• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1997

Male rats of Albino strain were divided into four groups, control group, X-irradiated group, WR-2721 treatment group and X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721. The radioprotective effect of treatment with S-2 (3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) in the dose of 200mg/kg by intraperitonial injection on rats 20min prior to wholebody X-irradiation (8Gy) was studied. Each group determined serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (ASI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and contents of serum glucose after 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The ALP and AST activities of X-irradiated group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared with that of control group, but X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721 less decreased those enzyme activities compared with the X-irradiated group. X-irradiated group was significantly increased (p＜0.05) ALT and LDH activities compared with that of control group, but X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721 less increased those enzyme activities compared with the X-irradiated group. The concentration of serum glucose of X-irradiated group was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with that of control group, but X-irradiated group treated with WR-2721 less increased compared with that of X-irradiated group. It may be considered that WR-2721 provided radioprotective effect of organs of body from X-irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 2015

This paper suggests how Korean housemaids, called Sikmo, and Korean-Chinese migrant domestic workers have similar class positions and therefore form a dual identity in their interactions with female employers. rough spoken stories of the experiences of 27 females from Seoul, including Korean-Chinese domestic workers, Korean housemaids, and their employers, this research effectively overcomes the dichotomous discourse of natives versus foreigners. Instead it suggests the new interpretation that it is not foreignness but class inferiority of the domestic workers that plays a key role in establishing relationships with employers. Korean housemaids and Korean-Chinese domestic workers, both groups of whom are migrant workers, have developed coping strategies to enhance their labor value by spatially relocating themselves from their home society to a new society. They possess a similar labor status in women's history, being of low income, low education, and rural births. Consequently, these women experience 'translocal anchoring,' meaning their identities are intertwined with that of their home societies, and employers perceive them based on the characteristics of these places. The Korean employers perceive that the domestic workers' morality and intellectuality are inferior based on their class differences. This stigmatizing process leads employers to regard domestic workers as ambivalent people, not only threatening outsiders but also objects of pity, needing love and protection of their employers. The employers educate them culturally, teaching them skills to survive in the urban environment. These skills include cooking and language, in addition to advice on long-term plans to blend into society.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1985

1) In the study of the forced-swimming test in mice (FSM), the duration of immobility posture was dose-dependently shortened by ${\alpha}_2$-agonists, clonidine and guanabenz. BH-T 933 and oxymetazoline also decreased it . Xylazine rather increased the immobility duration at low dose. 2) ${\alpha}_1$-Agonists, cirazoline, amidephrine and methoxamine, however, showed inconsistent effect on the immobility duration (ID). 3) The decrease in ID by clonidine and guanabenz was antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine, idazoxan and phentolamine (${\alpha}_2$antagonist), but not by prazosin and corynanthine (${\alpha}_1$-antagonist) .4) The ID in the FSM was shortened dose-dependently by d-amphetamine, and it was also antagonized by yohimbine, but not by prazosin. 5) In the mice pretreated with either ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine or reserpine, or with combination of both, the decrease in ID was still evoked by clonidine. 6) When the mice were chronically treated with antidepressants (desipramine and imipramine), or with electroconvulsive shock, clonidine still decreased the ID as it did in the control. 7) These results provided the evidences to hypothesize that the change of the ID in the FSM is closely related with the postsynaptie ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor located on the central noradrenergic neuron body. Furthermore, it is assumed that this escape-directed behavior enhanced by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor agonist may be the result in some analogy with the incentive of drives which are directed toward the self-preservation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.288-298
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• 2004

Benzimidazole pesticide carbendazim that is effective against a wide range of fungal plant pathogens is a protective, eradicant, and systemic fungicide. For genetic toxicity evaluation of carbendazim on DNA, genes and chromosome, were investigated with chromosome aberration, bacterial reverse mutation, micronucleus test in mouse born marrow and DNA damage assay by single cell microgel electrophoresis. Substitution and frameshift mutation were not induce at variable concentration of carbendazim on Ames test with or without rat liver microsomal activation. For the result of chromosome aberration test, numerical changes of chromosome were detected at the concentrations higher than $4.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, but structural aberration was not induced. Positive control, Mitomycin-C and captafol made a structural aberration, but numerical change of chromosome did not appear. In the micronucleus test for mouse born marrow, carbendazim was negative, but was weak positive in DNA damage assay by single cell microgel electrophoresis because of increased DNA moving length of 20% to control.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

