• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2015

In order to identify the causes of various problems related to forage crop growth, such as winter survival, coldness, rainfall, drought etc., and to provide basic data for the stable production and supply of forage year round, we performed a growth survey after the wintering of winter forage crops grown from mid-Sep. 2014 to late-Feb. 2015. The growth of winter forage crops after wintering in the country was generally bad. As shown in the regional distribution in the country, regions with 80% or higher winter survival rates comprised 66%, regions with 79 to 50% winter survival comprised 24.9% and regions with less than 50% winter survival comprised 9.1%. In conclusion, the average winter survival rate was 79% in the country. Winter survival rate and coverage rate after the wintering of winter forage crops under installed drain channels in paddy fields were good at 83% and 80%, respectively. However, the rates without installed drain channels were bad at 67% and 66%, respectively. It was predicted that the crop production of winter forage crops was reduced by 10-15% in Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongnam and Jeonnam regions, reduced by 30% in Gyeonggi, Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk regions and reduced overall by approximately 19% nationwide.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Significant amount of bisphenol A has been released from the manufacturing process of plastics, epoxy resins, dental material and flame retardants. Bisphenol A has been detected at trace levels in wastewater, surface water, landfill leachate and drinking water. However, the residual survey of bisphenol A has not been performed in agricultural reservoir beside agricultural environment cultivating crops. This study was conducted to monitor the residual bisphenol A in national agricultural reservoirs and understand a level of contamination of bisphenol A in the agricultural environment in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: The water and water sediment were collected at agricultural reservoirs in Chungnam, Chungbuk, Kyunggi, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Kyungnam and Kyungbuk province. Bisphenol A was analyzed by the LC-MS/MS with triple quad 4500. The recovery of water and water sediment in the agricultural reservoirs showed the level of 95.7~97.2% and 91.5~100.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Bisphenol A was detected at the level of $0.05{\mu}g/L{\sim}0.18{\mu}g/L$ and $0.1{\mu}g/kg{\sim}34{\mu}g/kg$ in water and water sediment of the reservoirs, respectively. Based on the results, the residue of bisphenol A will be tried in the crops surrounding these agricultural reservoirs where bisphenol A detected above $10{\mu}g/kg$ of bisphenol A.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2003

Purpose : Acute pyelonephritis in children may result in permanant renal damage which later in life may lead to hypertension and renal failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that might be useful for predicting the development of renal scar in children with urinary tract infection(UTI). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 442 patients with UTI who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital, during the period from April 1992 to March 2002. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of renal scar on the follow-up DMSA renal scan, and we compared the factors associated with renal scarring between the two groups. Results : There were no significant differences in sex, causative organism and acute phase reactants between the groups with and without renal scar. The age at diagnosis was significantly higher in the renal scar group compared to that without scar. Of the 60 patients with renal scar, 78% had vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), but 13% of patients without scar had VUR. Furthermore, the severity of VUR was significantly correlated with renal scar formation. 53% showed multiple cortical defects on the initial DMSA renal scan, compared to 32% in the non-scar group. In addition, 76% of patients showing multiple cortical defects on the initial DMSA renal scan with VUR had renal scar. Conclusion : The presence and grade of VUR, and findings on the initial DMSA renal scan would contribute to predict risk of renal scar formation in children with UTI.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 1982

Since bovine lymphosarcoma causes considerable economic loss to the dairy industry, seroepidemiological survey on bovine leucosis virus (BLV) was carried out for the dairy herds throughout the country to observe the epidemiological situation of the disease by using immunodiffusion test. Attempts were simultaneously made to detect bovine leucosis virus in the lymphocytes from BLV antibody-positive cattle by means of fluorescent antibody techniques, syncytium assay and electron microscopy. In immunodiffusion test for BLV antibody in 2003 heads of dairy cattle selected randomly from 164 herds, the prevalence of positive reactors by regions were 37.8% in Central, 27.2% in Honam (Southwest), 28.0% in Youngnam (Southeast) and 25.2% in Youngdong (East coast)and averaging 29.7%. By provinces, Chungcheong appeared the highest prevalence of BLV antibody carriers (41.8%), while Jeonbug revealed the lowest incidence rate (24.4%). When the results of serological studies were analyzed by age groups and the sizes of herds, the number of reactors increased gradually with the advance in the age of cattle and the herd size. The highest rate of BLV carriers was found in the ages between 6 and 8 years, and in the size of herds with 20 to 50 heads. One hundred and seventeen breeding bulls from the central regions were tested for BLV antibody. Four out of 70 bulls (5.7%) of Korean cattle and 14 out of 39 bulls (35.9%) of Holstein were reactive for BLV antigens. Of 164 dairy herds examined, 17 herds (10.4%) have no BLV antibody-positive cattle, while 42 herds (25.6%) were included in the range of 20 to 40% of the positive rate and 10 herds (6.1%) in the range of over 80% of the rate. When the lymphocytes from the BLV antibody carrying cattle were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and stained with FITC-conjugated sheep anti-BLV serum, 8 out of 11 cases (72.7%) of BLV positive cattle revealed specific fluorescence for BLV in the lymphocytes. In syncytium assay of the peripheral lymphocytes of the cattle, 5 out of 7 (71.4%) lymphocytes from BLV antibody carriers induced syncytia in the indicators of bovine embryonic splenic cells. The cultured lymphocytes were examined with an electron microscope to detect the BLV particles. Two out of 6 specimens (33.3%) from the reactors showed the typical type C virus with the size of 90 to 110 nm around microvilli and in intracytoplasmic vacuoles.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.223-245
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• 1983

