• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.138-147
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• 2001

The stochiometric mixtures mixture of evaporating materials for the $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film was prepared from horizontal furnace. To obtain the $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film, $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched semi-insulting GaAs(100) in the Hot Wall Epitaxy(HWE) system. The sourceand substrate temperature were $610^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$, respectively and the growth rate of the $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film was about 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$/hr. The crystalline structure of $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film was investigated by photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD) measurement. The carrier density and mobility of $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film measured from Hal effect by van der Pauw method are $8.51{\times}10^{17}{\textrm}{cm}^{-3}$, 291$\textrm{cm}^2$/V.s at $293^{\circ}$K, respectively. From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c-axis of the $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit splitting $\Delta$So and the crystal filed splitting DCr were 0.0148eV and 0.1678 eV at $10^{\circ}$K, respectively. From the photoluminescence measurement of $ZnIn_{2}S_{4}$ single crystal thin film, we observed free excition($E_{X}$) typically observed only in high quality crystal and neutral donor bound exicton ($D^{\circ}$, X) having very strong peak intensity. The full width at half maximum and binding energy of neutral donor bound excition were 9meV and 26meV, respectively. The activation energy of impurity measured by Haynes rule was 130meV.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 1978

This study was conducted to characterize comparatively the accumulative patterns of protein and oil, temporal changes in electrophoretic components of proteins during seed development and maturation for the soybean varieties with high, medium and low protein contents. 1. The dry matter of the developing seed increases slowly for the first 22 days after flowering, followed by rapid linear increase for 20 to 30 days and further slow increase for 5 to 15 days attaining its maximum. During the period 12 to 27 days after flowering the protein content of seed increases rapidly while oil content increases rapidly. Following this period of rapid changes, there was period of slow increase until 40 to 47 days after flowering and no seizable further change in the content of both protein and oil. 2. The high protein variety, Saikai # 20, was characterized by shorter period and lower rate of decrease in protein content during the early period, followed by longer period and higher rate of increase in protein content, with earlier stop of oil accumlation during the seed development. 3. The low protein and high oil variety, Shelby, was characterized by longer period of decrease in protein content and shorter period of increase in protein content in contrast to the longer period of slow oil increase during seed development. 4. The temporal pattern of protein component accumulation during seed development was distinctly different among varieties differing in protein content. The time of distinct appearance of all the protein components identifiable in the matured seeds was in accordance with the end of d crease in the protein content of seed. A component having Rm of 0.03 which was absent in the matured seeds was identifiable during the first 17 days after flowering. 5. The high protein variety, Saikai # 20, had much higher compositioral ratio of the component a from the early days of seed development and it continued to increase until 47 days after flowering, while the increase in the composition of the component a stopped as early as 27 days after flowering in the other lower protein varieties. 6. The composition of the component b increased during the period from 17 to 42 days after flowering in all the varieties tested, but the rate of increase during the period was lowest in the high protein variety, Saikai # 20.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.579-583
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• 1999

Background: Thoracic sympathicotomy has been used safely and successfully to manage palmar hyperhidrosis. The preoperative and postoperative recording of Sympathetic Skin Responses(SSR) was performed for objective evaluation and follow-up of thoracic sympathicotomy in hyperhidrosis patients, and also for ascertaining the clinical usefullness of SSR. Material and Method: The recording of SSR was performed on 15 patients suffering from palmar hyperhidrosis with Medelec Sapphire Plus electromyogragh before and after thoracic sympathicotomy. Eletrical stimuli on the right median nerve was made in patients in supine position and results were recorded on right and left palms with soles at the same time by 4 channels. Skin temperatures were also monitored simultaneously. T2,3 sympathicotomy was performed with VATS in every patients. SSR was done in 2 patients one month later. Result: Clinically, all patients had symptomatic improvement with satisfaction. Postoperative complication was small amount of residual pneumothorax in 5 patients but it was absorbed sponteneously. There was no recurrence during follow-up period and ten patients(66%) complained compensatory hyperhidrosis. After operation, SSR change was shown in every 15 patients. Abolition of SSR on both palms was achieved in 12 patients(80%) and on both soles in 6 patients. In the other 3 patients, the latencies were significantly delayed and the amplitudes were significantly reduced at both palms and soles. In two patients who were examined at one month later after operation, similar results with postoperative SSRs were shown. The skin temperature on preoperative both palm and sole were lower than normal temperature, and those on postoperative both palm and sole were increased. Those had statistical significance(p<0.05), and the temperature on the palm was increased higher that than on the sole. Conclusion: After thoracic sympathicotomy was performed on palmar hyperhidrosis patients, an increment of skin temperatures and SSR changes were achieved at both palms and soles of all patients. Palmar SSRs were completely abolished in 12 patients(80%), and similar results of postoperative SSRs were achieved. The recording of SSR may be useful to easily and objectively assess the completeness of sympathicotomy and the follow-up of recurrence in hyperhidrosis patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1030-1036
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• 2008

