• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.665-676
• /
• 2022

The e-commerce had been expanding in the distribution channels, recently. Then, COVID-19 and social distancing rules led to a surge of online hypermarkets volume. In this study, we examined workplace environments of delivery drivers, firstly. Second, this study was also designed to examine the influencing factors of the perceived working environments change on the job satisfaction, dealing with the recent surge of work. We analyzed 324 data using various ways like descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The analysis revealed that their job satisfaction was lower than the average score and their working time was too long. In addition, the changes of the workplace environments were divided into labor intensity change and working condition change, which all had a significant effect on job satisfaction. So we should devise some long-term and short-term plans to make the level of job satisfaction among delivery drivers high on workplace environments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.46-48
• /
• 2011

선원들은 '배'라는 한정된 생활공간에서 공동생활을 하면서 선원만의 특수한 생활형태를 형성하고 있다. 즉 선원근로자들은 선상작업을 통하여 통일적이고 협동적인 과업수행을 요구 받으며, 바다라는 고립적 환경에서 장기간 단조로운 집단생활로 인하여 상당한 스트레스에 노출되어 있을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 선내의 환경은 운항에 따른 높은 수준의 소음과 선체의 동요, 한랭과 폭염, 습도 등에 노출되어 있으며, 장시간 격리된 채 바다에서 생활함으로써 가족, 친구 등과의 교류의 기회가 제약됨으로써 이러한 요인들 또한 스트레스로 작용할 가능성이 높은 직업군이다. 본 연구에서는 선상환경에서 선원들의 스트레스 요인과 그 대처방안을 모색하고자 그 기초조사로써 예부선 선원근로자의 직무스트레스와 직무만족도 조사를 실시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2019

Korea's average annual working hours are among the highest in the OECD. Such long-term work has been a factor that reduces the quality of life by discouraging workers' productivity and interrupting the compatibility of work and family, prompting the government to encourage flexible work systems, such as increasing part-time jobs, but a lack of quality part-time jobs. Part-time work enables flexible labor for workers, but at the same time, workers will involuntarily opt for part-time work as they have poor working conditions and negative social views. In this respect, the effect of the working type on an individual's life is expected to be different. In addition, for women, gender gaps exist in the labor market and the impact of part-time work on life satisfaction is expected to differ from men in terms of working and family alike. Using the data from the 2017 "Seoul Survey Urban Policy Indicator Survey", the ordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the cross-effect of working type and sex on satisfaction. The analysis of the study showed that when other factors were controlled, life satisfaction was high in the order of fulltime female, full-time male, part-time female, and part-time male. In addition, further analysis shows that the parttime female workers have the highest probability of choosing low life satisfaction, while the probability of choosing high life satisfaction is the lowest, and full-time male workers have the lowest probability of choosing low life satisfaction, while the highest probability of choosing high life satisfaction is the highest.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.229-260
• /
• 2018

Workaholism refers to a state in which work is the center of self, a state in which other life other than work is deemed worthless, and a state in which one feels that his or her life ends when things get lost. There are concerns that South Korea's work-centered institutions, cultures and long-time labor practices expose workers to workaholism. This study identifies the prevalence of workaholism and its risk factors among workers using a representative sample from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. The results of empirical analysis of the wide range of workaholism showed that 7.0% of Korean workers were work-addicts. Male, workers working long hours, daily workers, employers, the self-employed were more likely to be work-addicts. Those who think that workload is high beyond regular working hours are more likely to be work-addicts. These results were also confirmed by regression analysis. It suggests that policies to shorten working hours and strengthen job and income stability can reduce the risk of workaholism and balance between work and life.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 2021

Labor contracts appear in form as an exchange relationship between labor products and wages, but since they transcend the level of simple barter, they can be economically identified as "trading" and can be identified as "rental." From a legal point of view, a legal device that legally supports and imposes binding force on commodity exchange relations is a contract. Such a labor contract led to a relationship in which wages were received and a certain amount of time was placed under the direction and supervision of the employer as a counter benefit to the receipt of wages. Since working hours are subordinate hours with one's labor under the disposition authority of the employer, long hours of work can be done for the health and safety of workers and furthermore, it can be an act that violates the value to enjoy as a human being. The reduction of working hours needs to be shortened in terms of productivity and enjoyment of workers' culture so that they can expand and reproduce, but users' corporate management labor and production activities should also be compatible compared to those pursued by capitalist countries. Working hours can be seen as individual time and time in society as a whole, and long hours of work at the individual level are reduced, which is undesirable at the individual level, but an increase in products due to an increase in production time at the social level can help social development. It is necessary to consider working hours in terms of finding the balance between these individual and social levels. If the regulation method of working hours was to regulate the total amount of working hours, flexibility and elasticity of working hours are a qualitative regulation method that allows companies to flexibly allocate and organize working hours within a certain range of up to 52 hours per week. Accordingly, it is necessary to shorten working hours, but expand and implement the flexible working hours system according to the situation of the company. To this end, it is necessary to flexibly operate the flexible working hours system, which is currently limited to six months, handle the selective working hours by agreement between employers and workers, and expand the target work of discretionary working hours according to the development of information and communication technology and new types based on the 4th industrial revolution.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.57-70
• /
• 2022