It has been generally accepted that obesity and overweight are associated with metabolic diseases and cancer incidence. In fact, obesity increased risks of cancers i.e. breast, liver, pancreatic and prostate. Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Thunder god vine, was used as a Chinese traditional medicine for treatment of inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, lupus erythematosus and Alzheimer's disease. Also, celastrol has various biological properties of chemo-preventive, neuro-protective, and anti-oxidant effects. Recent studies demonstrated that celastrol has anti-proliferation effects in different type of obesity-related cancers and suppresses tumor progression and metastasis. Anticancer effects of celastrol include regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, heat shock protein, JNK, VEGF, CXCR4, Akt/mTOR, MMP-9 and so on. For these reasons, celastrol has shown to be a promising anti-tumor agent. In this review, we will address the anticancer activities and multiple mechanisms of celastrol in obesity-related cancers.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 1995

1970년대 중반 세계 주요 연안국(沿岸國)들이 배타적(排他的) 어업수역(漁業水域) 또는 경제수역(經濟水域)의 선포를 통하여 해양관할권(海洋管轄權)을 확대할 때까지 한국은 원양어업(遠洋漁業)의 발전과 어획량 증대에 박차를 가하였다. 그 당시 정부의 주요 정책은 재정 지원을 통하여 원양어선(遠洋漁船)의 선복량을 확충하는 것이었지만, 새로운 해양법질서(海洋法秩序)가 도입된 후로는 원양어업(遠洋漁業)에 대한지원 정책을 재검토하지 않을 수 없게 되었다. 그 당시 한국의 원양어업(遠洋漁業)에 가해진 압박을 타개하기 위하여 연안국(沿岸國)의 규제를 최소화하는 노력과 함께 경제성 있는 대체어장(代替漁場)의 개발에 주력한 결과 성공을 거두었는데, 그것은 바로 수산자원(水産資源) 보유국(保有國)과의 쌍무협정(雙務協定) 체결을 통한 어업의 계속과 더불어 공해어업(公海漁業)으로의 전환이었다. 최근에 한국의 원양어업(遠洋漁業)이 당면하고 있는 현안은 공해어업(公海漁業)에 대한 국제사회(國際社會)의 규제 강화와 더불어 국내 수산물 시장의 개방이라는 내우외환(內憂外患)이 겹친 위기상황(危機狀況)이다. 이러한 난국을 타개함으로써 원양어업(遠洋漁業)의 지속적인 발전을 추구하기 위하여 한국정부(韓國政府)는 새로운 전략을 마련하였는데, 그 구체적인 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자원을 보유하고 있는 연안국(沿岸國)과의 협력을 강화함과 동시에, 국제수산기구(國際水産機構)에서의 적극적인 활동을 전개하는 것이다. 현재 한국은 14개 연안국(沿岸國)과 쌍무적 어업협정(漁業協定)을 체결하여 기술이전 및 재정 지원을 통한 공동번영(共同繁榮)을 추구하고 있으며, 10개 국제수산기구(國際水産機構)에 가입하여 수산자원(水産資源)의 보존과 해양환경(海洋環境)의 보호에 노력하고 있다. 둘째, 원양어선(遠洋漁船)의 감축과 연근해어업(沿近海漁業) 구조 조정을 통한 합리적인 수산업 체제를 구축해 나갈 것이다. 즉, 원양어업(遠洋漁業)의 양적 팽창보다는 장기적인 안목에서 질적인 수준을 제고함으로써 안정적인 산업으로 내실을 기할 수 있도록 경영의 합리화와 같은 업계 자체의 체질 개선 노력을 지원할 것이다. 셋째, 현대의 해양법질서(海洋法秩序) 하에서 한국원양어업(韓國遠洋漁業)의 활로는 주로 자원보유국(資源保有國)과의 합작사업(合作事業)에서 찾을 수 밖에 없다. 이것이야 말로 연안국(沿岸國)과 원양어업국(遠洋漁業國)에게 공통적으로 이롭다는 사실이 입증된 것이기 때문이다. 따라서, 원양어업(遠洋漁業)을 해외합작사업(海外合作事業)으로 전환하는 데에 있어서 정부가 지원해야 할 부분은 다음 세 가지로 요약된다. 즉, 장래성 있는 사업 분야에 대한 적극적인 재정지원(財政支援), 생산된 수산물의 국내시장반입(國內市場搬入)에 대한 특별한 배려, 그리고 기업의 해외투자의욕(海外投資意慾)을 고취시키는 정책의 수행이다. 수산자원(水産資源)은 그 자체가재생산성(再生産性)을 갖고 있기 때문에 합리적으로 보존관리(保存管理)한다면 영속적인 이용이 가능한데, 이와 같은 이념은 1982년 유엔 해양법협약(海洋法協約)에서도 최선의 과학적 증거로써 "보존(保存)"과 "이용(利用)"의 조화를 유지하는 것으로 구현되어 있다. 따라서, 한국정부(韓國政府)도 그러한 차원의 국제협력(國際協力)에 기꺼이 동참함과 동시에, "투명성(透明性)"과 "책임(責任)"을 이행하는 어업 활동을 보장하기 위한 제도적 개혁을 진행 중이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.439-448
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• 1993

