• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.634-642
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• 2020

With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, using the Linux operating system in various architectures has increased. Also, security threats against Linux-based IoT devices are increasing, and malware variants based on existing malware are constantly appearing. In this paper, we propose a system where the binary data of a visualized Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) file is applied to Local Binary Pattern (LBP) image processing techniques and a median filter to classify malware in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). As a result, the original image showed the highest accuracy and F1-score at 98.77%, and reproducibility also showed the highest score at 98.55%. For the median filter, the highest precision was 99.19%, and the lowest false positive rate was 0.008%. Using the LBP technique confirmed that the overall result was lower than putting the original ELF file through the median filter. When the results of putting the original file through image processing techniques were classified by majority, it was confirmed that the accuracy, precision, F1-score, and false positive rate were better than putting the original file through the median filter. In the future, the proposed system will be used to classify malware families or add other image processing techniques to improve the accuracy of majority vote classification. Or maybe we mean "the use of Linux O/S distributions for various architectures has increased" instead? If not, please rephrase as intended.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.275-311
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• 2007

Hydrogen energy is emphasized as a substitutable energy of carbon-based energy system in the future, since it is non-depletable and clean energy. Long term vision of Korean government on the national energy system is to promote hydrogen energy by 15% of final energy demand until 2040. This study analyzes economic impacts of hydrogen energy development employing a dynamic CGE model for Korea. Frontier technology such as hydrogen energy is featured as slow diffusion at the initial stage due to the learning effect and energy complementarity. Without government intervention, hydrogen energy would be produced upto 6.5% of final energy demand until 2040. However, if government subsidizes sales price of hydrogen energy by 10%, 20%, and 30%, share of hydrogen energy would increase 9.2%, 15.2%, and 37.7% of final energy demand. This result shows that the slow diffusion problem of hydrogen energy as frontier technology could be figured out by market incentive policy. On the other hand, production levels of transportation sector would increase while growth rate of oil and electricity sectors would decline. Household consumption would be affected negatively since increase of consumption due to the price decrease would be overwhelmed by income reduction owing to the increase of tax. Overall, GDP would not decrease or increase significantly since total production, investment, and export would increase even if household consumption declines.

• Food Industry
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• s.181
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• pp.68-91
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• 2004