Nationwide weed survey of paddy rice field conducted in 1981 and 1971 was compared and determined major dominant weed community types distributed by province. Based on the similarity coefficients between 1971 and 1981 the floristic composition based on the degree of dominance was greatly dissimilar while kind of weed flora were not much differed. Degree of dominance were concentrated to perennial weeds in 1981 while these were at animal weeds in 1971. The moat important 10 weed species and their dominance in 1981 were Monochoria vaginalis Presl.(22.2%), Sagittaria pygmaea Miquel(17.5%), S. trifolia L.(9.0%), Poramogeton distinctus Benn.(9.0%), Cyperus serotinus Rottb.(8.5%), Rotala indica Koehne(6.0%), Aneilema japonica Kunth(4.4%), Lindernia procumbens Philcox(3.9%), Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi(3.4%) and Ludwigia proarrara Roxb(3.0%), respectively while these for 1971 were R. indica(34.5%), Eleocharia acicularis Roem, et Schult (11.9%), M. vaginalis(11.1%), Cyperua difformis L.(8.7%), Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv.(6.9%), L. procumbens(3.3%), P. distinctus(3.1%), A. Japonica (2.4%), E. kuroguwai(1.8%) and P. hydropiper(1.8%), respectively. Weed occurrence was also closely related with soil type, cropping pattern and cultural practices. Particularly, the occurrence of P. distincrus was negatively correlated with the degree of land utilization. Weed community types dafined by two-dimensional ordination analysis were 11 for Jeonnam province, 9 for Gyeoaggi, Gangweon, Chungbuk and Gyeongnam provinces, 8 for Jeonbuk and Gyeongbuk provinces, 7 for Chungnam province and 4 for Jeju province, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.744-754
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• 2001

This study examined the effect of self-perception of health and related factors of flood life and disease on health floods intakes among the middle aged(150 men and 159 women) in the Jeonbuk region. The health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), nutritional supplements(NS), and other manufactured health foods supplements(MHFS). Differences of BMI and self-perception for body shape was that overweight was 30% in men and 24.5% in women on BMI, but conversely was 21.3% in men and 43.4% in women on self-perception for body shape. Men thought themselves more than normal weight, but women thought themselves less than normal weight for the criteria of normal weight. Consumption of CM was high in the overweight group on BMI and was a low in the overweight group on self-perception for bodyshape Men thought themselves better than women and those in their 40's thought better than those in their 50's on self perception of health status, and women were better than men on self-perception of food habits. The difference of health foods intakes according to the self-perception of health status and food habits was not significant. The points of food habits, food attitude and nutrition knowledge were 11.21 $\pm$ 2.43, 68.18 $\pm$ 15.56 and 15.53 $\pm$ 1.59 in women and 10.49 $\pm$ 2.71, 67.53 $\pm$ 14.41, and 15.11 $\pm$ 1.79 in men respectively. The points of all were higher for women than for men. Consumption of CM (p < 0.01) and TF(p < 0.01) were a low in groups that scored high points on nutrition knowledge. The points of climacteric symptoms were that men were 48.36 $\pm$ 6.30 and woman were 46.43 $\pm$ 6.70. Men thought themselves in good condition more than women(p < 0.01), and those in their 40's thought themselves in good condition as opposed to those in their 50's in men(p < 0.05). Consumption of TF and NS were high in the low points group on climacteric symptoms(p < 0.01). Women were higher than men on morbidity, but men were more than women on cases of liver disease(p < 0.01). Consumption of CM was high in the liver disease group(p < 0.05), MHFS was high in the kidney disease group(p < 0.05), TF and NS were hgih in the bone disease group(p < 0.05) and NS was hgih in the endocrine disease group(p < 0.05). People in their 40's were higher than those in their 50's in men on morbidity of cold(p < 0.05), women were higher than men by about 2 times on constipation (p < 0.01), those in their 40's were higher than those in their 50's in mein on gastritis(p < 0.05). Consumption of NS was highest for those with diseases in respiratory organs and gastrointestinal tracts. This study suggests that nutritional education for the right recognition of self-perception of health status and food habits, and nutrition knowledge are needed to select for health floods. Consumption of health foods was different according to kinds of diseases. Thus, recognition of etiology, symptoms and dietetics of diseases is needed to select adequate health foods for diseases in middle age.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2007

