• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Jack-up drilling rigs are widely used in offshore oil and gas exploration industry. It is originally designed for use in the shallow waters less than 60m of water depth; there is growing demand for their use in deeper water depth over 150m and harsher environmental conditions. In this study, global in-place analysis of jack-up rig leg for North-sea oil well is performed through numerical analysis. Firstly, environmental conditions and seabed characteristics at the North-sea are collected and investigated measurements from survey report. Based on these data, design specifications are established and the overall basic design is performed. Dynamic characteristics of the jack-up rig for North-sea are considered in the global in-place analysis both leg and hull and the basic stability against overturning moment is also analyzed. The structural integrity of the jack-up rig leg/hull is verified through the code checks and the adequate safety margin is observed. The uncertainty in jack-up behaviour is greatly influenced by the uncertainties in the soil characteristics that determine the resistance of the foundation to the forces imposed by the jack-up structure. Among the risks above mentioned, the punch-through during pre-loading is the most frequently encountered foundation problem for jack-up rigs. The objective of this paper is to clarify the detailed structure and installation engineering matters for prove the structural safety of jack-up rigs during operation. With this intention the following items are addressed; - Characteristics of structural behavior considering soil effect against environmental loads - Modes of failure and related pre-loading procedure and parameters - Typical results of structural engineering and verification by actual measurement.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.9.2-9
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• 1982

The incidence of decannulation difficulty included tracheal stenosis has markedly increased in recent years because of translaryngeal intubation and tracheostomy although advancing antibiotics and new treatment for these problems. Treatment has always been difficult but in mild cases, a new soft, flexible tracheal T-tube that designed to maintain an adequate tracheal airway as well as to provide support in the reconstructed trachea and in severe cases, transverse resection with subsquent end to end anastomosis has been used in recent years. Authors experienced 2 cases of tracheal stenosis and decannulation difficulty which developed after tracheostomy that was performed due to automobile accident and fall down respectively and using a silicone tracheal T-tube for 3 months good results were obtained. So authors reported with brief review of literatures.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1982-1990
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• 2010

Excepting tunnel of dorimstream - ccachimountain station section, the subway line No.2th section was build using ASSM and NATM methods because of soil pressure and land condition. The way of dealing underground water was selected without sufficient preconsideration of geographical features, ground condition, influence of lowing underground water, and long-term cost of running maintenance so that the form of undrained tunnel was build having decreased construction characteristics and technically improper elements. The form of partial drainage is very difficult to manage structures of tunnel, because water leakage, water pressure causing cracks of lining concretes and scaling are constantly happened. so partial drainage suggest that setting reinforced Anchor Bolt to prevent buoyancy and should increase center drainage way up to height of railroad. Partial drainage suggest that holey pipe(${\phi}$350mm) manhole, drainage checking pipe manhole are should be regularly dredged, when changing roadbed(gravel${\rightarrow}$concrete) drainage checking pipe manhole should be build and setting a limitation of entering underground water's quantities. Beside drainage degree in changed section of structures causing instability of structures is continuous degree. so if efficient drainage way and the patterns of flaws, problems are considered in survey, it will be expected to have a advantage condition in maintenance part.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 1986