In Korea, many types of traditional grape wine have existed starting from seven hundred years ago and horse-blossom-like-grape (mayu-podo) was mainly cultivated. Korean traditional wine (KTW) was manufactured by a unique method in which grape juice-added porridge made from glutinous rice was fermented by nuruk as a starter for brewing. Unfortunately, KTW making was discontinued in 20th century; thus, restoration of Korean wine culture is needed. KTWs were prepared by four traditional methods, and their qualities were compared to commercial wine made by sugaring grape juice. Ethyl alcohol contents, total acidity, pH and amino acid of the four KTWs were $9.2{\sim}11.2%$, $0.93{\sim}1.20\;mg$/100 mL, $3.02{\sim}3.48$ and $0.80{\sim}0.88\;mg$/100 mL respectively. The KTWs showed higher values in total acidity and amino acid than those of commercial grape wine. KTWs were rich in maltose, acetic acid and lactic acid. L, a and b value in Hunter's color value ranged $3.59{\sim}3.69$, $20.63{\sim}38.06$, and $1.20{\sim}1.56$, respectively. Sensory quality properties in color, flavor, taste and overall of KTWs were not different from commercial dry wine. Contents of total phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of KTWs were $599.6{\sim}652.2\;mg$/100 mL and $50.59{\sim}56.75%$, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

In this paper, the dependence of electrical characteristics of Silicon-$Al_2O_3$-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SANOS) memory cell transistors and program/erase (P/E) speed, reliability of memory device on interface trap between Si substrate and tunneling oxide and bulk trap in nitride layer were investigated using charge pumping method which has advantage of simple and versatile technique. We analyzed different SANOS memory devices that were fabricated by the identical processing in a single lot except the deposition method of the charge trapping layer, nitride. In the case of P/E speed, it was shown that P/E speed is slower in the SANOS cell transistors with larger capture cross section and interface trap density by charge blocking effect, which is confirmed by simulation results. However, the data retention characteristics show much less dependence on interface trap. The data retention was deteriorated as increasing P/E cycling number but not coincides with interface trap increasing tendency. This result once again confirmed that interface trap independence on data retention. And the result on different program method shows that HCI program method more degraded by locally trapping. So, we know as a result of experiment that analysis the SANOS Flash memory characteristic using charge pumping method reflect the device performance related to interface and bulk trap.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2014

The resistance levels of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), against 10 insecticides was checked and selected the applicable insecticide resistance markers. We conducted our study in 5 cabbage cultivation regions (Pyeongchang, Hongcheon, Bongwha, Muju, and Jeju) of Korea, over 3 successive years (2009-2011). We selected a multi-resistant (MR) strain from among the 5 field-collected populations. We analyzed esterase over-expression and mutation(s) in the target sites, by using native isoelectric focusing (IEF) and quantitative sequencing (QS). We detected esterase over-expression and StoF mutation in the acetylcholinesterase 1 gene (ace1) in all of the field-collected populations, including the MR strain. We did not detect the LtoF mutation, which is a well-known knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in the para-type sodium channel gene (para), in the MR strain; however, the value of the MR strain for bifenthrin was 3,461-fold higher than that of the susceptible strain. Our results indicate that insecticide resistance is more effectively evaluated using molecular markers than by conducting a bioassay. The molecular markers StoF in ace1 and MtoL in para can easily be applied in diagnostic methods such as QS or PCR amplification of specific alleles (PASA). These methods may be extended to management of M. persicae resistance in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2017

Effects of extraction methods on reducing concentrations of pro-oxidants (total iron and protein) of salmon was determined. For development of the extraction process, the effectiveness of several extraction methods was determined and compared, including heat treatment (60, 80, and $100^{\circ}C$), ion exchange and carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose column chromatography, and ultrafiltration (UF). Protein, total iron, and anserine contents of salmon extracts were 23.64 mg/mL, $16.20{\mu}g/mL$, and 5.47 mg/mL in non-heated extracts, 7.40 mg/mL, $2.32{\mu}g/mL$, and 5.20 mg/mL in heated extracts at $60^{\circ}C$, 7.64 mg/mL, $1.20{\mu}g/mL$, and 5.21 mg/mL at $80^{\circ}C$, and 7.04 mg/mL, $0.68{\mu}g/mL$, and 4.04 mg/mL at $100^{\circ}C$, respectively. Heating and UF decreased contents of protein and total iron, whereas only UF slightly decreased anserine content. Application of the primary ion exchange method increased the content of anserine up to 16%. Protein and total iron contents by the primary ion exchange method decreased by 70 and 98%, respectively. Secondary ion exchange (CM-cellulose) treatment after primary ion exchange and UF resulted in lower anserine content than the primary ion exchange method. However, the content of impurities (protein, total iron) was lower than in all other salmon extracts. Therefore, primary ion exchange, UF, and secondary ion exchange method were the best extraction processes in this study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2006

