49.27 ${\pm}$ 7.53) was higher than that of girls (48.54 ${\pm}$ 7.81). The group who had a higher food habit score, they had more fruits and less soft drink as snacks, lower BMI, and also less monthly allowance than the group who had a lower food habit score. This study may provide basic information on eating habits of middle school students, suggests that nutrition education or counseling can improve food habits and develop positive behaviors toward healthy diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.624-644
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study analyzed iodine intake by establishing an iodine database of general Korean foods eaten by Korean adults based on the data from the 1998 ~ 2014 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Methods: Data on 56,818 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and a 24-hour dietary recall survey. Iodine intake of subjects was analyzed according to general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, food groups, and cooking method. Results: An iodine database was established for 312 food items. The mean iodine intake of Korean adults decreased from $641.6{\mu}g$ in 1998 to $236.2{\mu}g$ in 2014 per day. Iodine intake of women was higher than that of men. For age distribution, those aged 30 ~ 49 years constituted more than 39 ~ 46% of subjects by survey year. Regarding iodine intake according to dietary lifestyle, the highest iodine intake was 29.4 ~ 34.4% for lunch while that of breakfast decreased. The highest iodine contribution by food group was seaweed such as kelp, sea mustard, and laver. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that iodine intake of Korean adults has been decreasing, and iodine intake is associated with the prevalence of thyroid disease. This study provides basic data for the estimation of iodine intake in Korean adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 2013

GIS-based web map service is all the more accessible to the public. Among others, location query services are most frequently utilized, which are currently restricted to only one keyword search. Although there increases the demand for the service for querying multiple keywords corresponding to sequential activities(banking, having lunch, watching movie, and other activities) in various locations POI, such service is yet to be provided. The objective of the paper is to develop the k-IPS algorithm for quickly and accurately querying multiple POIs that internet users input and locating the search outcomes on a web map. The algorithm is developed by utilizing hierarchical tree structure of $R^*$-tree indexing technique to produce overlapped geometric regions. By using recursive $R^*$-tree index based spatial join process, the performance of the current spatial join operation was improved. The performance of the algorithm is tested by applying 2, 3, and 4 multiple POIs for spatial query selected from 159 keyword set. About 90% of the test outcomes are produced within 0.1 second. The algorithm proposed in this paper is expected to be utilized for providing a variety of location-based query services, of which demand increases to conveniently support for citizens' daily activities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.9
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of natural tooth whitening using fruits that can be easily accessed in real life by increasing interest in tooth whitening in modern society. Twenty premolar teeth were divided into five groups (n=4). Strawberry (A), lemon (B), banana skin (C), baking soda (D) and whitening toothpaste (E) were treated with a toothbrush on the enamel surface. The tooth surface was treated with a toothbrush at the same time for 3 minutes for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, then washed with sterile distilled water, and stored in saline solution. This procedure was repeated for 4 weeks, and the color change of teeth was observed at intervals of one week. After 4 weeks, there was a significant difference in tooth color change after 3 weeks(p<0.05). Among them, strawberry and lemon showed higer effects to whitening toothpaste. It is believed that strawberries and lemons have a higher whitening effect than whitening toothpaste. Whitening toothpaste may be replaced with a safe natural whitening effect using strawberries and lemons instead of chemical ingredients that may be harmful to human body.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.229-241
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was attempted to identify the demographic characteristics, depression, and dietary quality of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the difference in food quality according to these variables. Methods: The subjects of the study were 216 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes over the age of 65 visiting elderly welfare centers and senior citizens' centers in G city and H districts. Data were collected from December 2020 to July 2021. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 program. Results: There were significant differences in dietary quality according to the subject's gender, education level, residential area, spouse or not, family living together or not, subject of meal preparation, calorie requirement recognition or not, exercise practice for diabetes management or not, and depression. Depression and Fasting Blood Sugar management were important influencing factors on dietary quality, and Residence and Gender were also verified as influencing factors. Conclusions: The results of this study can be provided as basic data to establish a program to improve the quality of meals for diabetic elderly patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.346-356
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the daily physical activity level, energy expenditure, energy balance, and body composition and their relationship with university students. The participants were 130 male students ($19.5{\pm}0.5$ yrs) and 139 female students ($19.5{\pm}0.3$ yrs) at a university in Chungnam province. Physical activity level was evaluated by an equation based on 24 hr-activity record and dietary nutrient intake was evaluated using the food record method during a three-day period consisting of two week days and one weekend. Body composition was measured using Inbody 430 (Biospace Co., Cheonan, Korea). As a result, mean body mass index (BMI) of subjects indicated that they had normal weight, however mean body fat ratio was $19.1{\pm}5.4%$ for males and $28.4{\pm}5.0%$ for females, indicating that they had higher than normal weight. Daily mean physical activity level was 1.55 for males and 1.47 for females, which was regarded as 'low active', respectively. Females had more light activity than males (p<0.01). Daily mean energy expenditure was $2,803.5{\pm}788.9$ kcal/d for males and $1,915.4{\pm}510.2$ kcal/d for females (p<0.001). Daily mean dietary energy intake was $2,327.0{\pm}562.5$ kcal/d for males and $1,802.1{\pm}523.6/d$ for females (p<0.001), and daily mean energy balance was $-476.5{\pm}955.9$ kcal/d for males and $-113.3{\pm}728.1$ kcal/d for females (p<0.01). Daily mean dietary intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals, except Ca, satisfied recommended nutrient intake. Daily energy expenditure was positively related to body weight (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), and fat free mass ratio (p<0.05), but was negatively related to body fat ratio (p<0.01). In conclusion, subjects had a negative energy balance and low physical activity. They had a normal weight by BMI but had a more fat than normal weight by body fat ratio. This appears to be related to their low physical activity. Thus, nutrition education should be provided for university students in order to increase their physical activity for maintenance of normal weight by body composition and health promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior, food preference and nutrition knowledge according to the body style of male college students. The subjects were 219 male students enrolled in University, Taegu. The data was collected by using a survey questionnaire and an anthropometric measurement. The results were summarized as follows: The mean height, weight and BMI of subjects were $173.8{\pm}8.7cm,\;65.8{\pm}7.9Kg,\;and\;21.9{\pm}2.4$, respectively. