• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality properties of beef jerky replaced salt (NaCl) with red pepper paste, soy sauce and soybean paste. The quality properties of beef jerky including water activity ($a_w$), pH, moisture content, protein content, color, shear force, texture profile analysis and sensory evaluations were investigated. The sliced beef samples were marinated at salt (control), soybean paste (T1), soy sauce (T2) and red pepper paste (T3) for 24 h and then dried at $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 h. The $a_w$ and moisture content varied from 0.88 to 0.79 and from 28.87% to 22.98%, respectively. All treatment samples showed higher final $a_w$ and moisture content than the control sample after drying for the 8 h (p<0.05). The protein content of T2 and T3 samples were lower than the control. Also, shear force and hardness value of all treatment samples had lower than the control (p<0.05). However, all treatment samples showed lower saltiness intensity than the control sample. Sensory panelists recorded greater flavor and texture scores to the samples with soy sauce replacement. Therefore, sensory panels found that the T2 samples had better overall acceptability scores than the other beef jerky samples (p<0.05).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2000

180g of fermented soy paste and 150g of red pepper paste were packaged in glass jars of 232 mL with different conditions of active packaging and then stored at $13^{\circ}C$ for about 170 and 128 days, respectively. During the storage, package atmosphere, surface color, pH, acidity and microbial flora were monitored to see the effect of packaging conditions. Test packaging conditions include package equipped with $Ca(OH)_2\;as\;CO_2$ absorber, package with pinhole and closed control one. Closed control packages of soypaste and red pepper paste showed the increased $CO_2$ partial pressure, the decreased $O_2$ partial pressure and the constant $N_2$ partial pressure to produce high pressure buildup with storage. The paste packages with $Ca(OH)_2$ maintained relatively low $CO_2$ partial pressure and thus the package pressure close to normal atmospheric pressure for initial storage period of 70 days. The packages with air pinhole channel had the partial pressures of $O_2\;and\;N_2$ decreased with storage time, while $CO_2$ partial pressure first increased to a maximum and then slowly decreased thereafter Without any pressure increase the packages with pinhole gave the lowest quality changes possibly due to the effect of package atmosphere, but it had problem of mold contamination and growth for soy paste after 120 days. There were no difference in microbial flora between the packages after about 70 day storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Bacteria strains with high activities of extracellular enzymes (protease, fibrinolytic enzyme, amylase, cellulase, and lipase) were isolated from Jeju traditional fermented soybean paste (Doenjang), and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological properties. Protease activities were higher in JR14, JR19, JR25, JR32, JR38, JR47, and JR64 than Bacillus subtilis KCCM 12027 (standard strain). Amylase activities were shown in JR6, JR25, JR38, JR56 and JR81, while not in KCCM12027. Cellulase activities were higher in JR6, JR14, JR48, and JR65 than those of other isolated strains and KCCM 12027 whereas lipase activities were the higher in JR-14 and JR-48. Thrombolytic activity in JR19 with high hemolysis activity were 192% compared with that of plasmin as a positive control. Zymogram analysis indicated that the thrombolytic active strains had 4~5 bands in the molecular weight range of 25~75 kDa. Gene sequence analysis of rRNA revealed that the isolated stains had 99% homology with Bacillus species, and the thrombolytic active stain JR19 was B. stratosphericus $41KF2a^T$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.714-725
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate pattern of consumption of Korean fermented foods. The questionnaires have been collected from 290 housewives in Taejon. Kimchi was the most frequently selected for meal preparation among Korean fermented foods. Ninety seven percentage of housewives used Kimchi over once a day and 87%, every meal. Chin-ganjang, Kuk-ganjang, Kochujang and Doenjang have been consumed over once a day by 47%, 46%, 31% and 27% of housewives respectively, which indicated that those jangs were still essential seasonings for preperation of Korean foods. The percentage of housewives, who did not use Chonggukjang, Jot-kal and Jangatchi, were 18%, 19% and 22% respectively, With the educational level increasing and age decreasing, the frequency of consumption Kimchi, Jangat-chi, Doenjang, Kochujang, Jot-kal and Chonggukjang became lower. Extended family often used Doenjang more than nuclear family. Working housewives utilized more Jot-kal than full time housewives. Seventy four percentage of housewives replied that the consumption of Korean fermented foods came to reduce. The reasons were that the kinds of foods increased(54%), food preference of children was changed (27%), side dishes were increased(10%), and food preference of adults was changed(9%). Kimchi has been made by housewives themselves(86%) and by relatives(11%). It means that most housewives prefer home-made Kimchi. Half of housewives used jangs made by themselves. The younger and the higher in educational level use the less Hey have made of Kimchi and jangs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the possible utility of 3 Aspergillus oryzae strains (designated as SCF-6, SCF-37, and JJSH-1), isolated from Korean traditional fermented materials, as starter cultures in the soybean paste industry. Doenjang (fermented soybean paste) was made with the A. oryzae strains described above, and its quality attributes were analyzed during a 60-day aging period. No significant differences in pH, moisture, or salt content were detected among the doenjang varieties made with the 3 Aspergillus strains. The concentration of amino-nitrogen, an indicator of doenjang aging, increased in each sample during the aging period. After the 60-day aging period, the contents of amino-nitrogen and free amino acid in doenjang made with SCF-6 showed the highest concentrations among the tested doenjang products: 971.6 and 8,064.9 mg%, respectively. Measurements of the color of doenjang showed that lightness and yellowness decreased during the aging period, but redness increased. After the 60-day aging period, the ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric-n-acid (GABA) concentrations in doenjang made with SCF-6 and SCF-37 were 61.3 and 53.7 mg%, respectively. In doenjang samples, aflatoxin was not detected and the concentrations of biogenic amines (histamine and tyramine) were 2.55-5.60 mg/kg and 3.70-5.87 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicated that A. oryzae SCF-6 isolated from traditional fermented foods could be useful as a starter culture in the soybean paste industry.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2002