조미료란 식품을 조리, 가공, 섭취할 때 맛을 증진시키거나 강화시킬 목적으로 사용되는 물질을 일컫는다. 발효, 종합 및 천연계 조미료의 국내외 시장동향에 대해 살펴보고, 조미료의 향후 발전방향과 중점 연구 분야, 관련업계의 연구개발 동향에 대한 고찰을 토대로 조미료 분야의 고부가가치 산업으로의 육성방안에 대해 알아보았다. 미원, 아이미 등으로 대표되는 발효조미료의 내수시장은 성숙기를 거쳐 소폭 감소세를 보이는 쇠퇴기에 접어들고 있다. 이는 소비자의 MSG에 대한 기피현상이 주 원인으로 판단된다. 전반적으로 품질 차별화 없이 가격 경쟁이 심화되고 있는 실정이다. 국내 종합조미료 시장은 1975년 국내에 처음으로 CJ에서 다시다 제품을 출시한 후 대상에서 1982년 맛나, 1988년 감치미를 출시하면서 30여 년간 지속적으로 성장해 왔다. 현재 시장규모는 2천억원에 이르고 있으며 최근 들어서는 성장세가 완만해지고 있고 가정용은 거의 정체되어 있다. 일본 조미료 시장은 발효조미료, 종합조미료 그리고 다양한 조미식품의 소재로 활용되는 천연조미료로 구분할 수 있다. 발효조미료 시장은 국내와 비슷한 상황으로 전체적인 물량변화는 약간 감소하는 경향이며 생산기지의 해외이전 현상이 뚜렷하다. 종합조미료 시장은 한국과 유사한 풍미조미료 외에도 보다 전문화되고 다양한 형태의 조미료가 시판되고 있으며, 전통적인 풍미조미료는 정체현상을 보이고 건강지향, 전용화 조미료가 호조를 보이고 있다. 일본과 한국의 조미료 발전 단계는 조금 차이를 보이고 있다. 현재 한국은 종합조미료 시대에서 용도별 조미료 시대로 넘어가는 단계에 있는 반면, 일본은 이미 메뉴 전용 조미료시대에 접어들었고, 건강, 기능성을 강조하는 시대로 나아가고 있다. 이들 변화는 건강에 대한 소비자의 관심과 그로 인한 보다 천연에 가까운 조미소재에 대한 수요, 동시에 맛에 대한 충족까지 요구하는 시대적 변화에 따른 필연적 결과로 보인다. 미래의 조미료는 천연계 소재의 사용량이 증가할 것이고, 소비자의 건강, 안전 추구심리에 부흥하여 안전성과 기능성을 부여하는 소재에 관심이 집중될 것으로 보인다. 더불어 전반적인 생활수준 향상에 따라 제품의 고급화와 전용화도 진행될 것으로 보인다. 향후 조미료시장을 주도할 각 현상에 대해 좀더 자세히 알아보고 학계 및 업체의 최근 연구동향과 제품개발 현황에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 기술연구 동향을 보면, 나노 기술에 의한 조미신소재연구, 초미분쇄기술, 미세 캡슐화 기술, 생물공학 기술이 활용된 발효 및 효소분해에 의한 펩타이드계 조미소재 개발 등이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 선진업체 연구 및 제품개발 동향은 아지노모트/교와의 ''코쿠미''계 조미소재 연구개발, 일연푸드/동해물산의 천연 엑기스계 조미소재 연구개발, 보조주(주)의 주류 조미료 개발 위주로 살펴보았다. 조미료 시장의 발전 과정과 선진 업체들의 연구, 개발동향을 종합해 보면 첫째는 천연 건강지향에 부응하는 차별화된 소재 및 기능성 소재 개발이고 둘째는 맛과 편리함의 추구에 대응하는 메뉴 전용화 추세이다. 이를 위한 기술적 연구도 기능성 소재(히스티딘 함유 디펩타이드)개발, 나노기술, 미세캡슐화 기술 등을 통하여 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 조미료 산업을 첨단 고부가가치 산업으로 육성하기 위해서는 R&D 투자확대와 효율성을 제고하는 것이 필수적이다. 각 기업단위에서는 장기적 차원에서 첨단식품 기반기술에 대한 연구를 수행하거나, 전문 중소기업, 벤처를 육성하는데 지원해야 한다. 그러나 현실은 당장의 수익과 회사간 경쟁으로 인해 장기적 투자, 사회적 인프라 육성 등에는 관심을 쏟지 않고 있다. 조미료를 비롯한 식품에 관련된 기술들이 다양한 기초연구와 응용기술, 개발연구 등의 총합인 경우가 많기 때문에 이들 상이한 연구 분야간의 연계를 강화하고 개발된 기술의 이전, 확산체계를 구축할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 기업간 수평적 네트워크 외에도 국가기관이 참여하는 연구 자원의 효율적 집행 기관이 필요하리라 본다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

This study is intended to compare physical properties of fluorescent luminaires with ones of LED luminaires so as to analyze fundamental characteristics of LED luminaires. For this, a comparative analysis of uniformity ratio of illuminance and luminance distribution of these two luminaires was made, and materials for applying LED luminaires to interior construction space were prepared. This study was carried out in four stages. First, a theoretical review on LED illumination light source was made compared with the existing luminaires. Second, a mock-up to control experimental variables to meet the objective of this study was manufactured. Third uniformity ratio of illuminance and luminance distribution of each luminaire were measured by using the mock-up. Fourth, a comparative analysis of uniformity ratio of illuminance and characteristics of luminance distribution of the existing fluorescent luminaires and LED ones was made. As a result of the study, the uniformity ratio of illuminance of LED luminaires, 0.559, was higher than one of the existing fluorescent luminaires, 0.522. Namely, it was shown that illuminance distribution of LED luminaires was uniform and global diffuse was good. As a result of measuring luminance distribution, it was found that luminance distribution of LED luminaires was more uniform than one of the existing fluorescent luminaires. The maximum luminance of fluorescent luminaires and LED luminaires over the wall was $180.6[cd/m^2]$ and $155.26[cd/m^2]$ respectively. Namely, the maximum luminance of fluorescent luminaires was higher than one of LED luminaires. The average luminance of fluorescent luminaires and LED luminaires was $44.32[cd/m^2]$ and $58.65[cd/m^2]$. Like this, the average luminance of LED luminaires was higher than one of fluorescent luminaires. Considering these results, it's thought that LED luminaires can give a person in the room a more comfortable working environment than fluorescent luminaires.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.131-158
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• 2008

