• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2022

As low altitude long-range artillery threat has been strengthened, the development of anti-artillery interception system to protect assets against its attacks will be kicked off. We view the defense of long-range artillery attacks as a typical dynamic weapon target assignment (DWTA) problem. DWTA is a sequential decision process in which decision making under future uncertain attacks affects the subsequent decision processes and its results. These are typical characteristics of Markov decision process (MDP) model. We formulate the problem as a MDP model to examine the assignment policy for the defender. The proximity of the capital of South Korea to North Korea border limits the computation time for its solution to a few second. Within the allowed time interval, it is impossible to compute the exact optimal solution. We apply approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach to check if ADP approach solve the MDP model within processing time limit. We employ Shoot-Shoot-Look policy as a baseline strategy and compare it with ADP approach for three scenarios. Simulation results show that ADP approach provide better solution than the baseline strategy.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.200
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.70-81
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• 2023

The choice of business method is a necessary decision at the last moment of life, and to this end, we use several criteria. Our funeral methods were dominated by ancestral worship culture and religion, not nature. It is only recently that nature was used as a means from a human perspective, but natural field methods such as consideration for nature and symbiosis with nature have emerged. The recent high public preference for natural fields is today's strong zeitgeist and nature-friendly values. Based on statistics in 2021, Korea's national cremation rate exceeded 92%, and compared to less than 20% of the cremation rate just 20 years ago, our business method has changed rapidly. As the cremation promotion movement and government policies, which began in the early 90s, were systematically developed, the enshrinement facility was established next to us. However, while this was also subject to criticism of national damage, the Jang Act called natural field was introduced into the system in 2008, and about 15 years have passed, but the revitalization of natural field is slower than expected. One of the reasons for the stagnation of development is to forget the basic spirit of the natural field (once you return to the forest), and to think like a graveyard grave. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the background of the introduction and current operation of natural fields and present development measures to improve memorial services to make natural fields loved by the people.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.249-256
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• 2019

This study started from the question of what is the perception of high school students' college of management, 'business school', which is the demand of university education. Especially, for the analysis, the Q methodology was used to typify the recognition. 30 high school students classified 30 selected Q-statements into 9points standard. As a result of analysis, three types were defined. emphasized 'overall management', 'business', and 'money management'. So, we called "Type of Overall Business Interest". emphasized 'money management' 'Member Management'. So, we called "Type of Management Money and Member". And emphasized 'business', 'marketing' and 'sales'. So, we called "Type of Business Recognition". In addition, we found a hypothesis that high school students' perception of the business line would be different according to the characteristics of the respondents.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Currently, social interest in post-cremation funerals is growing due to the establishment of cremation culture. In addition, as awareness of nature-friendly funeral methods spreads in modern times, the demand for tree burial grounds and tree groves, which are representative natural burial methods, is increasing. However, if the current method of relying on trees is used, the forest burial may damage the forest and turn it into another cemetery. The tree decoration is a funeral method that contains the temporal meaning of humans returning to the space of nature that we have, and the philosophical meaning that humans return in compliance with nature. Like this, there are quite a few concerns. Even though tree burials are not the traditional burial facilities we are familiar with, many of the facilities and operating systems adopt the standards of park cemeteries and have stricter standards and restrictions than natural burials under the law. This rigidity is intended to preserve the forest, but the reality is that it limits the expansion and operation of tree plantations. To this end, this study seeks to find specific improvement measures for sustainable tree plantation operation. To this end, we look at the types of natural fields in foreign countries and find directions for tree planting that can be effectively applied and established in accordance with the sentiments of the people. Specific improvement measures include an enshrinement method that does not rely on memorial trees, the operation of anonymous or anonymous tree planting, a change in the method of visiting and commemorating, and various mountaineering methods, thereby suggesting alternatives to sustainable tree planting in Korea. The place where tree planting is implemented is the forest, that is, the forest itself. I should be a place where the spirit of natural return, which is the essence of the deceased, can be celebrated through the forest, not a funeral facility. By doing so, it will be possible to provide the public value of the forest, that is, the social function of the forest, in the name of an eco-friendly funeral service.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1194-1202
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• 2012

Adiponectin and Gut hormones(insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1) are recently discovered peptides that are associated with lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and control appetite. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute treadmill exercise(walking, 45min ; all-out running, 5min) on Adiponectin and gut hormones in high school ssireum player(light class, n=8; heavy class, n=8). From the experimental results, Adiponectin and ghrelin of light class were significantly higher than heavy class(p<.05), but there was no difference between pre and post exercise. Insulin level of heavy class was significantly higher than that of light class(p<.01) and no difference between pre and post exercise. Only glucagon significantly increased after exercise(p<.01), but no difference between classes. PYY and GLP-1 were no difference on classes and pre vs. post-exercise. The result of this study suggest that adiponectin, ghrelin and insulin were affected by body weight(light class vs. heavy class) and glucagon was affected by acute exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.531-540
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• 2022

