• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.237-238
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• 2000

최근 산업사회의 발전에 따라 수계 오염문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다. 따라서 이들 오염물질에 대한 모니터링을 위한 방법들이 강구되고 있으며, 이 중에서 어류 간의 cytochrome P450 호소계는 지방친화성 물질의 오염상태를 평가할 수 있는 물질로 알려지고 있다(Payne et al., 1987). PCBs(Polychlorinated biphenyls)와 HCB(Hexachlorobenzene)는 유기염소계 화합물로서 환경중에 널리 분포하고 있으며, 이중 PCBs는 신경계, 면역계 및 내분비계 등 생체내에 미치는 영향이 크므로 내분비장애물질(endocrine disruptor)로 분류되고 있고, HCB는 독성이 강한 화합물로서 주로 농업에서 fungicide로서 사용되어 왔으며. 다양한 산업 연소과정의 부산물로 발생되고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.327-328
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• 2001

최근 우리나라 연안의 오염은 날로 심각해지고 있는 실정이며, 이에 따른 해양생물의 피해는 상당할 것으로 예측된다. 이러한 영향을 파악하는 방법 중 수산생물의 생리대사의 변동을 조사하는 것은 이들 생물의 생산성과 관련이 클 것으로 인식되고 있다. 곤쟁이는 해양오염원에 대한 공시재료로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 연안 오염에 대한 간접적 평가에 좋은 실험재료로 생각되고 있다(Gaufin et al., 1965; McLusky and Heard, 1971). (중략)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2007

생활하수, 공장폐수, 농경유출수에 의해 수생태계로 유입된 다양한 화학물질들은 수서곤충이나 어류와 같은 수생생물에게 나쁜 영향을 주곤 한다. 비스페놀A와 노닐페놀을 포함하는 많은 화학물질들이 내분비계 장애물질(EDCs)로 의심되고 있고, 그들은 환경속에서 서로 다른 혼합형태로 공존하기도 한다. 따라서 비스페놀A와 노닐페놀의 혼합물이 독성과 생식학적 반응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 일본산 송사리의 수정란 치사율, 부화율 및 부화시간, 치어의 성장율 및 비텔로제닌 농도 등이 측정되었다. 수정된 지 24시간 이내의 수정란을 대조군, 양성대조군($17{\beta}-estradiol$), 그리고 서로 다른 농도의 비스페놀A와 노닐페놀의 혼합물에 부화 후 60일까지 유수식 조건하에 노출시켰다. 수정란${\sim}$치자어 단계에서는 대조군과 비교하여 실험군의 치사율 및 부화율, 부화시간에 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 부화 후 60일간의 노출 후 성장(길이, 무게)에 있어서도 비록 양성대조군에서 낮은 성장상태를 보였지만 다른 혼합물의 실험군들과는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 체내 비텔로제닌 농도는 혼합물의 농도증가에 따라 증가하였으며 수컷의 경우 최저농도의 혼합물(Treatment A)을 제외한 실험군에서 농도증가에 따라 증가하였다. 반면 양성대조군의 경우 수컷이 발견되지 않았고 암컷 체내의 비텔로제닌 농도는 최고농도의 혼합물(Treatment D) 실험군과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 위 실험을 통해 각각의 내분비계 장애물질이 개별적으론 생식발달 및 비텔로제닌 유도에 무영향농도(NOEC)라 하더라도 혼합된 경우 영향이 나타날 수 있다는 것을 보여주었으며, 이는 수환경 내 다양한 화학물들의 혼합효과(combination effect)가 생태위해성평가를 좀더 면밀하게 하기 위해서 주의 깊게 고려되어야 한다고 제안한다.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.243-256
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was to investigate fear of falling and related factors in elderly living alone based on fall experience. Methods: Participants were 404 elderly women(faller=148, non-faller=256) over 65 years who were homebound living alone in Jeollanam-do Province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using questionnaires from April $23^{th}$ to June $9^{th}$ 2013. The questionnaires consisted of demographic variables, fall experience, Fear of falling questionnaire(FOFQ), Falls Efficacy Scale(FES) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CES-D). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 14.0. Results: The fear of falling and the influential factors were different according to fall experience. Regression model for fear of falling in fallers significantly accounted for 46.1%(F=6.71, p<0.001); difficulty of performing activity, depression, fall-efficacy, static balance and assistive devices. Regression model for fear of falling in non-fallers significantly accounted for 55.2%(F=15.16, p<0.001); fall-efficacy, environmental hazards, difficulty of performing activity, risk of nutrition, housing type, dizziness and assistive devices. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that fall is an important health problem for elderly women living alone, and show fall experience for factors influencing fear of falling. These results could be used in the developing fall prevention programs.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2003

Objective：In this study, we hypothesized that deficit in processing rapid linguistic stimuli is at the heart of Reading Disability(RD) and deficit in response inhibition is at the heart of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity(ADHD). We conducted experiments to identify the core cognitive characteristics of children either with RD or with ADHD or with both, using attentional tasks and phoneme differential tests. Method：In the study 1, 28 children with ADHD, 16 children with RD+ADHD were individually administered visual/auditory performance tests. Then, the differences of performance on attentional tasks between two groups were compared while IQs of two groups were controlled. In the study 2, 13 children with RD+ADHD/RD, 13 children with ADHD, and 13 normal children were administered computerized phoneme differential tests. Result：Visual attentional tasks did not distinguish an ADHD group from a RD+ADHD group. With auditory attentional tasks, however, the comorbid group showed significantly more difficulties, causing a large variance in reaction time. RD, RD+ADHD, and ADHD groups showed more errors in phoneme differential tests than a normal control group, and each group showed distinctive performance patterns. Discussion：An ADHD group had difficulty in response inhibition and sustained attention, and children who also had RD along with ADHD magnified the auditory attentional difficulties. Even though children with RD had more trouble with responding correctly to target stimuli, their responses were not significantly different from those of children with ADHD.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.167-190
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• 1998