이 연구는 우리나라에 있어서의 도시로의 인구이동과 도시매력도와의 관계를 <인지-행태>론적인 관점에서 설명하려데 그 목적이 있다. Julian Wolpert (1965)의 "장소효용접근방법"으로 체계화된 이 이론의 요지는 사람들이 이주대상지를 결정함에 있어서 그 대상지의 객과적인 매력도 보다는 자신들이 갖고 있는 정보를 토대로 주관적으로 판단한 이른바 "인지된 매력도"에 좌우된다는 점이다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라의 자료를 토대로 Wolpert의 가설을 검증하여 보았다. 인구이동의 관점에서 본 도시매력도의 구성요소를 (1) 소득수준, (2) 취업기회, (3) 교육기회, (4) 주거사정, (5) 도시시설의 질, (6) 이주시 도움을 받을 수 있는 친지의 유무, (7) 사회적 성장기회 등 7개 항목으로 분류하여 우리나라의 도시들을 객관적인 매력도와 주관적인 매력도로 계량화하였다. 객관적인 매력도는 기존의 통계자료를 지표화하여 측정하였고, 주관적인 매력도는 충청북도 주민들을 대상으로 1983년 현재 인구 10만 이상의 36개 도시에 대한 매력도 순위 설문조사를 통해 계량화하였다. 이들 매력도를 독립변수로 하고 충북으로부터 각 도시로 전출된 인구를 종속변수로 하여 통계적 분석을 한 결과 객관적인 매력도는 인구이동 현상을 55-58% 설명하였으나, 주관적인 매력도는 약 95%정도 설명하는 것으로 나타나 인구이동 의사결정이 주민들에게 인지된 주관적 매력도에 크게 의존하고 있음이 판명되었다. 따라서 학교교육이나 대중매체를 이용한 장기적인 <인포메이션 프로그램>을 개발하여 농촌생활이나 중소도시에서의 생활의 장점을 널리 계몽하여 도시의 주관적 매력도와 객관적 매력도간의 간격을 좁혀주는 정책도 매우 유용한 대도시 인구분석정책대안의 하나가 될수 있을 것이다.정책대안의 하나가 될수 있을 것이다.다. 고로 본고에서는 주사제의 처방설계및 제조(방법, 공정)에 관하여 개괄적으로 논하고자 한다.약화되어 저적면적빈도분포가 정상분포 단계에 도달되기 전에 바로 platykurtic분포로 되는 것이 아니고 leptokurtic 분포적 단계를 거친다고 본다때 시간의 경과를 따라 생성되어지는 Cyclodextrin의 함량의 변화를 추적하여 4시간전후에서 최고량이 되는 것을 볼 수 있으며 동시에 포위화합물을 형성시킬수 있을때는 그 생성률이 큰 영향을 이르킬수 있는 것을 지적할 수 있다.한 특성을 보여 식품제조, 식육연화 등 식품산업 분야에서의 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 보이며, 나아가 단백질이 갖는 식품학적 기능성을 높이는 데에도 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.를 한 후 저온 냉장차를 이용하여 유통한다면 관행 유통 구조보다 고품질의 포도를 유통시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료되며 앞으로는 완숙된 고 당도(12.0~15.0Bx)$^{\circ}$ 포도를 수확 한 즉시 예냉 처리하고 저온 유통한다면 보다 신선한 과일을 소비자에게 전달 할 수 있을 것이다.갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2016

Aquatic ecosystems are receiving various harmful effects due to anthropogenic chemical pollutions. To protect wildlife, risk assessments of the chemicals are conducted using reference indexes of toxicity estimated by species-level laboratory tests and/or micro-/mesocosm community-level studies. However, the existing micro-/mesocosm communities are structurally too complicated, and it is also difficult to compare the experimental results directly with those from species-level tests. Here, we developed a procedure of a simple bi-trophic microcosm experiment which contains the common species (a green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and a cladoceran, Daphnia magna) for testing chemical toxicities. For the proper operation of bitrophic microcosm experiment, the minimum required concentration of primary producer (P. subcapitata) is $5{\times}10^5cells\;mL^{-1}$. The microcosm system showed higher stability when the initially introduced D. magna population was composed of neonates (<24-h old) than adults and those mixture. This simple microcosm system would be an applicable tool to estimate the disturbing impacts of pollutants on plant-herbivore interactions, and linking the species- and population-/community level risk assessments in the future studies.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The piezoelectric energy road analysis technology using a three-dimensional finite element method was developed to investigate pavement behaviors when piezoelectric energy harvesters and a new polyurethane surface layer were installed in field conditions. The main purpose of this study is to predict the long-term performance of the piezoelectric energy road through the proposed analytical steps. METHODS : To predict the stresses and strains of the piezoelectric energy road, the developed energy harvesters were embedded into the polyurethane surface layer (50 mm from the top surface). The typical type of triaxial dump truck loading was applied to the top of each energy harvester. In this paper, a general purpose finite element analysis program called ABAQUS was used and it was assumed that a harvester is installed in the cross section of a typical asphalt pavement structure. RESULTS : The maximum tensile stress of the polyurethane surface layer in the initial fatigue model occurred up to 0.035 MPa in the transverse direction when the truck tire load was loaded on the top of each harvester. The maximum tensile stresses were 0.025 MPa in the intermediate fatigue model and 0.013 MPa in the final fatigue model, which were 72% and 37% lower than that of the initial stage model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : The main critical damage locations can be estimated between the base layer and the surface layer. If the crack propagates, bottom-up cracking from the base layer is the main cracking pattern where the tensile stress is higher than in other locations. It is also considered that the possibility of cracking in the top-down direction at the edge of energy harvester is more likely to occur because the material strength of the energy harvester is much higher and plays a role in the supporting points. In terms of long-term performance, all tensile stresses in the energy harvester and polyurethane layer are less than 1% of the maximum tensile strength and the possibility of fatigue damage was very low. Since the harvester is embedded in the surface layer of the polyurethane, which has higher tensile strength and toughness, it can assure a good, long-term performance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.227-243
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• 2006