This study was conducted to survey the hygienic status of chicken meats on the microbial levels, which were collected from poultry processing plants located in the local provinces in nationwide including the JeJu island (n=15) in 1997. In particular, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes, which were retarded as one of the most important entero-pathogens relating to food home illness from poultry, were investigated on their isolation frequency including the other pathogens related on the food-borne illness. A total of 115 processed chickens were submitted on the present study. In general, the bacterial contamination frequency showed more or less lower $(10{\sim}100 cells)$ than those of sold on the retail and super markets and department stores because of lacking of cross-contamination incidences, depending on the total cells, Coliforms and Staphylococcal cells count. While, Salmonella species, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus isolation frequency of chicken meats from slaughter houses were 58.3%, 37.4%, 43.5%, and 30.4%, in order. But the present microbial isolation data were a little lower levels than those of sold on the retail and super markets and famous department stores in Seoul and GyeongGi province at the same period. It seemed that the cross-contamination problems (including the human, environmental and instrumental factors) during the marketing stage (after the last processing procedure; rinsing step) had the major roles on the increasing of the microbial contamination frequency on the chicken meats after the slaughter houses.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2013

'Okhan' (Avena sativa L.), an oat cultivar for winter use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2011. It was derived from an original cross between 'Early80', exhibiting early heading, and 'Maine PI-590' (CI 7518), exhibiting large-size grain, in 1995. Subsequent generations as well as cross-bred cultivars were handled in bulk, and pedigree selection programs took place at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A promising line, 'SO95027-B-45-16-10-6-2-Y7-10', was selected in 2004, and was designated 'Gwiri74' after being selected from a yield trial for three years from 2005 to 2008. The breeding line 'Gwiri74' was subsequently evaluated for earliness of heading and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2009 to 2011, and was finally named as 'Okhan'. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Okhan' was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan', and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 15.0 ton $ha^{-1}$, compared with 14.1 ton $ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar. Cultivar 'Okhan' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (9.2% and 9.9%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (58.5%, and 59.3%, respectively), while the TDN yield per ha was more than the check (8.70 and 8.36 kg, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Okhan' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-7^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.4 s.42
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• pp.85-102
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to classify of life style of secondary school girl students, to investigate the relationships between life styles, attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude. The method of this study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 658(middle school students 327, high school students 331) girl students located in Jeollabukdo province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 11.5 for Windows program was utilized to calculate frequency, mean, cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research were as follows: The results of analysing the factors to the response lifestyles, attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude emerged five dimensions(digital orientation, material orientation, positive activity, achievement orientation, frugality), three dimensions(needs conformity value toward appearance), five dimensions(fashion pursuit, gender attractiveness, self-expression, aesthetic, and modesty). High school girls' students showed higher digital orientation and positive activity life styles, attitude toward appearance, clothing attitude except of modesty. Clothing attitude variables except of modesty had positive correlations with lifestyles and attitude toward appearance. However, modesty of clothing had negative correlations with life styles and attitude toward appearance. As a conclusion, secondary school girl students' life styles and attitude toward appearance constituted important characteristics which could affect clothing attitude directly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

This study was carried out to select the promising forage crops for forage production in paddy field of HARI, RDA, Iksan from 1999 to 2001. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were barley(5 varieties), wheat(2), rye(3) and Italian ryegrass(IRG, 3). Stage of heading, milk and yellow ripe of barley were 26 $April{\sim}l$ May, middle May and late May, respectively. In milk to yellow ripe stage, dry matter(DM) yield of barley was $6.64{\sim}10.47$ MT per ha, and averaged ADF and NDF contents were $31.6\%\;and\;62.2\%$ respectively. Albori was the most promising variety among the barley). The growth of wheat was a little late compared to that of barley, but it seemed to be crop having higher forage yield md nutritive value. In milk to yellow stage, DM yield of wheat was $7.51{\sim}11.96$ MT per ha, and nutritive value of wheat was high(ADF $30.6\%$ and NDF $60.1\%$). Heading stage of rye was $25{\sim}27$ April, and it seemed to be suitable to harvest at heading to flowering stage because of heavy lodging after flowering. In flowering stage, DM yield of rye was 17.26 MT per ha, and nutritive value of rye was the lowest among 4 species(ADF $38.6\%$ and NDF $65.5\%$). Heading stage of early maturing IRG was 30 April and it seemed to be suitable for harvest at flowering stage of middle May in cropping system. In flowering stage, DM yield of early type IRG was 10.77 MT per ha, and averaged ADF and NDF contents were $31.6\%\;and\;59.2\%$, respectively. The results demonstrated that the promising forage crops for forage production in paddy field were rye, barley, early maturing IRG and wheat in Honam region. In Southern region, rye harvesting at early May was recommended when considered middle May of rice transplanting period, and barley(Albori) and early maturing IRG harvesting at middle May were recommended when considered late May of rice planting period. And also, wheat with high nutritive value and possibility for harvesting at late May were recommended in case of transplanting period at early June.