• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 2004

Objectives: The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) is commonly used as a valid objective measure of sleepiness. The procedure of MSLT is well standardized but the sleep onset criterion is somewhat variable. One epoch of stage 1 sleep is the most commonly used criterion, and the criterion of three epochs of stage 1 sleep is also used. The purpose of this study was to compare the two criteria used to determine sleep onset. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 60 consecutive MSLT that were performed according to a standaridized protocol. We scored each test using the two different criteria for sleep onset and then statistically analyed the results. Results: Using the different criteria, 20 patients among 60 showed changes in mean sleep latency (33.3%). The extent of change ranged from 1.3% to 38.5% (mean 15.9%). Non-narcoleptic patients showed a significantly higher incidence of change than other sleep disorder patients. Conclusion: Changes in mean sleep latency occurred according to the different criteria of sleep onset. But the difference arising from different criteria was statistically not significant in patients with moderate to severe sleepiness. Considering that 1 epoch criterion for sleep onset is more sensitive in detecting clinically significant sleepiness, the authors suggest that the 1 epoch criterion is more reliable than the 3 epochs criterion.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2010

Based on the detailed travel history of cases from 2006 to 2008 who reside in non-malarious areas, statistical estimates of the incubation periods were obtained. The data suggest that cases fall into two categories with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively. 72 and 25 cases successfully met our criteria for inferring the durations of short- and long-term incubation periods. The mean short- and long-term incubation periods were estimated to be 25.42 days and 328.6 days weeks, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Service Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.89.1-89
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• 1995

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 균형 훈련이 중추신경계 손상자들의 자세 조절 및 중추감각신경전도로에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 중추신경계 손상자로써 실험군 10명, 통제군 10명 등 총 20명을 선정하였으며, 실험군은 본 연구의 훈련 프로그램에 따라 12주간 force platform을 이용하여 균형훈련을 실시토록하였다. 자세조절 변인의 측정은 운동처치 전, 처치 후 8주 및 12주 후에 대상자들의 동적 및 정적 자세에서의 흔들림을 Dynamic Balance System을 이용하여 측정하였고, 체성감각 유발전위의 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기, 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기, 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 Neurotec을 이용하여 측정 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정적 자세 조절 요인의 경우, 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (p<.05) 감소하였고, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게(P<.05, P<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 2. 전후 이동면과 전후 기울기면에서 동적 자세 조절의 변화는 전후 이동면에서 좌우 흔들림과 전후 흔들림은 실험군에서 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 감소하였으며, 실험군이 통제군에 비해 운동처치 8주 및 12주 후에 각각 유의하게 (P<.05, p<.01) 흔들림이 감소하였다. 3. 체성감각 유발전위의 잠복기 변화는 실험군과 통제군에 있어서 말초신경 근위부 유발전위$(N_9)$ 잠복기와 척수 유발전위$(N_{13})$ 잠복기가 다소 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 실험군에 있어서 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기는 8주 후부터 유의하게 (P<.05) 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 12주의 균형 훈련은 자세 조절에 있어서 전후와 좌우의 흔들림을 감소시킴으로써 정적인 상태나 동적인 상태에서의 자세 안정성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 이는 자세 조절에 필요한 항중력근의 긴장성 수축을 유발시킬 뿐만 아니라 근육 긴장분포를 조절할 수 있다는 것으로 신경근 조절 기능의 향상을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 뇌 유발전위 $(N_{20})$ 잠복기의 증가는 중추신경계의 감각기능의 신경학적 회복을 의미하는 것으로 중추신경계의 감각 운동통합에도 영향을 미쳐 운동기능의 향상을 기대할 수 이을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.290-298
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• 2017

This study compared the median nerve, ulnar never, and F waves of patients diagnosed with early Carpal Tunnel Syndrome to a control group to determine whether F waves could be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of early CTS. The terminal motor latency (TML), terminal motor amplitude and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of the section from the palms to the wrists, which are the key indicators to use in a nerve conduction study, and F waves were compared with the control group using the t-test. A correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the main indicators. The comparison between the median nerve's TML of the early CTS patients and that of the control group shows that there are 2 sections which have high significance (p<0.001). In the comparison of the SNCV of the median nerve between the control group and early CTS patients, high significance was observed (p<0.001). In the analysis of the F waves, there was high significance (p<0.001) between the control group and early CTS patients for the median nerve, but not for the ulnar nerve. The correlation analysis revealed that both the SNCV-TML and F wave-TML had significance. These results suggested that, along with TML and SNCV, F waves can be a useful indicator to diagnose CTS.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.388-394
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• 2000