The B-type gamma knife unit was installed at Kyung-Hee University Hospital in March 1992. The selective beam plugging method can be used to reduce the low percentage isodose profiles of normal sensitive organ and to modify the isodose curves of treatment volume for better shaping of the target volume. For representing the changes of the low percentage isodose profiles, the variations of dose distribution for several cases were discussed in this paper. The film dosimetry was peformed for the evaluation of calculated isodose profiles predicted by KULA dose planning system. The results were verified by RFA-3 automatic densitometry. The clinical application of selective beam shielding method was peformed in 17 patients in 100 patients who have undergone gamma knife radiosurgery for a year. The calculated and the measured isodose profiles for the high percentage regions were well consistent with each other. When the target of pituitary tumor is macro-size, the selective beam shielding method is the most applicable method. When the target size, however, is small, the correct selection of the proper helmet size is very important. All patients were exposed almost about 3~12 Gy for brain stem, and 3~11.2 Gy for optic apparatus. It is recommended that the same or other plugging patterns with multiple isocenters should be used for protection of the radiosensitive normal structures with precise treatment of CNS lesions.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.1 s.110
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• pp.118-127
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• 2005

The comparison of water balance and nutrient loading from paddy field with different irrigation management were carried out during 1999 ${\sim}$ 2002 at two different sites; one is irrigated with groundwater and the other is irrigated with surface water. For the surface water irrigated paddy field, irrigation was performed continuously during growing season. Whereas, initial irrigation with groundwater was applied during initial growing season, and the ponded water depth was maintained by natural precipitation since initial irrigation. The runoff frequency of groundwater irrigated paddy field was less than that of surface water irrigated paddy field. The nutrient concentration of ponded water was high by fertilization at early cultural periods, so reducing surface drainage during fertilization period can reduce nutrient loading from paddy fields. Amount of irrigation water to surface water irrigated paddy field was higher than to groundwater irrigated paddy field and evapotranspiration was similar because it is influenced by climate. Overall input in and output from paddy field irrigated with goundwater were less than that with surface water. This study indicate that efficient water management can reduce surface drainage outflow, save water, and protect water quality. It might be important BMPs for paddy field.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 1991

The skin and fleshy substance on the net fiber of sponge-gourd fruit pressed mechanically was removed with 0.2% NaOH solution in $3{\sim}5$ hours. The treatment of 0.2% NaOH with 0.02% Monopol(non-ionogenic polyoxethylen derivative) as surfactnat and with 0.1% $Ca(OCl)_2$ as bleaching agent enhanced the effect to remove the fleshy substance and improve the quality of net fiber. Also, the wet hardness and tensile strength of net fiber were controlled by the crosslinkage of the fiber with glu tardialdehyde, glyoxal, and formalin, respectively. The net fiber was stable on the acid and alkaline solutions. Also the range of temperature to degradate the fiber was $338{\sim}385^{\circ}C$. These values indicated a fair stability. The improved net fiber can be used for raw material of bath, dish washing, oil and gas filter, and many kinds of decorations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.520-528
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• 1987

Quality stability of roasted lavers during heat treatment and storage was investigated measuring the changes in pigments including chlorophyll a, carotenoids and biliproteins, fatty acids and free amino acids as the major quality factors. In roasting of fried lavers, carotenoids were found to lie more stable than chlorophyll a, and biliproteins were most heat labile. The overall heat stability of the pigments depended upon heating time and temperature. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids were retained more than $90\%$ in the casts of roasting for 90 min. at $60^{\circ}C;\;60min.\;at\;80^{\circ}C;\;10\;min.\;at\;100^{\circ}C;\;or\;5min.\;at\;150^{\circ}C$ while biliproteins remained about $70\%$. The lipids of dried lavers including polyunsaturated fatty acids appeared rather heat stable when compared to the stability of pigments under the same conditions of roasting. Spray of sesame oil or seasoning solutions on the surface of lavers after roasting seemed desirable for stabilizing pigments and free amino acids during storage particularly at low water activity. And that was also benefit for the protection of polyenoic fatty acids from rapid progress of oxidation during storage. Free amino acids were reduced fast during roasting, especially most of threonine and glycine while glutamic acid was rapidly lost during the storage.