• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1179-1190
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify, analyze and address problems in the current scuba diving rescue curriculum in Korea by using the Delphi method to collect expert opinions on the topic. This expert information can form a data-based foundation for the scuba diving rescue curriculum, allowing teaching to be conducted more professionally and systematically, and allowing participants to enjoy scuba diving with greater safety and confidence. In this study, eight experts, all involved in developing the scuba rescue curriculum, were selected, and the research was conducted with informed consent from all participants and in accordance with all related ethical rules. Improvement measures were identified for scuba rescue leaders, teaching programs and training facilities. The study revealed that to improve leadership, a system to verify the leader's ability should be developed and that, in general, the ability of scuba rescue leaders should be strengthened. To improve teaching programs, each scuba organization should produce updated program manuals, prepare evaluation standards, and develop programs that employ a wide variety of training equipment. Finally, in terms of facilities, improvements should be made by constructing artificial wave devices at training centers.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.401-418
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• 2023

Recently, the socio-economic interest in Large Language Models (LLMs) has been growing due to the emergence of ChatGPT. As a type of generative AI, LLMs have reached the level of script creation. In this regard, it is important to address the issue of discrimination (sexism, racism, religious discrimination, ageism, etc.) in the performing arts in general or in specific performing arts works or organizations in a large language model that will be widely used by the general public and professionals. However, there has not yet been a full-scale investigation and discussion on the issue of discrimination in the performing arts in large-scale language models. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to textually analyze the perceptions of discrimination issues in the performing arts from LMMs and to derive implications for the performing arts field and the development of LMMs. First, BBQ (Bias Benchmark for QA) questions and measures for nine discrimination issues were used to measure the sensitivity to discrimination of the giant language models, and the answers derived from the representative giant language models were verified by performing arts experts to see if there were any parts of the giant language models' misperceptions, and then the giant language models' perceptions of the ethics of discriminatory views in the performing arts field were analyzed through the content analysis method. As a result of the analysis, implications for the performing arts field and points to be noted in the development of large-scale linguistic models were derived and discussed.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.1-30
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• 2006

This paper is to analyse the case of citizen participation employed in the local government, Buk-gu (Northern District) in the city of Ulsan, Korea. A kind of deliberative type of citizen participation named' citizen jury' was exercised to resolve an environmental conflict between Buk-gu government and its residents. The conflict was caused by the construction of a food waste recycling facility near by some residential areas in Buk-gu. Theoretically this paper makes a typology of citizen participation methods. Two criteria are employed. First of all, lay citizens are the primary participant or not? Secondly, interactive communication is feasible or not among participants in the process of citizen participation. Four generic types of citizen participation are sorted out: technocratic, pluralist, direct/participatory, and deliberative type. Especially deliberative type of citizen participation is based on an idea of deliberative democracy. This paper argues that the case of citizen participation employed in Buk-gu belongs to deliberative type of citizen participation. The argument is based on the following reasons. Firstly, primary participants in deliberation process can be considered as lay citizens though they are selected form local NGOs and religious groups. According to a survey, most of participants said that they would participate in the process of deliberation in the capacity of lay citizens though they were selected by their own groups. Secondly, the citizen participation process was deliberately designed and implemented to facilitate competence of primary participants and fairness in the deliberation. Viewed from this analysis, this Buk-gu case can be safely considered an innovative method of citizen participation which is also very successful in resolving intractable environmental conflict in the local government.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.137-167
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• 2015

Based on the stakeholder theory, this paper analyzes a clash of standards in Korea's Electric Vehicle(EV) market, particularly between an EV charging standard and a smart grid communication standard in 2012~2013. For charging, EV is connected with the electric power grid and simultaneously exchanges data regarding the charging status. When EV is connected with the power grid, a clash between two standards may arise. It actually happened when BMW entered into the Korean EV market with the DC Combo charging system. In that course, the frequency interference occurred between the EV data communication technology adopted by BMW and the AMI(Advanced Metering Infrastructure) for the smart grid system in Korea. Standardization of Korea's EV charging systems was required to solve this problem. However, it had been delayed due to the confrontation between various stakeholders involved in the process of standardization. It lasted until the DC combo was accepted as one of the Korea EV charging standards(KSAE SAE 1772-2040, 2014.1) by KSAE(The Korea Society of Automotive Engineers) in January 2014. This is an interesting case in the age of convergence. As it deals with the standard competition not among EV standards, but a clash between the EV industry and the smart grid, i.e. electric power industry, it addresses the necessity to consider standardization processes between different industries. This study draws on the stakeholder theory to analyse the dynamics of the standard clash between EV charging systems and the smart grid system, which is a unique example of standard clash between different industries. We expect such clashes to increase in the age of convergence.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate health service weight for resource allocation and performance monitoring using Basic Priority Rating System. Methods: The Health service would be classified according to New Health Plan 2010, and Burden of disease collected from preceding studies. The data of severity of health problem and effectiveness of intervention were collected through the survey of experts' suggestion. The health service weight was estimated in the formula which is Basic Priority Rating System. Results: In the result of analysis, the health service weight of Infectious disease was ranked highest at 58.97% followed by Anti-smoking campaign(14.07%), Hypertension(3.87%), Diabetes mellitus(3.40%), Cancer(2.90%), Cardiovascular-Cerebrovascular diseases(2.86%), Physical activity(2.10%), Moderate drinking(2.07%), Medical examination(1.92%), Mental health promotion(1.72%), Serious mental illnesses(1.62%), Nutrition(1.52%), Oral health promotion(1.15%), Oral diseases(1.10%), Addiction(0.73%). Conclusions: We think the result of this study provides a rational basis for resource allocation and performance monitoring of health service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.406-415
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• 2012

