• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.487-492
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• 2021

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a systemic disease characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibroblast proliferation. The retroperitoneal involvement of IgG4-related disease usually appears as a soft-tissue mass covering the abdominal aorta or entrapping the ureters, resulting in hydronephrosis. Here, we present a case of IgG4-related disease with retroperitoneal involvement in a 75-yearold woman with an unusual manifestation. A preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an irregular infiltrative retroperitoneal mass invading the normal anatomic barriers, raising the suspicion of malignancy or inflammation. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a homogeneous progressive enhancement of the mass.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.300-311
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• 2013

Subalpine species, Sorbus pohuashanensis in the Korean peninsula, which is assumed to be evolved from hybridization between S. commixta and an unknown species based on the flavonoids data. Morphometric analysis was conducted on the basis of 19 leaf and flower (or fruit) characters. A total of 721 samples in 13 populations of Sorbus pohuashanensis and S. commixta from Korea and additional specimens of S. commixta, S. pohuashanensis, and S. wilsoniana from Japan and China were examined to reveal the hybridization patterns and morphological differences. We found a preliminary evidence where Korean mountain rowan is more related to a Chinese inland taxon, S. wilsoniana, rather than Northeastern Chinese S. pohuashanensis in terms of flavonoids. The current morphological structure of the Korean mountaion rowan, however, which is more similar to S. commixta, was neither associated with that of S. wilsoniana nor that of S. pohuashanensis. This indicates that this morphological variation represents an intermediate of S. commixta and S. wilsoniana via a more ancient hybridization event in terms of qualitative characters, such as stipules, buds, and carpels. These morphometric differences together with other distinguishing characteristics suggest that the Korean mountain rowan should be considered as a conspecific species of S. commixta, although this demonstration of hybridization with the current phenetic species concept contradicts longstanding historical species concept.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1870-1874
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• 2007

신뢰성 있는 수위-유량관계곡선식 개발은 해당 수위관측소 지점에 대한 정도있는 저 평수기 및 홍수기의 유량조사가 담보되어야 한다. 이는 합리적이고 경제적인 이수 및 치수 계획 수립과 각종 수공구조물 설계의근간이 된다. 이와 더불어 상 하류 유출량 검토 및 유출률 평가에 있어서의 수위 자료 역시 중요한 수문자료 중에 하나이다. 이러한 수위 자료에는 다양한 형태의 오차를 내포하고 있으며, 또한 유출률 평가시 수위 자료의 측정 간격에 따라 다양한 형태의 결과 값을 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 섬진강 수계의 경천을 대표하고 전형적인 농촌지역 특성을 갖고 있으며 소유역에 해당하는 순창2수위관측소와 본류부를 대표하는 구례2수위관측소를 대상으로 수위자료의 측정 간격에 따른 유출률 평가의 적정성을 검토하고자 한다. 이에 따른 방법으로는 일차적으로 영산강홍수통제소에서 조사 관리중인 30분의 수위 자료를 획득하여 T/M 전송 오류 등에 의한 측정 오차 및 결측 자료는 보간을 하였다. 그리고 30분의 수위 자료를 이용하여 1분, 5분, 10분의 수위 자료를 선형보간법에 의해 재산정 하였으며 1시간, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 1일의 수위 자료에 해당하는 시간의 수위 자료를 획득하였다. 이러한 절차에 의하여 결정된 수위자료는 2006년에 개발된 수위-유량관 계곡선식을 이용하여 유출량 값으로 환산하였다.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.61
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• pp.165-191
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• 2003

White Porcelain kiln sites confirmed in Wonju are a total of 12: Chijeong-Myon, Pandea-ri, Guyre-lri etc. in the early period of Chosun Dynasty, and Guyre-2ri and Songok-ri etc. There were several reasons why Wonju was the major kiln site during the early

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.226-232
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• 2007

모바일폰의 LCD 전면화 추세로 인해 터치스크린을 기반으로 하는 모바일폰이 컨셉폰의 형태로 선보여지고 있고, 부분적으로 터치스크린을 차용한 모바일폰이 국내, 국외에 출시되고 있다. 터치스크린은 간편하고 직관적인 조작감을 제공하며 유동적인 인터페이스를 가능하게 하는 장점이 있다. 그리고 이러한 터치스크린의 장점을 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하는 진보된 인터랙션 스타일도 다양하게 제안되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 터치스크린 기반의 모바일폰은 스타일러스를 그대로 사용하듯, 제한적이고 전형적인 인터렉션만을 제공하고 있고, 제안된 진보된 인터렉션 스타일들도 터치스크린 기반의 모바일폰에 직접적으로 활용하기는 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 진보된 인터랙션 스타일 중에서, 원 포인팅과 2개 이상의 포인팅이 가능한 멀티 포인팅 인터랙션을 연구하여 터치스크린기반의 Full LCD 모바일폰에 적합한 인터랙션 스타일을 제안한다. 이를 위해, 인터랙션에 대한 문헌연구와 함께 터치스크린을 기반으로 하는 다양한 디지털기기를 검토해보고, 터치스크린에 적용 가능한 진보된 인터랙션 사례들을 조사하였다. 그 후 터치디스크린 기반의 디지털기기를 사용하는 사용자의 행태를 파악하기 위한 유저테스트 및 인터뷰를 실시하여, 터치스크린 기반의 모바일폰에서 구현되어야 할 상세 인터랙션 스타일을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 인터랙션 스타일은 다양한 사용자 경험을 가능하게 하여 고기능, 고사양화 되어가는 모바일폰의 UI를 보다 효과적으로 사용하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.133-154
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• 2010