In modern society, private securities have developed their capabilities continuously. However, despite the fact that not only security industries have been considerably expanded in quantity, but also plenty of scholars published diverse papers relating to security problems, qualitative growths of private securities have not accomplished fully. Especially, securing the President would not be guaranteed only by PSS(Presidential Security Service). In order to secure the President successfully, it is necessary for all the social parts to strive to protect the President. In this respect, improving private securities, including academic fields, might be critical so as to succeed in securing the President. Without the supports from private securities, there might be lots of security problems in national context. Therefore, this study proposes several policy suggestions for the cooperation among PSS, private security industries and academic fields: (1) Providing a lot of practical knowledge from PSS to college students, (2) Personnel exchange between academic parts and PSS to promote the efficiency of securing the President, (3) Furnishing diverse information and knowledge about security to private securities, (4) Formulating security-searching standards, (5) Expanding educational institutions under PSS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.5 s.250
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• pp.371-376
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• 2005

Background: Retrospective study was carried out on patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax with the aim of determining if conventional thoracoscopic wedge resection is superior to modified transaxillary minithoracotomy with thoracoscopy in the surgical treatment. Material and Method: 160 patients, aged 14 to 35 years with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were involved in this study. Patients were assigned to two groups by surgical technique; Conventional thoracoscopic wedge resection (group A; n=80) and modified transaxillary minithoracotomy with thoracoscopy (group B; n=80). Apical pleural abrasion & talc poudrage were performed in all cases. This study evaluated the following factors: duration of operation, days of analgesics used after operation, number of no air leak on the first postoperative day, duration of indwelling chest tube, hospital stay, postoperative complications, chronic chest pain (during follow-up) and resumption of normal activity. Relapses (ipsilateral recurrence after discharge) during follow-up periods were evaluated. Result: No significant differences were found in any of the factors studied in either group. Conclusion: Conventional thoracoscopic wedge resection and modified transaxillary minithoracotomy with thoracoscopy offer similar results in the surgical treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. The rate of complication is low and the level of pain is acceptable without long-term sequele. Therefore, modified transaxillary minithoracotomy with thoracoscopy method appears as a valuable alternative surgical technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.630-634
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• 2009

According to the 2007 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) report, a congenital diagnosis, infantile transplantation and being on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the time of transplant are risk factors for mortality for the patients who undergo a heart transplant, and a large body weight ratio also increases the risk of mortality. The patient of this case underwent a Ross operation and mitral valve repair due to left ventricle outflow track obstruction and mitral regurgitation. But the baby was treated with ECMO due to heart failure after the operation. When he was 3-months-old and had been. on 30 days of ECMO, he underwent a heart transplant with a heart that had a high donor-recipient weight ratio (4.42). We present this case from a technical standpoint and we include a review of the relevant literature.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.155-177
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• 1991

The promotion of economic exchange and cooperation between North and South Korea is significant in two ways. First, the pursuit of economic interest can lead gradually to the unification of the national economies. Second, economic relations can serve as the first stride toward political reunification. There are, however, many difficulties in conceiving a strategy for economic cooperation between North and South Korea because of their differences in ideology and socio-economic system. Under these circumstances, a bid by either the North or the South to consider its specific ideology or socio-economic system absolute and to impose them on the other side would inevitably lead to confrontation and collision and deepen the division of the country. Therefore, steps to expand and develop economic and technological cooperation and comprehensive exchanges between the North and the South, with due regard to the development of bilateral relations, are in full accord with the interests of the both sides. It is clear that North Korea's changing attitude toward its environmental conditions is neither a policy of opening nor an ideological shift toward pragmatism, as has occurred in the Eastern European countries. Instead, it is a temporary tactic for breaking out of the economic stagnation caused by its rigid economic structure. In this light, we must.