The research aims to provide its results to each municipal corporation after an in-depth analysis of its optimum demand and also the significance of post-development location selection. The research results, related to the future development of Marina from the municipal corporation, are as follows: There are approximately 49 proper domestic demands after the Marina development. In further detail, there must be a development of the coastal zone Marina concept after classifying the regions to their Metropolitan areas and networking the Marina to each section. Moreover, the classification of the Marinas to small, medium, and large size is of absolute necessity. Regionally, 10 large Marinas must be developed for metropolitan area (2), Chungcheong area (1), Jeolla area (2), Gyeongsang Provinces (3), Gangwon area (1), and Jeju (1). The 17 mid-sized leisure sports Marinas must be developed for metropolitan area (3), Chungcheong area (2), Jeolla area (2), Gyeongsang Provinces (6), Gangwon area (2), and Jeju (2). The rest of 22 small Marinas must be developed for metropolitan area (2), Chungcheong area (1), Jeolla area (6), Gyeongsang Provinces (9), Gangwon area (2), and Jeju (2). In addition, there is an evident result of significant importance in the domestic positions of appropriate Marina development. A group of professionals suggested five key factors contributed to the importance including accessibility, marketability, usability, validity, and natural environment. The results, aimed to show comprehensive importance based on the five factors, ranks in the following order from highest to lowest: usability, accessibility, natural environment, marketability, and validity.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-242
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• 2014

This paper investigates accounting principles about social infrastructure on Korean National Accounting Standard and on National Accounting Standards from other countries that adopted a accruals- based national accounting standards. Social infrastructure as assets has important value in financial statements of Korea and deterioration or insufficient management of social infrastructure accompanies a huge social cost. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and related accounting standard for social infrastructure is necessary. To do this, we examine the accounting standards of U.S., New Zealand, and Australia. We also review the financial statement of local government. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that a preventive-asset management approach should be applied and alternative depreciation method for social infrastructures is developed. Moreover, a local government needs to provide important accounting information to the public in a timely and reliably manner.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 2020

This study analyzed the priorities of the cross-compliance items of public-benefit direct payment using an Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Decision Making Analysis. The valuation criteria are policy efficiency, farm acceptability, and feasibility, and the valuation targets are the basic and additional cross-compliance items. The survey was performed by targeting 50 experts from each class, and conducted for about a month starting from the beginning of July 2019. The results show that the weight of the valuation criteria is higher in the order of farm acceptability, feasibility, and policy efficiency. Compliance with PLS standards, compliance with disposal standards of waste vinyl and pesticides, soil testing, compliance with toxic substance standards, education, etc. are comparatively evaluated to be higher cross-compliance items in basic cross-compliance. Disposing of an abandoned well, jointly collecting and disposing of agricultural by-products, common area care and cleaning, maintenance of empty houses and poor facilities, growing green manure crops during the fallow period, etc. are comparatively evaluated to be higher cross-compliance items for the additional cross-compliance. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the government's policy related to the cross-compliance of public-benefit direct payment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2016

This study suggests direction of new ordinance establishment for the future national application of Low Impact Development(LID) by analyzing current LID-related regulations of local governments, substantial agents to install and maintain a facility, through qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Four key words related to LID were derived from advisory conference and then ninety nine ordinances as the LID-related regulations were extracted to analyze. The study shows that rainwater-related ordinance passed in the middle of 2000s are being merely converted to the law on the promotion and support of water reuse. Regulations on water cycle and LID exist only in three cities nationwide(Seoul City, Suwon City and Namangju City). Interview with administrators of three cities to have LID-related regulations revealed following results. First, both rainwater and water reuse related regulations have not considered regional characteristics such as rainfall intensity, effects of impervious and merely followed guidelines by Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs. Second, existing ordinance is confined to specific facilities and thus cannot include the concept of LID which covers land and space utilization. Therefore, for proper application of LID, this study proposes issue of ordinance that resembles Seoul City ordinance and a new guideline that can reflect regional characteristics such as rainfall and location.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 2012

This paper evaluates the governance of the Andong International Mask Dance Festival. The evaluation focuses on mutual cross-assessment of agents engaging in governance relating to four elements: social justification, reliability, professionalism and transparency. Governance based on co-operative partnership was the essential factor leading to the mask festival's success. Governance of the Andong International Mask Dance Festival in 2011 was privately initiated governance having horizontal and open partnership among festival specialists, civil society organizations, regional business organizations, volunteers and local government, with the Andong Festival Tourism Foundation as the central figure. Three of governance elements were successfully carried through; the exception was transparency. The agents who gave more positive evaluations were those who played leading roles in planning and conducting events, as well as in assessing those events. The reasons for positively assessing the elements are the significance of the festival and the guarantee of agents' participation in social justification; the ability of agents, as well as cognitional and institutional trust in reliability; expert knowledge, capacity to suggest alternatives and duality of business in professionalism; and effective communication, the guarantee of opening of information and information sharing in transparency. To improve the effectiveness of governance, the system for allowing passive agents to contribute usefully should be strengthened. Mutual communication and sharing of information among agents, as well as between agents and residents, also should be more strongly reinforced.