While there were separation, confrontation and conflicts in Yungnam confucian group in seventeenth century, Nampa Jang Hak(1614~1669), was one of the representative figure among Yeoheon's pupils in doing the project of Yeoheon's enshrinement and strengthening the solidarity of Yeoheon's students. His family had close relationship with Yeoheon, and he started to receive instructions from Yeoheon in his early ages. Owing to the close relationship with Yeoheon, Nam pa did the leading role in the memorial projects, such as publishing the collection of works, and enshrining Yeoheon's tablet in Seowon, a private academy. Especially, he defined Yeoheon's scholarstic mantle as 'assertion that does not come from the teacher whom specifies(不由師承論)' and tried to link Yeoheon's work with other confucian saints' works. This linkage functioned as a stepstone for the projects of enshrining Yeoheon in the memorial hall of their private school, Seowon. Accordingly, in this paper, Nampa's life and academic activities are investigated, considering he was in the middle of the turmoil of separation and conflict of Yeongnam confucian group. Specifically, Nampa was most actively involved in the project of enshrining Yeoheon, and he defined Yeoheon's scholaristic mantle as 'assertion that does not come from the teacher whom specifies(不由師承論)'. Basing on this understanding, he pushed ahead the controversial project of enshrining Yeoheon's tablet in Imgo Seowon(臨皐書院). Although Nampa's scholaric key concepts cannot be found clearly, he tried to diffuse Yeoheon's academic thought over other regions, and by this activity, he tried to solidify Yeoheon's scholarstic achievement and status. His activity confirms that he was most distinctive student of Yeoheon. Ultimately, He was the central figure of late times of Yeoheon school, comparing to the most prestigious fifteen scholars(樑頌十五賢) and ten scholars(旅門十哲) who represented the early times of Yeoheon school.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2023

산업 고도화로 인하여 복잡하고 다양한 유기물의 사용량이 증가하였으며, 공공수역 내 새로운 오염물질이 유입됨에 따라 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD) 중심의 수질평가에 한계를 나타내었다. 이후 난분해성 물질을 고려한 유기물관리 정책과 총량관리의 필요성이 제기되었고 국내 하천과 호소에서는 총 유기탄소(TOC)를 유기물 관리지표로 설정하였다. 그러나 부영양 하천과 호소에서 TOC는 외부 부하뿐만아니라 식물플랑크톤의 과잉성장에 의해 증가할 수 있는 항목이므로 TOC 관리정책 추진을 위해서는 유기물의 기원에 대한 파악이 필요하다. 한편, 우리나라와 같이 몬순 기후대에 속한 댐 저수지의 경우 강우시 유입하는 탁수에 의해 다량의 유기물과 인이 유입되기도 하지만 식물플랑크톤의 제한요인 중 광량에 많은 영향을 미친다. 식물플랑크톤의 광합성은 수체 내 유기탄소 내부생성에 매우 중요한 요소이나 점 단위의 실험적 방법을 활용한 유기탄소 순환 해석은 저수지의 시·공간적인 변동성을 고려하기에 한계가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 금강 수계 최대 상수원인 대청호를 대상으로 3차원 수리-수질 모델을 적용하여 유기탄소 성분 별 유입과 유출, 내부생성 및 소멸량을 평가하고 탁수가 저수지에서의 유기탄소 순환에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 유기탄소 물질수지 해석을 위해 AEM3D 모델을 사용하였으며 2018년을 대상으로 입력자료를 구축한 후 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 모델은 유기탄소를 입자성, 용존성, 그리고 난분해성과 생분해성으로 구분하여 모의하며 유기물질 성상별 실험결과를 이용하여 입력자료를 구축하였으며 유기탄소순환 해석을 위해 4가지의 탄소성분과 조류 세포 내 탄소의 질량 변화율을 계산하였다. 이를 위해 외부 유입·유출부하율, 수체 내 생성(일차생산, 재부상, 퇴적물과 수체 간 확산) 및 소멸률(POC 및 조류 침강, DOC 무기화, 탈질)을 고려하였으며 탁수의 영향을 분석하기 위해 탁수 포함여부 시나리오를 구성하고 유기탄소 생성 및 소멸기작별 변동성을 비교 분석하였다. 모델은 2018년의 물수지를 적절히 재현하였으며 저수지의 수온 및 탁도 성층구조를 잘 재현해내면서 전반적인 수질을 적절하게 모의하였다. 탁수를 고려하였을 시 연간 TOC 부하량 중 내부기원 부하량은 56% 수준이였으나 탁수를 배제한 경우 내부기원 부하량은 82%로 나타났다. 특히, 연평균 Chl-a 농도가 44~48% 차이가 발생하면서 1차생산량이 약 4배가량 증가하였다. 몬순지역에서의 탁수는 체류시간이 긴 성층 저수지에서 식물플랑크톤 성장제어에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 전반적인 유기탄소 순환을 해석하는데 있어 매우 중요한 인자로 작용하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.639-650
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• 2023

