Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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An iodine database establishment and iodine intake in Korean adults: Based on the 1998~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

요오드 DB 구축 및 한국 성인의 요오드 섭취 추이 분석 : 1998~2014 국민건강영양 조사 데이터를 이용하여

  • 고유미 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의학영양학과) ;
  • 권용석 ;
  • 박유경 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의학영양학과)
  • Received : 2017.09.13
  • Accepted : 2017.11.28
  • Published : 2017.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study analyzed iodine intake by establishing an iodine database of general Korean foods eaten by Korean adults based on the data from the 1998 ~ 2014 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Methods: Data on 56,818 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and a 24-hour dietary recall survey. Iodine intake of subjects was analyzed according to general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, food groups, and cooking method. Results: An iodine database was established for 312 food items. The mean iodine intake of Korean adults decreased from $641.6{\mu}g$ in 1998 to $236.2{\mu}g$ in 2014 per day. Iodine intake of women was higher than that of men. For age distribution, those aged 30 ~ 49 years constituted more than 39 ~ 46% of subjects by survey year. Regarding iodine intake according to dietary lifestyle, the highest iodine intake was 29.4 ~ 34.4% for lunch while that of breakfast decreased. The highest iodine contribution by food group was seaweed such as kelp, sea mustard, and laver. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that iodine intake of Korean adults has been decreasing, and iodine intake is associated with the prevalence of thyroid disease. This study provides basic data for the estimation of iodine intake in Korean adults.

본 연구는 우리나라와 일본의 식품성분표를 함께 이용하여 한국인 상용식품의 요오드 데이터베이스를 구축하였고, 1998년~ 2014년의 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 한국 성인의 요오드 섭취량 및 추이를 분석하였다. 조사대상자는 19세 이상 성인을 대상으로 하여 총 56,818명이며, 대상자의 일반적 사항, 식생활 관련 요인, 식품군, 식사제공 장소 등으로 나누어 요오드 섭취량을 분석하였다. 전체 요오드 섭취량은 1998년에서 2014년으로 갈수록 감소하는 추세를 나타냈다. 일반적 사항에서 남녀의 비율은 50% 내외로 비슷한 수준이었으며, 여성보다 남성의 요오드 섭취량이 높게 나타났다. 연령의 경우, 30 ~ 49세의 요오드 섭취비율이 39 ~ 46%로 가장 높았다. 식생활 관련 요인은 점심에 요오드 섭취비율이 1998년에서 2014년까지 29.4 ~ 34.4% 사이로 가장 높았다. 음식 제공장소 중 가정식에서 섭취하는 요오드 섭취량은 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 식품군에 따른 요오드 섭취량은 해조류가 가장 높게 나타났으며 음식제공 형태별 요오드 섭취량은 모든 연도에서 국 및 탕류가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 요오드 주요 급원 식품으로는 다시마가 가장 요오드 함유량이 많은 식품으로 조사되었고 그 외 카레소스를 제외하고 미역, 김 등의 해조류가 상위권을 차지하였다. 연구결과를 종합해보면 한국 성인의 요오드 섭취량은 적정 수준으로 나타났다. 하지만 요오드 섭취량의 경우에는 상한 섭취량 기준이 있는 미량 영양소인 만큼 섭취에 대한 지속적인 관심이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 요오드 섭취량 변화에 따른 갑상선 질환을 비롯한 다른 요오드 관련 질환이나 요인들과의 관련성을 살펴보기 위한 후속 연구들에 있어서 기초자료로 도움이 되길를 기대해본다.

Keywords

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