In modern industrial capitalism, the relationship between the provision of work and the receipt of wages has become an important principle governing society. According to the labor contract, the wages provided by entrusting the right to dispose of one's labor to the employer are directly compensated, and human life should be guaranteed and reproduced with proper rest. The establishment of labor relations under free contracts represents a problem in protecting workers, and accordingly, the maximum of working hours is set as a minimum right for workers, and the standard for minimum rest is set and assigned. The reduction of working hours is very important in terms of the quality of life of workers, but it is also an important issue in efficient corporate activities. As of 2020, Korea has 1,908 hours of annual working hours, the third lowest among OECD 37 countries in the happiness index surveyed by the Sustainable Development Solution Network(SDSN), an agency under the United Nations. Accordingly, the necessity of reducing working hours has been recognized, and the maximum working hours per week has been limited to 52 hours since 2018. In this situation, various working hours are legally excluded as a way to maintain the company's value-added creation and meet the diverse needs of workers, and Korea's Labor Standards Act restricts flexible working hours within three months, flexible working hours exceeding three months, selective working hours, and extended working hours. However, in the discussion on the application of the revised flexible working hours system in 2021 and the expansion of the settlement unit period recently discussed, there is a problem with the flexible working hours system, which needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the problems of the flexible working hours system and improvement measures. The flexible working hours system is a system that does not violate working hours even if the legal working hours are exceeded on a specific day or week according to a predetermined standard, and does not have to pay additional wages for excessive overtime work. It is mainly useful as a form of shift work in manufacturing, sales service, continuous business or electricity, gas, water, and transportation for long-term operations. It is also used as a way to shorten working hours, such as expanding holidays through short working days. However, if the settlement unit period is expanded, it is disadvantageous to workers as the additional wages that workers can receive will not be received. Therefore, First, in order to expand the settlement unit period currently under discussion, additional wages should be paid for the period expanded from the current standard. Second, it is necessary to improve the application of the flexible working hours system to individual workers to have sufficient consultation with individual workers in a written agreement with the worker representative, Third, clarify the allowable time for extended work during the settlement unit period, and Fourth, limit the daily working hours or apply to continuous rest. In addition, since the written agreement of the worker representative is an important issue in the application of the flexible working hours system, it is necessary to secure the representation of the worker representative.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.82-111
• /
• 2010

The goal of this paper was to understand the skill-up experiences of ex-participants of the customized training program in Technical High Schools for Small and Medium Business during first 2 years in Company through qualitative interviews with 3 purposefully selected ex-participants. Their core skill-up experience in this period was assumed as the shift from' dependent worker' to 'independent worker' on the base of literature review. The results of this study were following : 1. The small and medium companies offered a few formal training for newcomers, production-site orientation through short job rotation, linking them with skilled workers and job manuals or job standards. 2. Authentic skill-up experiences were combined with a structured reprimand, peer learning, deep learning through reflection on one's own experiences. 3. There were a few handicap conditions that disturbed their skill-up activities: the skilled worker don't open their skill toward new corner; the ex-participants in company had no time to learn anything meaningful to up-grade their competency.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study analyzed the relationship between working hours and the occurrence of industrial disasters based on manufacturing businesses that are members of Federation of Korean Trade Unions.Methods: Repliers were managers of the safety & health department in the union, and 215 surveys out of 300 businesses that agreed to participate in the research were analyzed. Results: 94 out of 300 companies, which counted for 43.7%, replied to have experienced industrial disasters. 56 of those (59.6%) had less than 52 working hours per week, and 38 companies (40.4%) had more than 52 working hours per week. 109 companies, which counted for 50.7%, did not have an incident of industrial disaster. Companies with an average of more than 52 hours of working hours per week were shown to have a 2.29 times (95% CI 1.08~4.87) higher possibility of having industrial disasters than those with less than 52 hours of working hours. Conclusion: As the study showed that industrial disasters were more likely to occur in businesses with working hours longer than 52 hours, ways to reduce working hours need to be developed and various safety measures need to be taken to prevent industrial disasters in case workers are undergoing long working hours.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 2015

Working the night-shift and long working hours may be linked to insomnia. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between night-shift work and long working-hours with regard to subjective insomnia in Korean workers. This study was based on the Third Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) conducted on workers in 2011. The total number of individuals included in the analysis was 34,708 workers. Adjusted odd ratios showed statistically effective associations to insomnia. For night-shift work, the results were 2.71 (1.53 - 4.82) for night shift work by experts and managers, 2.95 (2.11 - 4.11) for night-shift work by officers, and 3.90 (2.05 - 7.42) for night-shift work by engineers compared with day duty. For long working hours, the scores were 2.43 (1.68-3.51) for >52 working hours by officers, 1.72 (1.15 - 2.58) for those in sales and service compared to ${\leq}40$ working hours. We suggest the need for Korean workers to target specific groups when creating policies related to reasonable environmental conditions.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2004

It has been estimated that up to $80\%$ of all marine accidents have human elements as a cause. t of these, human elements of crew fatigue is main causes of marine accident. Crew fatigue involves sleep, schedule. workload. off-time. alcohol health and stress. With a ship handling simulator, the effect of alcohol on ship operational performance is studied for each 0.05 and $0.08g\%$ blood alcohol concentrations. A main effect for alcohol was found indicating that ship operational performance was significantly impaired by this alcohol relative to performance in the non-alcohol condition. The results of this research can be applied to minimize marine accidents as basic data.