• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.301-306
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• 2023

Convergeance in the military operations can be attained by simultaneously integrating effects based on sensor, C2, shooter asset in multi-domain and there is no exception to special operations. However, because of challenges from enemy, terrain, geopraphy, and weather, it's not easy to intertwine effects created from ground, sea, air, cyber and electromagnetic spectrum, and space in special operations conducted in deep area. This study presented how to intertwine high-tech such as long-rane reconnaissance·strike drone, cutting-edge sensor, jamming pod, and modular repeater in order to offset aforementioned challenges. Several new high-tech are able to strengthen convergeance of special operations in accordance with the development of the 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, follow-up studies need to be continued making an efforts to search for them.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.93-104
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• 2023

Recently, the technology of drones is developing remarkably. The role of military drones is so great that they can cause serious damage to the enemy's important strategic assets without any damage to our allies in all battlefield environments (land, sea, air). However, the battleship combat management system currently operated by the Korean Navy is vulnerable to defense because there is no customized defense system against drones. As drones continue to develop, they are bound to pose a major threat to navy in the future. This paper proposes a way for the warfare software of naval combat management system sets a combat mode suitable for anti-drone battle, evaluates the threat priority in order to preemptively respond to drone threats and eliminate drone threats through automatic allocation of self-ship-mounted weapons and sensors, and through a test of the improved warfare software in a simulated environment, it was proved that the time to respond to the drone was improved by 62%.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2023

Knowledge management can be defined as the valuable storing and creation of new knowledge, as well as the sharing of this knowledge to be applied in all areas of an organization's management activities (Turban et al., 2003). In a knowledge-based society where intangible intellectual assets are the source of competitive advantage rather than tangible assets, knowledge management activities are emphasized in both academia and industry. This study analyzes research on "knowledge management" keyword indexed in the Korean Citation Index (https://kci.go.kr), operated by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), to identify related research trends in Korea and suggest future directions for knowledge management activities. The results show that knowledge management is being researched through the integration of various fields and theories, indicating the potential for expanding research topics and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, the study of knowledge management often include the keyword 'innovation', emphasizing its significant role in organizational and technological innovations. The analysis of keywords by year also reveals that they reflect the major environmental changes of each period, demonstrating the increasing importance of knowledge management in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 2019

Recently banks and large financial institutions have introduced lots of Robo-Advisor products. Robo-Advisor is a Robot to produce the optimal asset allocation portfolio for investors by using the financial engineering algorithms without any human intervention. Since the first introduction in Wall Street in 2008, the market size has grown to 60 billion dollars and is expected to expand to 2,000 billion dollars by 2020. Since Robo-Advisor algorithms suggest asset allocation output to investors, mathematical or statistical asset allocation strategies are applied. Mean variance optimization model developed by Markowitz is the typical asset allocation model. The model is a simple but quite intuitive portfolio strategy. For example, assets are allocated in order to minimize the risk on the portfolio while maximizing the expected return on the portfolio using optimization techniques. Despite its theoretical background, both academics and practitioners find that the standard mean variance optimization portfolio is very sensitive to the expected returns calculated by past price data. Corner solutions are often found to be allocated only to a few assets. The Black-Litterman Optimization model overcomes these problems by choosing a neutral Capital Asset Pricing Model equilibrium point. Implied equilibrium returns of each asset are derived from equilibrium market portfolio through reverse optimization. The Black-Litterman model uses a Bayesian approach to combine the subjective views on the price forecast of one or more assets with implied equilibrium returns, resulting a new estimates of risk and expected returns. These new estimates can produce optimal portfolio by the well-known Markowitz mean-variance optimization algorithm. If the investor does not have any views on his asset classes, the Black-Litterman optimization model produce the same portfolio as the market portfolio. What if the subjective views are incorrect? A survey on reports of stocks performance recommended by securities analysts show very poor results. Therefore the incorrect views combined with implied equilibrium returns may produce very poor portfolio output to the Black-Litterman model users. This paper suggests an objective investor views model based on Support Vector Machines(SVM), which have showed good performance results in stock price forecasting. SVM is a discriminative classifier defined by a separating hyper plane. The linear, radial basis and polynomial kernel functions are used to learn the hyper planes. Input variables for the SVM are returns, standard deviations, Stochastics %K and price parity degree for each asset class. SVM output returns expected stock price movements and their probabilities, which are used as input variables in the intelligent views model. The stock price movements are categorized by three phases; down, neutral and up. The expected stock returns make P matrix and their probability results are used in Q matrix. Implied equilibrium returns vector is combined with the intelligent views matrix, resulting the Black-Litterman optimal portfolio. For comparisons, Markowitz mean-variance optimization model and risk parity model are used. The value weighted market portfolio and equal weighted market portfolio are used as benchmark indexes. We collect the 8 KOSPI 200 sector indexes from January 2008 to December 2018 including 132 monthly index values. Training period is from 2008 to 2015 and testing period is from 2016 to 2018. Our suggested intelligent view model combined with implied equilibrium returns produced the optimal Black-Litterman portfolio. The out of sample period portfolio showed better performance compared with the well-known Markowitz mean-variance optimization portfolio, risk parity portfolio and market portfolio. The total return from 3 year-period Black-Litterman portfolio records 6.4%, which is the highest value. The maximum draw down is -20.8%, which is also the lowest value. Sharpe Ratio shows the highest value, 0.17. It measures the return to risk ratio. Overall, our suggested view model shows the possibility of replacing subjective analysts's views with objective view model for practitioners to apply the Robo-Advisor asset allocation algorithms in the real trading fields.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.55
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• pp.95-136
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• 2018

