• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feed withdrawal time(FWT) before transport in farm(<2 hrs, 2~4 hrs, 4~6 hrs) and total feed withdrawal time(TFWT) before slaughter(<8 hrs, 8~12 hrs, >12 hrs) on carcass defects, grades and meat quality of broilers. FWT of 2~4 hrs before transport in the farm showed lower incidences of dead-on-arrival chicks(p<0.05) and bruising chicks, and a little higher incidences of 1st or 2nd carcass grade compared to shorter than 2 hrs or 4~6 hrs of FWT in the farm. In the meat quality of breast meat, FWT of 2~4 hrs in the farm tended to show higher pH and water holding capacity(WHC), and lower drip loss, cooking loss and shear force values compared to shorter than 2 hrs or 4~6 hrs of FWT in the farm. In the total microbial counts of breast meat during 7 days of cooler storage, FWT of 2~4 hrs in the farm showed significantly lower value than shorter than 2 hrs of FWT in the farm. In the carcass defects and grades by TFWT before slaughter, TFWT shorter than 8hrs showed lower(p<0.05) incidences of dead-on-arrival chicks and bruising chicks, and higher(p<0.05) incidences of 1st carcass grade than TFWT longer than 12 hrs before slaughter. In the meat quality of broiler breast meat, TFWT longer than 12hrs before slaughter showed lower(p<0.05) pH and WHC values, and a little higher drip loss, cooking loss and shear force values compared to TFWT shorter than 8 hrs or 8~12 hrs before slaughter. In the total microbial counts of broiler breast meat during 7 days of cooler storage, TFWT longer than 12 hrs before slaughter tended to show higher value than TFWT shorter than 8 hrs or 8~12 hrs before slaughter. As a result, 2~4 hrs of feed withdrawal time before transport in the farm and total feed withdrawal time shorter than 8hrs or 8~12hrs before slaughter could be recommended for the production of high quality broiler meat.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2004

This review is summarized the importance of feed withdrawal treatment before slaughter based on the related recent research literature. Practical feed withdrawal program is required to prevent from carcass contamination when broilers are slaughtered. The feed withdrawal is more important in countries where regulate the microbial contamination. The feed withdrawal treatment for broiler has also advantage to reduce the carcass contamination from intestinal tract at slaughtering plant. Most researches were conducted to focus on proving the feed withdrawal effect on the efficiency of slaughtering and processing, proper duration and safety of broiler carcass. However, it is pointed out that the feed withdrawal programs are different depending on the production capability, feeding and slaughtering methods, inspection regulation of each country.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.2 s.31
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• pp.93-100
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• 1977

This is the fist report on detailed aphid transnsmission studies of cruciferous virus in Korea, and experiments aimed to get basic informations for control of vectors. Aphid transmission of turnip mosaic virus prevalent on radish in the field was studied. Results obtained were as follows: 1. Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Aphis gossypii and Aphis craccivora were found to transmit turnip mosaic virus. 2. The proper time for turnip mosaic virus transmission by Myzus persicae was 1 hour of fasting, 3 minutes for acquisition, and 1 minute for inoculation: Lipaphis erysimi was 2 hours for fasting, 5 minutes for acquisition, and 3 miuutes for inoculation: while Aphis gossypii needed 1hour for fasting, and 3 minutes for each of the acquisition and inoculation periods. 3. There was Po great difference in probing patterns between nonfasted and fasted aphids for 2 hours. All the fasted aphids began feeding after 4 minutes, 4. When Myzus persicae were transferred artificially at 1-2 minute intervals, the number of probes with aphids fasted for 2 hours was much greater than that of nonfasted aphids. Aphids fasted for 2 hours mainly transmitted the virus before 4 minutes, with an acquisition feeing period of less than 3 minutes

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2015

Gamrosu is a modified fasting therapy beverage (431 kcal/d). A retrospective observational study was conducted to investigate the detoxification feasibility of Gamrosu. Three cases were reviewed which participants have finished the fasting with Garmrosu for 10 consecutive days. Detoxification profiles of Gamrosu were reviewed at pre- and post-fasting sessions. Post-Gamrosu session, -6.3% of average weight, -6.5% of average body fat mass and -6.6% of average muscle mass were reduced with the nutrition indices being improved. The inflammation indices showed the significant diminished profiles. Liver/kidney functions and the standard of electrolytes were maintained within normal range in stable manners, however, marginal elevation of total bilirubin and mild ketoacidosis were observed. The indices of oxidative stress decreased and those of antioxidative activity increased. The fatigue scale scores indicated lower scores except insomnia symptom. Taken together, detoxification profiles of Gamrosu were sufficiently feasible and the observed findings should be considered for further clinical studies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.333-337
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the effects of fasting on gut microbiota of mice fed normal (CTL) or high-fat diets (HF). Mice were raised for 16 weeks and fasted for a day at the end of the experiment. Fecal samples were collected one day before and after fasting, which were analyzed using MiSeq. Our results showed that the species richness and evenness were decreased in fasted HF group, whereas no difference was observed for CTL groups. Moreover, HF fed mice gut microbiota showed different microbial communities after fasting, while CTL groups did not show microbiota shifts. Differential abundance analysis showed that fasting CTL group mice increased and decreased one operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in S24_7 and one OTU in Ruminococcaceae, respectively. On the other hand, fasting HF group mice decreased 10 OTUs and increased 3 OTUs most of which were classified to Ruminococcaceae. Our results suggest that fasting mice may affect the abundance of Ruminococcaceae species and effects of fasting seem to be more obvious for HF-fed mice compared to those of mice fed CTL-diet.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 1993