이 실험은 소형견종에 대한 정상 SEPs의 범위를 알아내기 위해 실시되었다. 임상증 상이 정상인 28두를 대상으로 자극점에서 channel 1 까지의 Pl(LPI), channel 1까지의 Nl (LN1), 자극점에서 channel 2가지의 Pl(TP1), channel 2까지의 N1(TNI)의 절대잠복기와 LP1-TN1` 의 파간잠복기를 알아내기 위해서 실시하였다. 이번 실험에서 LPI, LNI, TPI, TNI의 절대잠복기 (absolute latency)의 평균값은 2.69$\pm$0.31 msec, 4.91$\pm$0.49m/sec, 4.64$\pm$0.39 msec, 5.21$\pm$0.42 msec 띠었다. LP1과 TN1 사이의 파간절대잠복기의 핑균값은 2.52$\pm$7.19 msec 이었다. 측정 치들을 속도로 변환하였을 경우 다음과 같았다. 측, LPI, LNI. Tfl, TNI 그리고 LP1-TN1 에서의 속도의 평균값은 각각 93.11$\pm$ 8.58 m/sec, 50.99$\pm$ 5.36m/sec. 80.18$\pm$ sec, 71.31$\pm$4.79m/sec그리고 49.50$\pm$3.58m/sec 이었고. 71.66m/sec, 37.79m/sec, 65.75m/ sec, 59.33 m/sec, 40.55m/sec 의 최저속도를 초과하였을 때 정상범위로 간주하였다. LPI, LNI, TPI,TN1까지의 절대잠복기와 자극전극에 시 측정전극가지의 거리 사이에는 상관관계가 있었다 LP1, LN1, TP1, TN1의 상관계수는 각각 0.621, 0.494. 0.577,0.618 이었다 요추에서 기록된 SEPs갈은 LP1의 상관계수가 LN1 보다 높았으며 흉추에서 기록된 SEPs값은 TN1의 상관계수가 TP1보다 높았다. LP1과 TN1의 파간잠복기와 channel 1과 2의 거리차이와의 상관계수는 0.571이다. 따라서 LPI, LNI. TPI, TNI그리고 LPI-TNI 들의 최저속도를 이용 하여 척수 손상 여부를 판단할 수 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

The visual evoke potential(VEP) is the effective method to diagnose and treat the amblyopia or to check the infants visual ability. In order to evaluate the changes of P100 latencies and amplitudes of VEP by intensity of illumination and refractive errors, we measured latencies and amplitudes of 41 normal adults (20/20 VA) who have no ocular diseases and neurologic diseases. The results were as follows: In the scotopic condition, the latencies were N75$75.83{\pm}3.69$ msec, P100$103.48{\pm}5.34$ msec, the P100 amplitude was $14.86{\pm}2.43$ msec, and in the photopic condition, the latencies were N75$76.71{\pm}3.11$ msec, P100$107.26{\pm}5.54$ msec and the P100 amplitude was $10.35{\pm}1.75$ msec. The latencies and amplitudes of P100 in the photopic condition had higher values than those in the scotopic condition and the measures were significantly different between the scotopic and photopic condition (p<0.01). The P100 latencies were delayed both in the scotopic and photopic condition with the refractive errors and those measures were delayed more than in the photopic condition. The P100 amplitudes in the induced myopic and hyperopic conditionsreduced than in the emmetopes in both illumination conditions. The P100 latencies and amplitudes in emmetropes showed a correlation with the induced myopic conditions in the scotopic condition. Those results showed that P100 latencies and amplitudes are dependent on the illumination conditions and refractive errors. And we suggest that those results would be useful to determine and evaluate the normal range for the person considering patients' refractive errors and illumination of the test room.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.296
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• pp.33-51
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.443-451
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• 1992

Effects of various pretreatments on the nucleation of CVD-W deposited on the reactively sputter-deposited TiN was investigated. Incubation period of nucleation and deposition rate decreased by the pretreatment of Ar rf-sputter etching for the depth below 300k, but they increased for the etchig depth over 200A. The preteatment of Ar ion implantation decreased the incubation period of nucleation, but increased deposition rate. Also Si$H_4$flushing pretreatment decreased the incubation period of nucleation slightly due to the absorption of Si by TiN surface.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 1997

H-reflex is a kind of late respons which can be used for the proximal nerve conduction study. Also it is a useful and widely used nerve conduction technique es to look electrically at the monosynaptic reflex. Although recordable from all muscles theoretically, H-reflexes are most commonly recorded from the calf muscles following stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. But in this study, We tried to establish the normal data and to evaluate the significance of the H-reflex study in cervical radiculopathy. H-reflexes were recorded from flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle, extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle, brachioradialis (BR) muscle, and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle in 31 normal adults (62 cases) and 12 patients with cervical radiculopathy. The mean values of H-reflex latency in normal control group were $16.16{\pm}1.65$ msec in FCR; $15.99{\pm}1.25$ msec in ECR; $16.47{\pm}1.59$ msec in BR; $24.46{\pm}1.42$ msec in ADM. And the mean values of side to side difference of H-reflex latency were $0.47{\pm}0.48$ msec in FCR; $0.68{\pm}0.72$ msec in ECR; $0.63{\pm}0.43$ msec in BR; $22.31{\pm}1.24$ msec in ADM. Mean values of side to side differences of interlatency time were $0.49{\pm}0.47$ msec in FCR; $0.73{\pm}0.62$ msec in ECR; $0.79{\pm}0.71$ msec in BR; $0.69{\pm}0.44$ msec in ADM. Also, there were no significant differences in H-reflex latency between right and left side. H-reflex tests in patient group with cervical radiculopathy revealed abnormal findings in 11 out of 12 patients. These results suggest that H-reflex in the upper extremity would be helpful in the diagnosis of the cervical radiculopathy.