Marriage forms a minimal social unit. Marriage can affect not only relative relationship but also possession of property. Regarding legal issues related to marriage, mainly the civil law, especially the family law section, regulates. However, marriage has also a significant legal effect in terms of taxation. This article deals with the taxation of gift tax among them. In Korea, if you give more than 600 million won in assets to your husband and wife, the donee must pay the gift tax. However, there has been little research into the influence of the marital property system on the taxation of gift tax on the donation between married couples. There are two legislative approaches to the attribution of property held by married couples. The one is separate property system, the other is community property system. Under separate property system, husband and wife own property separately. The community property system recognizes marital property of married couple as a common property of married couple. The legal property system in Korea is separate property system. However, married couples can adopt the community property system as a marital property system by their agreement. Currently, most Korean couples are subject to separate property system as a marital property system. There is no legal problem to levy the gift tax on the donation between couples who are subject to separate property system. The problem is the donation of asset between couples who are subject to the community property system. In community property system, most property acquired during marriage (except for gifts or inheritances) is considered community property. community property means property owned jointly by both partners. Some argue that the gift tax can not be taxed between married couples who are subject to the community property system. In this paper, we examine whether these arguments are valid.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 2021

Due to recent changes in government policy, officetels have received attention as alternative assets, along with the uplift of office and apartment prices in Seoul. However, the current officetel price indexes use small-size samples and, thus, there is a critique on their accuracy. They rely on valuation prices which lag the market trend and do not properly reflect the volatile nature of the property market, resulting in 'smoothing'. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to create the officetel price index using transaction data. The data, provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport from 2005 to 2020, includes sales prices and rental prices - Jeonsei and monthly rent (and their combinations). This study employed a repeat sales model for sales, jeonsei, and monthly rent indexes. It also contributes to improving conversion rates (between deposit and monthly rent) as a supplementary indicator. The main findings are as follows. First, the officetel price index and jeonsei index reached 132.5P and 163.9P, respectively, in Q4 2020 (1Q 2011=100.0P). However, the rent index was approximately below 100.0. Sales prices and jeonsei continued to rise due to high demand while monthly rent was largely unchanged due to vacancy risk. Second, the increase in the officetel sales price was lower than other housing types such as apartments and villas. Third, the employed approach has seen a potential to produce more reliable officetel price indexes reflecting high volatility compared to those indexes produced by other institutions, contributing to resolving 'smoothing'. As seen in the application in Seoul, this approach can enhance accuracy and, therefore, better assist market players to understand the market trend, which is much valuable under great uncertainties such as COVID-19 environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.1 s.87
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Currently, when the military performs military operations in wartime and peace time, it is important for him to obtain repeatedly updated traffic information for security of the military supply support. The purpose of this study is to present an acquisition way of the repeatedly updated traffic information which the military is available. To achieve this Purpose, firstly, this paper finded types of traffic information which the military demanded and limitations caused by an connection of traffic information network between the military and associated government agencies. Also. grasped ITS(Intelligent Transportation systems) equipment operation by associated government agencies (Ministry Construction & Transportation, Korea Highway Corporation, Seoul Metropolitan Government, National Police Agency, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) and connection situations of traffic information network among associated government agencies. On the basis of these materials, this study presented the most efficient connection method in the field of the space and the contents of traffic information between the military and associated government agencies and ITS connection system between the military and associated government agencies was contrived. Throughout the upper processes, this paper showed a method which is available for acquiring ITS traffic information of associated government agencies. In addition to the connection method of ITS traffic information network, resolutions for the problems caused by connection of ITS network were come up with. But the more deep study for this matter is needed since resolutions for the problems of the ITS network connection, which this paper presented, were very restricted.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-83
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency and productivity change and inefficiency cause of the korean non-life insurance companies of the before($1993{\sim}1996$) and after($1998{\sim}2004$) of IMF. we use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model to measure company efficiency and MPI(Malmquist productivity indices) to measure company productivity change and Tobit regression to analyze inefficiency cause. we utilize ten non-life insurance companies in korea and the time-series data for eleven from 1993 to 2004 except 1997. The empirical results show the following findings. First, total cost efficiency shows that the after of IMF decrease of 3.7% over the before of IMF and MPI change indicates that the after of IMF increase 7.7% over the before IMF. Second, the results of Tobit regression to analysis the cause of inefficiency show that total cost efficiency is positively related invested assets, acquisition expenses ratio, collection expenses ratio and is negatively related solicitors ratio, personnel expenses ratio, land & buildings expenses ratio, loss ratio, net operating expenses ratio. Especially inefficiency of small-to-mid sized companies is main cause of total cost efficiency of non-life insurance companies in korea. Small-to-mid sized companies endeavored various aspects of business strategies.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.78-86
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• 2017