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the BMI: underweight group(<20); normal group(20-25); and overweight group(>25). One third of the subjects preferred to gain weight(33.8%); 47 subjects preferred to lose weight(21.5%); and the rest of the subjects satisfied their physique(44.7%). Most of subjects considered 'supper' as the most important meal during a day. Among the food items, the most frequently and evenly ingested item by subjects was 'Kimchi' : 'Ham and sausage' was the least preferred food among subjects. There was no significant difference in preference among three groups and almost half of the subjects had irregular meal time because of busy schedule. The preference for meat showed high score among underweight group; on the other hand, the preference for fruits and vegetables showed high score among overweight group. Usually subjects gained nutrition knowledge through media including newspaper, magazine and TV. There was no significant difference of the nutrition knowledge score among three groups. Based on these results, nutrition education program for the college student should be arranged in the classes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.978-985
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol drinking on dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes among the university male students. The subjects were divided three group; no-alcohol group(n=83), alcohol group(n=78), and high-alcohol group(n=78).And they were observed general characteristics, life style, eating pattern, food frequency and nutrient intake using questionnaires. The mean age, height, weight and BMI of the subjects were 25.8$\pm$6.1 years old 171.5$\pm$5.4 cm, 63.4$\pm$9.7 kg and 2.3$\pm$2.8/kg/$m^2$, respectively. The types of residence and person who prepares meals were significantly different among the groups: the frequency of self-boarding and preparing meals oneself in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups. The frequency of physical exercise and cigarette smoking in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups. There were no significant differences in skipping meals among three groups. However, the most common reson why high-alcohol group skipped meals was due to a eating habit, while a lack of time in other two groups. The results show that the high-alcohol group tended to eat more often instant ramien, soybean sprout, anchovy, and coffee compared to the other two groups. The energy intakes in alcohol and high-alcohol groups were lower than those in no-alcohol group. In conclusion, high-alcohol students have unhealthy dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of cigarette smoking, eating habit of skipping meals and instant foods, and therefore showing a strong need of proper education in alcohol withdrawal and meal management for them.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.141-164
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress perception, dietary habits, lifestyle and snack intake behaviors of students to help dietary education of high school students in Jeonnam area. The data were collected from high school students in Jeonnam area and 503 questionnaires were used for analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the mean scores of high school students' perception of stress were 2.92 points for male students and 3.07 points for female students, and female students were statistically significantly higher than male students(p<.01). Stress perceptions showed significant differences in school stress(p<.001) and family stress(p<.05) according to gender, and female students gained more stressed than male students. Second, the dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of high school students by gender showed significant difference between male students and female students at the one meal time(p<.001), the amount of meal(p<.05), the tendency of eating habits(p<.001), the salty taste of food(p<.05), the exercise frequency per week(p<.001) and the exercise time per day(p<.001), respectively. One meal time was shorter for male students than for female students, and the amount of meals was more suitable amount for female students than male students. Also, male students ate more regularly than female students and female students preferred more stimulating foods than male students. Male students ate slightly bland salty taste, and female students ate standard salty taste. The exercise frequency per week and the exercise time per day were more in male students than in female students. Third, the snack intake characteristics of high school students by gender showed significantly different between male students and female students at the cost of snack per day(p<.01), the time to eat snacks(p<.01) and the favorite snacks(p<.001), respectively. The cost of snack per day was higher for female students than for male students in case of less than 4,000 won. The time for eating snack showed that 'Irregularly' was high for male students and 'In the evening after lunch' was high for female students. The favorite snacks were cookies, candies and chocolates for male and female students. Forth, the dietary habits and lifestyle characteristics of high school students by stress level showed significantly different at the frequency of daily meals(p<.05), the tendency of eating habits(p<.01) and the salty taste of food(p<.05), respectively. The frequency of daily meals was more than four times in case of the 'High stress' and 'Low stress' groups. The tendency of eating habit was low in regular meal rate in 'High stress' group. Fifth, the snack intake characteristics of high school students by stress level showed significantly different in the frequency of snacks per day(p<.05) and the favorite taste of snacks(p<.05). In case of the frequency of daily snack intake, 'More than 4 times' was highest in 'High stress' group and 'Low stress' group. The favorite taste of snacks showed that the spicy taste was highest in the 'High stress' group and the 'Low stress' group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 1998

This study was to investigate regularity of breakfast and food habits of commuting local college students. The regularly breakfast eating rate was found to be 32.9% in man and 26.5% in woman. The mean score of food habits was pretty low, 36.7 out of minimum possible score 12 and maximum 60. The mean score of nutrition attitude was 58.1 out of minimum possible score 18 and maximum 90. This survey showed that skipping breakfast or irregularity of breakfast led to overeating, high fat diet, lot of alcohol and imbalanced diet. It was known that breakfast was the most important among three meals. But having balanced breakfast daily was very difficult according to loss of appetite and busy schedule early in the morning. I suggested carbohydrate food, protein food, and vitamin & mineral food items desirable for nutritionally balanced, easily digestible, tasteful, quick and easily cooking breakfast menu. It was recommended to choose on item out of each of three food categories considering calory(1/3 of daily recommended calory intake for breakfast).