In order to elucidate the effect of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA) on the changes of body weight and chemical compositions in the Korean rockfish during starvation, the fish were not fed for 9 weeks after fed different levels $(0\~1.5\%)$ of n-3 HUFA for 10 weeks. The higher level of n-3HUF A was contained in the diets, the slower body weight loss was resulted (P< 0.05). The decreasing rates of the body nutrients of the fish were significantly higher in the fish fed n-3HUF A deficient diets than those of the fish fed n-3 HUF A sufficient diets. Protein and lipid contents of the whole body were decreased with starvation whereas moisture content was increased. Decrease of lipid was mainly due to the decrease of nonpolar lipid. Amounts of polar lipid in the whole body were almost constant throughout the starvation, meaning not being affected by dietary n-3HUF A levels. Percentage of 22: 6n-3 was increased in the polar lipid fraction, but monoenic acids (16:1, 18:1), n-3 series (18:3, 18 4, 20:4) and n-6 series (20:2, 22:4, 22:5) were decreased with starvation. Fatty acid compositions of nonpolar lipid were not changed with starvation. These results suggest that all fatty acids of nonpolar lipid are equally utilized for energy during starvation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.17-30
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate consciousness on Korean traditional food and holiday foods of the elementary school dietitians, to provide the basic data for positive utilization of the traditional food and holiday foods in school food service. The survey was conducted from 239 elementary school dietitians in Jeonnam area. The used questionnaire consists of 7 questions on dietitians' general information, 3 questions on the importance of Korean traditional food, 6 questions on the succession and development of education on the traditional food. Data were analyzed by a SAS program and frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated from it. According to the survey, the preference of the tradition food was remarkable to the dietitians who were elderly and had worked for a long term. The degree of utilization about Korean traditional food was investigated once a month. Education of Korean traditional food intake was generally executed every 6 months. Then the way for that was utilized school home page or school bulletin board. Dietitians reply positively about providing Korean traditional food for the school food service. The reasons were the followings. to be able to flavor a taste of the Korean traditional food, to hand down Korean dietary customs and to help keep good health.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2016

Gamrosu was originally conceptualized from Jeho-tang, a selected thirst quencher of the kings in Chosun Dynasty and Saeng-Maek-san, a qi-vigorating summer beverage recommended by Dongeuibogam. It is a modified fasting therapy beverage which is manufactured from the single herbal medicines composed of those two prescriptions. This study was conducted on 6 obese patients with hypertension. A modified fasting therapy with Gamrosu was practised on them for 10 consecutive days. After the therapy, their average blood pressures were descended from 148/89 mmHg to 119/79 mmHg. The modified fasting therapy with Gamrosu is supposed to be more effective than general diet program or dietary sodium reduction on controlling hypertension. And, Gamrosu improves anti-hypertensive effect by reducing the side effects, such as fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, heartburn, nausea, and headache, during the modified fasting therapy.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2017

To minimize the damage caused by summer season such as high temperature and red tide, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding and starvation on the survival rate, growth, growth restoration and physiological response of red seabream Pagrus major which were reared in marine net cage ($6m{\times}6m{\times}6m$). The feeding group was fed throughout the experiment for 10 weeks, whereas starvation group was not fed for 6 weeks and subsequent refeeding for 4 weeks. Survival rates of feeding and starvation groups were 94.4% and 98.1% respectively. The growth rate of starvation group was significantly lower than feeding group during starvation period, but recovered rapidly after feeding. The nutritional status such as albumin, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride also showed similar tendency to the growth data. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were higher in the feeding group than the starvation group during starvation period. Aspartate aminotransferase, glucose and total cholesterol were rapidly increased at the same time (in 5 week) in feeding group, whereas starvation group did not significant difference during starvation period. It was shown that the feeding group is more sensitive to stress than the starvation group. Thus, starvation can be applied as a rearing management plan of net cage fish farm in summer season.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2011

Objectives: The modified fasting therapy(MFT) of traditional korean medicine uses very low calorie diet on a patient with chronic disease and obesity. During the fasting period of MFT, calorie intake is restricted under 600kcal. Adverse events such as hunger, heartburn, headache, and hair loss can occur because of fasting. In case of Gilbert's syndrome, Jaundice can arise without disorder of liver function and hemolysis because of increase of unconjugated bilirubin. We experienced a case of Gilbert's syndrome patient who appeared jaundice during the fasting period, so we report about that with literature review.