Eliminativist about mentality want to throw out propositional attitude. In this respect, according to R. G. Swinburne, Lynne R. Baker, this theory seems to be self refuting. But it is not so clear enough in what sense eliminativism is self refuting. There are several construals of self-refutation argument against eliminativism. Among them, Patricia Churchland's simple version is defended here. For doing this, we need to analyze William Ramsey's reconstruction of self- refutation argument and J. L. Mackie's famous concept of self-refutation. As a result of this analysis, we can understand most self-refutation arguments against eliminativism don't succeed to defeat eliminativism with this argument.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find a method for improving children's preferences during dental treatment in relation to dentist's attire. For this study, 650 children asked to participate in a survey about the attire of the dentists. The results of the survey were as follows: 1. The survey found that gowns were preferred to ordinary clothes for both male and female dentists, 67.7 to 87.6% for male and 59.2 to 75.9% for female dentists. 2. For male dentists, the typical long white gown was the most preferred style, followed by a long gown, and a short jacket type, and then a short operating gown. 3. For female dentist, the typical long white gown was also most preferred, followed by a long gown, a short jacket type, and then a short operating gown. 4. For dental hygienists, the most preferred attire style was a two-piece wear with pants, followed by one-piece, skirt suit, shirts with cartoon characters, and apron. However, the difference among these attires was insignificant 5. White was the preferred color for gown. 6. Children prefer gown with no-pattern.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2004

The migut epitheluim of the last instar larva in the mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis was observed with electron microscopes. The midgut epitheluim of the mosquito larva is composed of a single-layered columnar absorptive cells, regenerative cells and secretory granular cells. The free surface of the columnar absorptive cells has a regular array of microvilli 'brush border', while cell membranes close to the basal lamina are extrmely infolded and a lot of mitochondria are concentrated in those processes. The columnar absorptive cells also contain cell organelles expected to be found in absorptive cell. Midgut regenerative cells which are positioned basally in the epithelium form the groups, which are called 'nidi', composed of 1 or $2{\sim}3$ cells, they show darker appearance than the columnar absoptive cells. The secretory granular cells contain numerous electron dense granules, $200{\sim}400$ nm in diameter. The cone shaped secretory granular cells are located in the basal portion of the midgut epitheluim. The epithelium is surrounded by the subepithelial space and muscle bundles. The subepithelial space, which is filled with fibrous connective tissue, is innervated by many axon cells and tracheoles.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 1992

An imported case of rectal hookworm infection was diagnosed by stool examination and recovery of adult worms from the rectal mucosa by sigmoidoscopy. The chief complaints of a patient were diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss for about 1 month after returning from his travel abroad to the Southeast Asia. Leukocytosis ($16, 750/{\mu}\ell$) and peripheral eosinophilia (33.7%) were noticed without anemia. Typical hookworm eggs were detected by stool examination, and 3 worms were collected by sigmoidoscopy from rectal mucosa of this patient. Those worms were confirmed as adult worms of Ancylostoma duodenale(♂:1, ♀: 2) based on their morphological characteristics. The symptoms were relieved after treatment with anthelmintics. This case was considered as one of the imported parasitic infections in Korea, and a rare case of hookworm infection on human rectal mucosa.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1998

The apoptosis-inducing activity of ursolic acid (UA) was examined in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells on the bases of biochemical and morphological characteeristics. UA, pentacyclic trierpene acid, exhibits antitumor activities including inhibition of skin tumorigenesis, induction of tumor cell differentiation and antitumor promotion. Treatment with UA showed that the decrease of cell viability was dose-dependent. UA also induced genomic DNA fragmetation, a hallmark of apoptosis, indicating that the mechanism of UA-induced F9 cell death was through apoptosis. When the morphology of the F9 cells was examined by electron microscopy, the cells treated with UA showed the charcteristic morphological features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. DNA fragmentations by UA were inhibired by cycloheximide, which suggest that de novo protein synthesis was required for DNA fragmentation by UA. Inaddition, the expression of c-jun was increased, but those of c-myc and laminin B1 were decreased during apoptosis induced by UA in F9 cells. These results suggest that UA causes an apoptosis in F9 cells. Further, the increased expression of c-jun may be involved in the UA-induced apoptosis of f9 cells.