In this paper, we present an algorithm that identifies artillery type and rapidly predicts the impact point based on the IMM filter. The ballistic trajectory equation is used as a system model, and three models with different ballistic coefficient values are used. Acceleration was divided into three components of gravity, air resistance, and lift. And lift acceleration was added as a new state variable. The kinematic condition that the velocity vector and lift acceleration are perpendicular was used as a pseudo-measurement value. The impact point was predicted based on the state variable estimated through the IMM filter and the ballistic coefficient of the model with the highest mode probability. Instead of the commonly used Runge-Kutta numerical integration for impact point prediction, a semi-analytic method was used to predict impact point with a small amount of calculation. Finally, a state variable initialization method using the least-square method was proposed. An integrated algorithm including artillery type identification, impact point prediction and initialization was presented, and the validity of the proposed method was verified through simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.208-220
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• 2011

Korean traditional practice that gets a gravesite for burial and reckless grave establishment not only obstructs systematic national land management and reasonable urban development, but also causes a serious factor which has a harmful effect on natural environment and residential space in reality that our country is limited in area and national and social bases for use and establishment of graves are still inadequite. Though government and local governments have tried to cope with these problems by enacting legislation on funeral and others and so forth, they still have a variety of problems due to the shortage of grave management systems and information of accumulated individual graves. This study describes about the development of a GIS-based grave management system for making administrative management for individual cemeteries the prime object. As a result of application to a pilot area, the system developed in this study was able to be applied for supporting the time-limited burial system and managing cemeteries for those who left no relatives behind by constructing the database with grave-related position/attribute information which are collected by administrative system or direct survey. In addition, it is expected that this system will be utilized as a systematic management method that can be handed down the present or the future descendants under the tradition of the family-oriented funeral culture.

• Vending industry
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

사례 1>> 요즘 점포 앞 같은 아웃도어 로케이션은 경품을 뽑은 크레인게임기 일색이다. 과거만 해도 자동판매기가 설치되었던 로케이션에서 자판기는 퇴출되고, 크레인게임기가 자리매김한 곳이 많다. 자판기가 설치되어 있는 곳 중에서도 장사도 안하고 흉물스럽게 방치된 로케이션이 많다 사례 2>> 서울에서 자판기 전문점을 운영하는 S씨. S씨 사무실에는 근무하는 사람이 달랑 3명이다. 아내가 경리 및 관리를 맡고 있고, 계약직 직원 한명이 자판기 운영관리를 담당한다. S씨는 간혹 가다 있는 실수요 판매를 진행할 정도이고, 방판 영업은 중단한지 오래이다. 과거 4년여 전만 하도 영업사원을 5명 거느리고 있었지만 시장이 죽자 방판조직을 없애 버린 것. 메이커 전문점의 간판을 걸어 놓고 한 달에 1-2대 기계를 판매하고 있을 뿐이다. 사례 3>> 기자가 취재를 위해 과거 자판기 판매 영업을 잘하기로 유명했던 모유통점 사정에게 연락을 했다. 그러나 그에게 들여오는 말은 실망스러웠다. "이제 자판기 사업은 안하는데요." 자판기 시장이 극도의 침체를 보이다 보니 자판기 영업을 포기하고, 다른 아이템 분야로 사업을 바꿨다. 위의 사례들은 우리 아웃도어 자판기들이 처한 현실을 여실히 보여 준다. 과거만 해도 아웃도어 자판기들은 방문판매 영업의 주 타깃시장으로 자판기 시장 활성화에 중추적인 역할을 했던 게 사실이다. 하지만 시장은 급격하게 몰락을 하여 비전을 잃어버린 시장이 되었다. 아웃도어 자판기들은 하나하나 사라지고 있으며, 자판기 방문판매 시장은 거의 명맥만 이어가고 있을 정도로 심각한 상황이다. 어쩌다 시장이 이렇게 되어 버린 걸까? 자판기 산업의 가장 핵심 로케이션인 아웃도어가 어쩌다가 경쟁력을 읽고 퇴출당하는 상황을 맞고 있는 것일까? 위기의 아웃도어 자판기 시장을 되살린 방법은 과연 없는 것일까?

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-104
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• 2008

Objectives: Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a kind of health promotion approach to increase social cohesion and sense of community, which has built the collaborated partnership in all phases. This has the co-ownership of research objectives and knowledges produced by residents, and the outcome was taken to enhance community empowerment. This study performed to embody CBPR, which had regulated collective health status approached by social epidemiology. Methods: Reference review had been exercised focused on CBPR books and papers published since 1990. Our interests were aimed at its paradigm and methodological issues. Particularly, we problematized its feasibility in the social and behavioral foundations of pubic health. Results: According to the review, CBPR shared critical understanding and decision-making related to their community development including health status. Therefore, it was strength-based approach in spite of scientific dichotomy. CBPR created social cohesion and community empowerment with all participants, because it sublated contradiction between subjectivism and objectivism. Conclusions: The success of CBPR needs what we so called trust, democracy, collaboration, devotion, and consensus of equity. Despite these factors, CBPR may be a methodological transition to prepare some intervention of health inequality. This is because it does emphasize a mixture of theory and praxis to manage vulnerable people in community.