Nowadays there were two tendencies of studies about prognostic factors in stroke. One way was to define prognostic factors according to the radiological features. And the other way was to define according to the mental state, recognition, perception, motors, language, urinary&bowel incontinence etc.. The former could be objectively investigated, while the latter was difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine which variables would be predictors of stroke and which factors would be affect predictions most. The subjects of this study were 32 patients who were admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine, Dongguk Univ. College of Oriental Medicine whthin 48 hours from attack, Medical records were reviewed FIM, CNS, NIH stroke scale. We compared each sub-items of FIM, CNS, NIH stroke scale about mental state, recognition, perception, motors, language, urinary&bowel incontinence with MBI score at 4 weeks from admission. Also, we analyzed the correlations of sub-items and groups which devided into 5 according to independence of MBI score. And we found out the most influent factors with multiple regression analysis. The major results were as follows; 1. In mean of MBI score at 4 weeks of each groups devided low, middle, high score at mental state, recognition, perception, motors, language, urinary&bowel incontinence items, there were statistical differences in all items. 2. The mental state and lim ataxia sub-items had no significant correlations with groups divided according to independence of MBI score. All the other items were significantly correlated. 3. The most influent factors was recognition. The second was sensory and the third was bowel incontinence. 4. The most influent scales was FIM, and the second was CNS, and NlH had no statistical significancy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.281-300
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• 1999

측두하악장애환자와 정상대조군의 두경부 근육에 있어서 실제 또는 위약 치료에 따른 저출력 레이저의 효과와 측두하악장애환자에서 저출력 레이저의 효과적인 치료기간을 평가하기 위하여, 측두하악장애를 가진 부산대학교 치과대학생 19명과 측두하악장애의 병력이나 증상이 없는 부산대학교 치과대학생 20명을 대상으로 치료전, 치료 2주 및 치료 4주에 구외촉진이 가능한 32 근골격 촉진점의 압력통각역치와 각각의 동통정도와 두개하악지수를 측정하여 다음과 갈은 결론을 얻었다, 1. 치료전 환자군의 압력통각역치는 정상대조군 압력통각역치보다 낮았다(p<0.05), 2. 환자군의 압력통각역치는 유의하게 증가하였으며 (p<0.05) 레이저 조사 환자군의 증가된 압력통각역치는 레이저 모의조사-환자군의 증가된 압력통각역치보다 더 크게 나타났다. 3. 대조군에서는 레이저 조사나 모의 조사에 의해 압력통각역치와 변화가 없었다. 4. 레이저 조사-환자군의 압력통각역치가 안면근육에서는 치료2주부터 유의하게 증가하였고 경부근육에서는 치료4주부터 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05) 5. 레이저 조사-환자군에서 동통의 정도와 두개하악지수는 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2001

We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities(abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys(n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory(abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achievement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual-school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness-satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Spaced Retrieval Training (SRT) with Errorless learning on the elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)'s memory, Instrumental Activities Daily Living, Depression symptom. Methods: A single subject experimental research with ABA design was conducted in this study on the 78-years-old person who was enrolled in day-care center. The total experimental sessions were 16 which composed of 3 sessions for baseline, 10 sessions for intervention and 3 sessions for second baseline. K-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT) was measured for the memory each session. For the measurement of cognitive function, IADL, depression Symptom, Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), Philadelphia Geriatric Center Instrumental Activities Daily Living (PGC IADL), Geriatric Depression Scale Korean Version (GDS-K) was measured at pre-post test. Results: Memory at the phase B was improved than Phase A. At the phase B, the scores trend was ascending, but after the intervention at the phase A', the scores trend was descending. The scores of MoCA-K were improved, PGC IADL were maintained, GDS-K were decreased. Conclusion: This results support the evidence of the SRT with EL on the elderly with MCI in the clinical setting. In the future, the correlation researches about MCI's memory and other functional factors will be needed for effective occupational therapy service.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-45
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• 1992

This study presents the behavioral and cognitive changes by administration of methylphenidate(MPH) and imipramine(IMI) for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in $5_{1/2}{\sim}12$ years old children referred to child psychiatric clinics. Behavioral changes are assessed with parent's and teacher's ratings. Drug effects on attention. short-term memory, and impulsivity are evaluated with psychological tests in laboratory. The changes were assessed twice in a 8-week periods. The data were analyzed seperately for 15 subjects each drug using repeated measured analysis of variance(ANOVA). The findings indicates that behavioral and cognitive impairments are improved by both drugs, but impulsivity is not. And MPH is superior to IMI on the improvement of attentional problem ; especially the findings indicates important differences between simple task and complex. perceptual-search task. These data confirm the effectiveness of MPH for treatment of ADHD, also raise questions regarding assessment method of attention and impulsivity as fell as importance of impulsivity in ADHD.