Background : IS6110 DNA fingerprint is a very useful tool for investigating the transmission of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological situations within a given area (one province). Methods : The 681 Mycbobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients, who were registered at health centers in Gyeonggi Province from May to December in 2004, were subjected to IS6110 DNA fingerprinting. Patients belonging to clusters were interviewed by health-workers to determine their previous contacts or household TB history. Results : The number of IS6110 copies of the 681 isolates showed diverse fingerprint patterns from 0 to 21 of which the most prevalent copy number was 10 from 120 isolates (17.6%). Thirty-three isolates (4.8%) belonged to the K strain, and 128 isolates (18.8%) belonged to the K family. There were 180 (26.4%) isolates belonged belonging to fifty clusters, of which two clusters were within household transmission. Forty-three (23.9%) out of 180 patients resided in an area under the same health center control. The rate of clusters in those aged 60-70 was higher than in any other age group ( 95% CI of RR : 1.072 ~ 1.988). Conclusion : This is the first report of an epidemiological survey based on a whole province using a DNA fingerprinting technique for M. tuberculosis. These results will be helpful in developing a program or policies to prevent the transmission of TB.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2003

The Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-known data analysis method that is useful in linear feature extraction and data compression. The PCA is a linear transformation that applies an orthogonal rotation to the original data, so as to maximize the retained variance. PCA is a classical technique for obtaining an optimal overall mapping of linearly dependent patterns of correlation between variables (e.g. neurons). PCA provides, in the mean-squared error sense, an optimal linear mapping of the signals which are spread across a group of variables. These signals are concentrated into the first few components, while the noise, i.e. variance which is uncorrelated across variables, is sequestered in the remaining components. PCA has been used extensively to resolve temporal patterns in neurophysiological recordings. Because the retinal signal is stochastic process, PCA can be used to identify the retinal spikes. With excised rabbit eye, retina was isolated. A piece of retina was attached with the ganglion cell side to the surface of the microelectrode array (MEA). The MEA consisted of glass plate with 60 substrate integrated and insulated golden connection lanes terminating in an 8${\times}$8 array (spacing 200 $\mu$m, electrode diameter 30 $\mu$m) in the center of the plate. The MEA 60 system was used for the recording of retinal ganglion cell activity. The action potentials of each channel were sorted by off­line analysis tool. Spikes were detected with a threshold criterion and sorted according to their principal component composition. The first (PC1) and second principal component values (PC2) were calculated using all the waveforms of the each channel and all n time points in the waveform, where several clusters could be separated clearly in two dimension. We verified that PCA-based waveform detection was effective as an initial approach for spike sorting method.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the mechanical properties of the abdominal aorta in school-aged patients treated for Kawasaki disease and in normal, healthy children. Methods : This study examined 28 children with Kawasaki disease who had been followed up on and 30 healthy subjects of the same age and gender. We recorded systolic (Ps) and diastolic (Pd) blood pressure values and the aortic diameter at both minimum diastolic (Dd) and maximum systolic (Ds) expansion using two-dimensional echocardiography. These measurements were used to determine 1) aortic strain: S=(Ds-Dd)/Dd; 2) pressure strain elastic modulus: Ep=(Ps-Pd)/S; and 3) normalized Ep: $Ep^*=Ep/Pd$. Results : Ep (P=0.008) and $Ep^*$ (P=0.043) of the Kawasaki disease group were relatively high compared to those of the control group. Ep (P=0.002) and $Ep^*$ (P=0.015) of patients with coronary aneurysm were also relatively high compared with those of patients without coronary aneurysm, but lipid profiles did not differ, except for homocysteine (P=0.008). Therefore, in patients with coronary aneurysm, aortic stiffness was higher, compared to not only the control group but also patients without coronary aneurysm. However, in patients without coronary aneurysm, aortic stiffness was not significant, different compared to the control group. Conclusion : Measuring aortic distensibility may be helpful in assessing the risk of early atheroscletic change in the long-term management of Kawasaki disease.