Economic development has resulted in the concentration of population and industry in the metropolitan area. Additionally, the Republic of Korea is experiencing this phenomenon, with more than half of the population living in the Seoul capital area. To alleviate this concentration of population, the Korean government implemented the new town development policy. Unfortunately, this has led to an increase in the commuting population, causing an imbalance in transportation services due to financial and policy differences in each region. This paper analyzes the level of user satisfaction with mega commuting in three aspects: mobility, accessibility, and connectivity. To objectively assess the level of user satisfaction, which is qualitative data, the Rasch Model is used to analyze the collinearity of user data. The results indicate that the level of user satisfaction differs by region, and service satisfaction with mobility is lower than that with accessibility and connectivity. Therefore, prior to the introduction of new town policies, it is necessary to develop metropolitan transportation infrastructure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The goal of this study is to develop a hands-on type polar field trip program to inform the importance of the recent polar research and to contribute to the spread of polar science culture. For this purpose, the direction of program development and field trip course were established based on the current Korea Polar Research Institute tour program and research exhibition facilities analysis. Based on this, a total of 6 types field trip programs were developed, including one basic tour program and one optional experience program for the overall introduction of polar research institutes and polar science fields, and four optional experience programs for each education participant that enables field trips and professional experiential learning activities by polar science field. The developed program was revised and supplemented through a total of two trials, and a field trip program manual was produced, including guidance scripts, experience kits, activity sites, and instructor guides for each field trip. At the end, a follow-up study was proposed based on the significance and research results of the developed program.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.12
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• pp.255-274
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• 1999

Electronic Commerce (EC) is a relatively new and has been attracting a considerable amount of attention. Even though it is still in an introductory stage, growth rates are impressively high and its economic importance will continue to grow. Electronic Commerce is born to be global because its connectivity using the Internet is universal. As Electronic Commerce accelerates the globalization, it will also increase both the interdependence of national economies in different countries and the need for international cooperation and coordination. Electronic Commerce is really a global challenge that requires global solutions. For this reason, Electronic Commerce becomes an important agenda in major international cooperative organizations including APEC, OECD, and G7 (G8). However, current international discussions on Global Electronic Commerce are initiated mostly by the United States and European Union (EU). The objective of this paper is to raise awareness creation activities in which the international cooperation is needed for promoting the global electronic marketplace in Asia. For this purpose, this paper reviews the approaches of U.S. and European countries (or European Union), and suggests an development framework on the basis of the reviews. The framework is used to analyze current issues around Electronic Commerce, and identify some fields which require coherent work among researchers in different countries.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-77
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• 2017

Measurement of quality of life is a concept studied in the field of administration, economy and society. And It is a standard of measuring performance of government. Recently, in governments and global society, QoL (Quality of life) index is used to reflect overall development degree. National policy and service effectiveness measurement using QoL index is more persuasive when it is combined with 'Bottom-Up Spillover Theory'. This study applied "National Quality of Life Index", the object QoL index used by National Statistical Office to see if the library service is recognized to actually have influence on the quality of life, and furthermore, see the difference of quality of life improvement recognition by user and quality of life improvement degree recognized by the librarian. "Recognition regarding shortage of time" was the highest index, and "concentration of fine dust" was the lowest. Regarding the recognition difference between librarian and user, it showed signifiant difference in 13 index, while the recognition difference by gender showed difference in 5 index, difference by age was 23, difference by residence was 14, and difference by number of visits to library was 9.