음식의 재료를 얻는 데 있어 그 편리함은 사람들의 음식습관에 영향을 주기 때문에, 본 논문에서는 먼저 대만 고추재배의 품종개량과 생산현황으로부터 전반적인 이해를 하고자 하며 나아가 신선한 생 고추 및 고추관련 가공식품, 예를 들어 고추장, 고추콩짜개된장(랄두판장. 두판: 콩짜개, 물에 불리거나 싹튼 콩), 고추기름, 말린고추 등을 전통 요리 속에서 응용하는 방법에 대해 조사하였다. 또한 식생활 속에서 고추가 끼친 영향을 연구하고 나아가 대만 음식 문화의 변화와 발전에 대해 탐구하였다. 음식문화의 발전은 분명 음식 재료의 생산과 사회.경제적 배경의 영향을 받는다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.866-877
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to develop a new functional traditional fermented soybean food using Cudrania tricuspidata fruits and fermentation microbes isolated from traditional fermented food. Aspergillus oryzae koji, Lactobacillus sp., and Bacillus sp. were used for the selection of a suitable microbe for the fermentation of Cudrania tricuspidata fruits, and as a result, Bacillus licheniformis SCDB 1234 was selected. SCDB 1234 enhanced the concentration of kaempferol in the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits from 9.54 to $217.04{\mu}g/g$ (about 22 times). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the fermented materials was similar to that of BHA and BHT (92~99 ppm). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was high with arbutin (95 ppm) and kojic acid (90 ppm). Doenjang-added fermentation materials of the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits were developed, and the organic acid, reducing sugar, and free amino acid of the developed Doenjang were analyzed. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory (PLI) activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity of the fermentation materials of the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits and the developed Doenjang were investigated, and it was found that after fermentation, the PLI and AGI activities of the fermentation materials of the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits were higher than those before fermentation, and that the AGI activity of the developed Doenjang after aging ($91.25{\pm}0.04%$) was higher than that before aging ($84.89{\pm}0.08%$).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.218-223
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• 2003

This study is proceeded on the development of standard method for making soybean paste by Korean traditional method. Fermentation condition of Meju was 1) Pre-fermentation : 30 days in about 20$^{\circ}C$ room, 2) Main fermentation : 5 days in 30$^{\circ}C$ or upper temperature, 3) Post fermentation and drying : 30 days in well sunlightened room in January. Meju was soaked in 18% salt solution(Meju 7kg/salt solution 20L) for 35～40 days (from late February to early April) and after soaking Meju was filtered as unsoluble solute and crushed and put into traditional Korean receptacle(named 'Dok'). Crushed Meju was stored from early April to mid September and Meju was changed into soybean paste(Doen-jang). During fermentation amino acid nitrogen in Doen-jang was slightly increased in early period and decreased lately. It has been proved that by panel test soybean paste made by the method suggested in this study was more excellent than commercially fermented soybean paste. This study has presented the possibility of commercial production of soybean paste made by traditional method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.298-308
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• 2001

장류는 콩을 주재료로 하는 우리 나라의 전통적인 발효식품으로서 중요한 조미료로 사용되고 있다. 장의 종류는 우리 고유의 전통식 제법에 의한 재래형과 일본식 또는 중국식 제법에 의한 외래형으로 나눌 수 있는데 간장, 된장, 청국장, 고추장 등이 포함된다. 또한 가정에서 담그는 장류와 산업체에서 다량 제조하는 것으로 나눌 수 있다. 장류는 그 원료, 지방의 기후, 환경 등 기타 요인에 의해 변화를 보이며 제조법이 차이가 나는데 맛은 메주에 의해 좌우된다 우리 나라에서 장류가 산업적으로 생산하기 시작한 것은 일본인의 정치 침투와 더불어 시작되었으며, 해방이후 국군이 창설되면서 수요가 갑자기 증가하였다. 또한 서구화의 영향으로 사회구조가 바뀌고 인구의 도시집중화, 주택구조 변화와 자가 제조 등의 어려움으로 공장제품에 대한 수요가 따라서 증가하였다. 최근에는 장류는 조미료로서의 역할 이외에 영양 강화나 생리활성물질을 함유한 식품으로서 그 가치를 찾을 수 있다. 우선 장류가 어떻게 발전되어 왔으며, 가정에서 담가먹지 않고 시판 중인 제품을 구입하는 경우 어떤 종류의 장이 판매되고 있으며 어느 산업체에서 생산되고 있는지 알아본다. 현재 장류를 상품화하고 또 편의식품화 하려고 할 때 문제점과 장류 산업이 나아가야 할 방향에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.158-161
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• 2004

To determine rapid and reliable analytical method for ochratoxin A detection in cereal-based Korean traditional foods, ochratoxin A content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with immunoaffinity column clean-up. Recoveries of ochratoxin A in tested samples ranged from 68.4 to 85.3%. Occurrences of ochratoxin A were 15, 10, and 5% for Kochujang, Deonjang, and Kanjang, respectively. None was detected in Sunsik (mixed cereals). Average levels of ochratoxin A ranged from $0.5\;to\;1.3{\mu}g/kg$, lower than maximum residue level of $5-50{\mu}g/kg$ of ochratoxin A recorded in foreign food code.