Japan has a lot of interest about weapons systems development of surrounding national and has invested heavily in securing intelligence assets to get information about them, because of conflict issues between Japan and Russia with four northern islands, China with Senkaku Islands and entry policy into the Pacific. Japan has used a large budget to detect and intercept ballistic missile for reasons of the launch of the Taepodong missile in 1998. After took over SIGINT equipments which U.S. force had operated in 1950s~1960s, Japan made a technological analysis and advanced IT technology to produce superior equipments. Japan's SDF has installed them in 19 locations across Japan. In addition, Japan's JASDF has installed advanced early warning RADAR to detect aircraft and high speed ballistic missile entering JADIZ with S-band in 28 locations across Japan. It is possible to detect missile launch preparations, engine tests, and launch moments at any time for operation of 6 satellites high resolution reconnaissance system and 6 aegis ships. In close cooperation with the US, Japan is accessible to the SBIRS networks which detects the launch of a ballistic missile in neighboring countries. In the future, Because the United States wants Japan to act as part of the United States in East, south Asia, it is believed that the exchange of intelligence on the surrounding countries between two countries will be enhanced.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.4 s.31
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• pp.101-119
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• 2005

금원사대가적태두류완소(金元四大家的泰斗劉完素), 1110년생어하북성하간현(年生於河北省河間縣), 졸어(卒於)1200년(年), 향년(享年)90세(歲). 타통과연구(他通過硏究)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$화(和)${\ulcorner}$상한론(傷寒論)${\lrcorner}$, 저술료(著述了)${\ulcorner}$소문현기원병식(素問玄機原病式)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$황제소문선명론방(黃帝素問宣明論方)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$소문병기기의보명집(素問病機氣宜保命集)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$상한표본심법류췌(傷寒標本心法類萃)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$상한직격론(傷寒直格論)${\lrcorner}$등저작(等著作). 령외, 응용운기대이론진행연구(應用運氣對理論進行硏究), 주장(主張)‘화열론(火熱論)’, 제출이한량약물치료질병적방법, 사금원시대재의학상(使金元時代在醫學上), 형성료백가쟁명적국면(形成了百家爭鳴的局面). 필자통과대류완소적방제학설급임상경험적연구(筆者通過對劉完素的方劑學說及臨床經驗的硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論): 재방제학설상(在方劑學說上), ${\ulcorner}$황제소문선명론방(黃帝素問宣明論方)${\lrcorner}$중(中), 기사용적(其使用的)${\ulcorner}$상한론(傷寒論)${\lrcorner}$화각가급기제자문운용방제(和各家及其弟子們運用方劑), 공포괄(共包括)366개(個). 대부분주장료이용신고적한약(大部分主張了利用辛苦的寒藥), 래개통울결(來開通鬱結), 조습제열(操濕除熱). ‘상복보양(常服保養)’시인위여기소거주적중국북방(是因爲與其所居住的中國北方), 기후건조(氣候乾操), 인문다식습성강(人們多食濕性强), 차교표한적식물(且較標悍的食物), 소이유사인체장위비조적경향(所以有使人體腸胃秘操的傾向). ${\ulcorner}$황제소문선명론방(黃帝素問宣明論方)${\lrcorner}$적(的)366개방중(個方中), 유산제(有散劑)126개(個), 탕제(湯劑)87개(個), 기중(其中), 지유(只有)18개방가칭지위진정적탕제, 기여도접근위자산(其餘都接近爲煮散). ${\ulcorner}$황제소문선명론방(黃帝素問宣明論方)${\lrcorner}$중소나열적주요방제유(中所羅列的主要方劑有)‘방풍통성산(防風通聖散)’, ‘삼화신우환(三花神佑丸)’, ‘쌍해산(雙解散)’, ‘삼일승기탕(三一承氣湯)’, ‘대금화환(大金花丸)’, ‘익원산(益元散)’, ‘대건중탕(大建中湯)’, ‘당귀룡담환(當歸龍膽丸)’, ‘비방다주조산(秘方茶酒調散)’, ‘계령감로산(桂零甘露散)’, ‘천궁석고탕(川弓石膏湯)’, ‘전성산(全聖散)’, ‘지유탕(地楡湯)’, ‘인참산(人參散)’, ‘작약탕(芍藥湯)’, ‘내통황연탕(內統黃連湯)’, ‘신궁환(神芎丸)’, ‘도환산(倒換散)’등(等). 재임상경험상(在臨床經驗上), 류씨유풍부치료경험(劉氏有豊富治療經驗), 단시유감적시몰유전하일부관우의안방면적저작(但是遺憾的是沒有傳下一部關于醫案方面的著作). 재질병적치료상(在疾病的治療上), 가간출기유독창적견해(可看出其有獨創的見解), 저일점도견우(這一點都見于)${\ulcorner}$소문현기원병식(素問玄機原病式)${\lrcorner}$등이론저작(等理論著作), 우기산견어(尤其散見於)${\ulcorner}$황제소문선명론방(黃帝素問宣明論方)${\lrcorner}$중(中).